I-Biograge
UClaude Shannon - I-American edale iSayensi "ethi" I-Algebra ihlole "umculo, kodwa futhi nokuxhumana, imidlalo, amasistimu angokomzimba. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, umnikelo kaShannon ekwakhiweni kwekhompyutha ulingana nomnikelo woMdali wezinhlamvu ezincwadini.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umbhali we- "Logic Algebra" wazalwa ngosuku lokuqala ngo-1916 emndenini weMichigan Lawyer Claude Shannon - Abadala nothisha, ngokushesha waba ngumqondisi wesikole, uMabel Wolf. Imijondolo yayihlala edolobheni laseGailaord, elibizwa ngokuthi yi-American Alpine Village, kepha lavela ekukhanyeni kukaClaude Junior esibhedlela sedolobha laseSeaside SPA Town lasePetoski.
Udadewabo omdala womfana kaCatherine, kamuva owaba nguprofesa wezibalo, wanikeza umfowabo ukuthi axazulule amaphazili anyatheliswa komagazini nasezincwadini. Umsebenzi wokubhala owuthandayo kaClaude kwakuyindaba ka-Edgar ngokwebhungane legolide. Ihlatshwe umxhwele kakhulu ngumfundi osemusha, umugqa womseki wokuwohloka kombhalo wesandla, owawela ezandleni zomlingiswa. Ukubonakaliswa kweShannon ekwakhiweni kwama-CIPHERS kanye nokuhlelwa kwazo kamuva kwakha isisekelo sendatshana yakhe "inkolelo-mbono yokuxhumana kwezinhlelo eziyimfihlo".
Enye inkanuko kaClaude kwakuwukudalwa kwamadivayisi wokuzenzela, azuze umkhulu wakhe, emshinini wokuwasha ongenalutho kanye namadivayisi amaningi asetshenziswa kwezolimo kanye nasezilwaneni. Osemusha wadala i-telegraph phakathi kwezindlu zakhe kanye nekhaya lomngane wakhe, waklama ithoyizi lamathoyizi angaphansi komsakazo, wenqatshwa kaninginingi futhi wathuthukisa ukuxhumana komsakazo esitolo sendawo.
Ukungakwazi ukukhetha phakathi kwendlovukazi yesayensi kanye nobunjiniyela bogesi, lo mfo wathola iziqu ze-bachelor kuzo zombili lezi zinto ezikhethekile eyunivesithi. Emusha wakuqala, uClaude wakwazi ukusebenza njengenxusa eWestern Union, kepha ngemuva kokuthola imfundo ephakeme ngo-1936, uShannon wathatha isikhundla somphenyi wabasizi eMassachusetts Astitute.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Isazi sezibalo sashada kabili. Umshado wokuqala ngokujwayelekile kwe-levor, umJuda wobuzwe, uhlala unyaka. Owayengumfazi wangaphambilini kaShanson ngemuva nje kwesehlukaniso wathola injabulo empilweni yakhe uqobo ngentatheli nombhali wesikrini uBen Benzman. Into evamile yabeletha umlingani wesibili wezingane eziyisikhombisa. Kumafilimu adubule emibhalweni ye-barizmen, u-Anthony Quinn, uJean-Louis Trentinyang noPhilippe Noyra.Umfazi wesibili nowokugcina kaShannon waba nguMariya Elizabeth Moore, ahlangana naye eBella Labhoratri. UClaude noBetty banikela izingane ezinganeni ezintathu - amadodana uRobert James no-Andrew Muru namadodakazi uMargarita Katera.
Umculo owuthandayo wesosayensi wayeyi-jazz yakudala, nesitsha esithandekayo - i-vanilla ice cream ene-chocolate mousse. Ngaphezu kokusungulwa kanye nomhlangano wamagajethi, uClaude wayethanda ukujula, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile nokulungiswa kabusha. Kwezinye izithombe, uShannon ubanjwa ngeshubhu lokubhema noma ugwayi.
Izinto ezimbili azikaze zibe nentshisekelo kumsunguli - Ipolitiki nenkolo. Ngokungafani nesayensi yaseNorbert Wiener, uClaude akakaze enze izitatimende zezepolitiki ngokumelene nempi yesayensi nokutshala izimfihlo zendawo yonke.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Ngokwenza imisebenzi yopharetha wekhompyutha ye-analog eyenziwe nguMento kaNyuvesi uWenivar Bush, le nsizwa yabona ukuthi ama-theores wezibalo ayasebenza ebunjiniyela bakagesi. Ukutholwa kukaShannon kwakha isisekelo se-Master's Dissertation ka-1937, enikezelwe ekuhlaziyeni kokushintshwa kukagesi. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kuvela iyunithi yokulinganisa imininingwane ye-bits.
Okunye ukutadisha okubalulekile kwangaphambi kwempi kaClaude kwakuyindlela yokuqamba ngezindlela ze-algebraic ezifundweni zezakhi zofuzo. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, usosayensi osemsebenzini wezokuvikela e-US wathuthukisa uhlelo lokuphathwa komlilo futhi kanye neBritish Mathemating Alan Turing esebenza ngokubethela kanye nokuhlehlisa.
Ngo-1949, uShannon, kanye noWarren Weaver, wathuthukisa imodeli yokuxhumana yezibalo echaza ukudluliswa okuqondile kwemiyalezo. Umthombo wolwazi kumele ube ne-transmitter, nomukeli owemukelayo. Kunesiginali phakathi kwe-transmitter nalowo owemukelayo.
UShannon wethula umqondo wolwazi lokuhlanekezela imisindo yokuhlanekezela imininingwane ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, usebenzisa isigaba sefilosofi sefilosofi "entropy" ngokuhlushwa kwayo. Amacebo ahlongozwe nguShannon noWeaver asuselwa kwisayensi yekhompyutha kanye nama-cybernetics.
Iningi lemisebenzi yeClaude inikelwe emcabangweni wemidlalo, kanye nokusungulwa - uhlelo lokusebenza lwayo olusebenzayo. Ngemuva kokuhlola i-algorithm yokudlala Chess, usosayensi wathuthukisa izinhlelo zekhompyutha zeRobot Chess Player, nakuma-50s ekhulu lama-20, wadala insiza, "Imicabango yokufunda" lapho edlala ".
Ukushona
Ubaba wemfundiso yezokuxhumana efa ngoFebhuwari 24, 2001. Imbangela yokufa kukaClaude kwakuyimiphumela yesifo i-Alzheimer's. Iminyaka yokugcina kaShannon echithwa e-Massachusetts yasekhaya yabahlengikazi. Kuze kube manje, amandla avunyelwe, usosayensi wabamba iqhaza esifundweni sezimbangela nemiphumela yesifo esibuhlungu ukushaya ubuchopho asebekhulile. Kuze kube yimizuzu yokugcina yokuphila kukaClaude, amalungu omndeni amnakekela.Ukukhumbula
- Ukuhlonipha izibalo okuthiwa i-asteroid 18838 Shannon
- Ukuhlonipha usuku lokuzalwa lwe-100 lokuzalwa kukaClaud Shannon lwenziwe i-logo-dudle enjini yokusesha ye-Google
- Kunomklomelo weShannon, futhi uShannon ngokwakhe wayengowokuqala uLaureate
- Ngemuva kokuwa kohlelo lwensimbi, ilabhorethri, elalihlala nenhlangano ye-AT & T Corporation, yaqanjwa ngokuthi uShannon Labs
- Kunezithombe eziyisithupha zikaClinn Claud, futhi zonke zenziwa yiSculptor Eugene Dump futhi zifakwe emanyuvesi ahlukahlukene naku-US Laboratories.
Impumelelo Yesayensi
- Kungumsunguli wethithololongo yolwazi olusetshenzisiwe ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokuxhumana zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme.
- Unikeze imiqondo eyisisekelo yokuthi ngokwakhe isisekelo sobuchwepheshe besimanje bokuxhumana.
- Ngo-1948, wahlongoza ukusebenzisa igama elithi "bit" ukukhombisa iyunithi elincane kakhulu lemininingwane.
- Izindatshana zeShannon zithathwa njengezibalulekile emcabangweni wolwazi ne-cryptography.
- Owokuqala wakha izisekelo zethiyori ze-cryptography futhi wethulwa ekucabangeni kwemibono eminingi eyisisekelo.
- UShannon wenza umnikelo osemqoka emcabangweni wezinhlelo zokuhlehlisa, imfundiso yemidlalo, umbono we-Automata kanye nethiyori yezinhlelo zokulawula - amasimu eziyensi afakiwe emcabangweni we- "Cybernetics".
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1937 - "Ukuhlaziywa kophawu lokudluliselwa nokushintsha amaketanga"
- 1940 - "" I-Theoretical algebra "
- 1948 - "" Izibalo zokuxhumana theory "
- Ngo-1949 - "Umqondo wokuxhumana ezinhlelo ezimfihlo"
- 1949 - "Ukuxhumana nomsindo"