I-Biograge
UVictor Shklovsky kusukela esemncane wayenesifiso sobuciko, okuthonye okukhethayo. Ungene endabeni njengomgxeki odumile wemibhalo, umlobi wesikrini nomlobi.Ubuntwana nentsha
UVictor Shkhlovsky uvele ngoSepthemba 12 (24) ngo-1893 eSt. Petersburg. Ubaba wafundisa izibalo, wabe eseba nguprofesa wezifundo eziphakeme ze-artillery, futhi umama wahola abendlu. Lo mndeni wawumkhulu, kepha kusuka kubo bonke abantwana kuya ezinganekwabo abadala baphila kuphela uVictor. Abafowabo bakhe abaphezulu uVladimir noNikolai badubule, uDadewethu u-Evinene wabulawa yindlala ePetrograd.
Eminyakeni yokuqala, ama-biographies shkhlovsky awakwazanga ukuziqhayisa ngokusebenza okuhle. Wayengafakwa kaningi ezifundweni ezimbi, kwaze kwafika le nsizwa yokuzivocavoca edayiswe nguNikolai Sheposikov, okuwukuphela kwayo ku-Medalist yesiliva. Kakade-ke, iVitya yayithanda izincwadi, futhi imisebenzi yakhe yanyatheliswa kumagazini "intwasahlobo".
Ngakho-ke, lapho sekuyisikhathi sokukhetha umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo, okuthandwa yi-Felogilogilogical Conficial of the St Petersburg University. Ngalesi sikhathi, iShklovsky yafunda okuningi, okuthinte ukwakheka kwesitayela sakhe.
Ngokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II, uVictor waya kwivolontiya ephambili. Waqhubeka nokuba nentshisekelo ezincwadini, ezamlethela uYuri Tyanyanov noBoris Eikenbaum, uShkksky wagcina esekusungule yena nesikole saseRussia. Ezindabeni zabo "ukuvuswa kwegama elithi" nelithi "ubuciko njengokwamukela", umlobi wabeka imiqondo eyisisekelo yenkomba entsha futhi wachaza ukwamukelwa kokususwa, lapho kudalwa khona izinto ezijwayelekile.
Esikhathini sesikhathi sempi, umfana wayeyilungu le-February Revolution, elalihlanganisa ekomitini leSlare Armored Division futhi ligxile emkhandlwini wePetrograd. Ngaphambili, wakhombisa amandla nesibindi lapho ehola iqembu ekuhlaselweni ngaphansi komlilo wesitha. Lolo suku, uVictor walinyazwa esiswini, kodwa waqhubeka nokukhuthaza amasosha, naphezu kobuhlungu negazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, wanikezwa iSt George Cross.
Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kabusha, iShklovsky yabamba iqhaza ekuphumeni kwamasosha aseRussia avela ePheresiya. Lapho ebuyela ePetrograd, le nsizwa yajoyina u-Esramen, ngenxa yalokho okwashushiswa. Umlobi ubecashe esibhedlela i-Psychiatric eSaratov, wabe eseya eKiev futhi waba yilungu lomzamo ohlulekile ngokugumbuqelwa kwe-Pavel Scoropads.
Ngenxa nje yesicelo se-maxim gorky, uphenyo ngecala kumiswe. Okwesikhashana, indoda ethile ifunda izinkulumo emcabangweni wezincwadi ngaphansi kwendlu yokushicilela ethi "Izincwadi Zomhlaba", kamuva waba nguprofesa waseRussia Institute of Art Theory.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ebusheni bakhe, umbhali washada noVasilis Korde, owamnika izingane ezimbili. Indodana kaNikita yafa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, indodakazi kaVarvara yayishade no-Efim Lieberman, owazala indlalifa, wabe esebangela imbongi uNikolai Panchenko. Umfazi wesibili waba ngumlobi waba nguSharafi, athola ngayo injabulo empilweni yakhe.Izincwadi
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1920, iShkhsky yahlanganyela ngenkuthalo ezifundweni zemibhalo, yabhala izincwadi nezindatshana ezishicilelwe ebhukwini ama-Angle Omagazini kanye "ne-Art House". Ngaphansi kwethonya lakhe, kwasungulwa iqembu labafowethu abathi "Erapionees Brothers", imihlangano yabo kwesinye isikhathi yayikhona.
Lapho ukuboshwa kweSerc ngeviki kuvuselelwa futhi, lo profesa waphoqeleka ukuba aphunyuke futhi athuthele ezweni eFinland, abese eJalimane. Kwakungesikhathi sokuphila eBerlin "uhambo lokuzwela" oludumile "lwalubhaliwe, olunikeze ukuqala kwe-autobiographical trilogy.
Incwadi yesibili yomjikelezo "Zoo, noma cha mayelana nothando" yadalwa ngemuva kokubuyela eRussia. Kususelwa ekubhaleni izincwadi kanye nodadewabo omncane uLily Brick Elza Tyole, lapho umlobi engafaneleki othandweni. Uqede i-Trilogy "ifektri yesithathu", eyagcwalisa i-bibliography ngo-1926.
Ngemuva kokuthola ithuba lokubuyela e-USSR, le ndoda yaphoqeleka ukuba ihlale eMoscow. Lapho, wabhala iqoqo "i-akhawunti yeHamburg" futhi waqala ubungane noVladimir Mayakovsky, ayekhona naye eqenjini le-Lef. Umbhali waqhubeka nokuphila impilo esebenzayo futhi wayengumhlanganyeli ezingxoxweni zemibhalo.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, uViktor Borisovich usuka emibonweni yokuhlelekile, anikezela ngayo isihloko esithi "Isikhumbuzo Sesikhumbuzo." Waqhubeka nokumemezela njalo, eyenziwa njengomgxeki obhaliwe. Ikakhulu, umbhali wajoyina ama-etals of boris Pasternak, alahlwa ngawo.
Emdala, iShkhsky yaba nentshisekelo emcabangweni we-cinema, wasebenzisana nethelevishini, owalungiselela uhlelo "- wayenabo". Izindatshana zakhe zaleso sikhathi zazibonisa isithakazelo emsebenzini we-classics, kubandakanya noFedor Dostoevsky noLion Tolstoy.
Ukushona
UCrude uqhekekile ushone ngoDisemba 1984 eMoscow, imbangela yokufa yayibuthakathaka. Ithuna lakhe litholakala emathuneni aseKuntsevsky. Ngenkumbulo yombhali, imisebenzi, izithombe namazwi, izingcaphuno zokungafi zihlale.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1914 - "Ukuvuswa Kwegama"
- 1914 - "Hola Põrot"
- 1923 - "Zoo. Izincwadi ezingekho ngothando noma i-eloise yesithathu, "Berlin," Helikon "
- Ngo-1924 - "Uhambo Oluthalayo"
- 1926 - "Ifektri Yesithathu"
- Ngo-1926 - "Inhlanhla kanye nomonakalo kuMaxim Gorky"
- 1928 - "I-Akhawunti yeHamburg"
- Ngo-1930 - "mfushane, kepha indaba ethembekile mayelana ne-bolotov yomsindo"
- Ngo-1931 - "Marco Polo Scout"
- Ngo-1937 - "Amanothi kuPushkin Prose"
- 1944 - "Imihlangano"
- Ngo-1964 - "Waphila -
- Ngo-1965 - "Iminyaka engamashumi amane. Izindatshana zeCinema »
- 1973 - Eisenstein
- 1981 - "Amandla okukhohlisa"