I-Ludwig Wittgenstein - isithombe, i-biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, imbangela yokufa, isazi sefilosofi

I-Biograge

I-Ludwig Wittgenstein - Isazi sefilosofi sasePhilososher sase-Austrian XX, esiye sathuthukisa umbono wolimi oluphelele. Kwakususelwa ku-Mathematical Logic. Umbhali wesosayensi ungumnikazi we-athomism onengqondo.

Ubuntwana nentsha

ULudwig wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 26, 1889 eVienna. Umfana waphenduka omncane wezingane eziyisishiyagalombili zensimbi kanye nomlingani wakhe. Ubaba wayehlelele ukukhula emadodaneni ezimboni ezivelele zezimboni futhi akazange athethe imfundo yesikole, ngakho-ke ebuntwaneni bafunda ekhaya.

I-Wittgenstein-Sr. Kwakungumuntu onokhahlo futhi ongenalwazi, owayeziphatha kabi izihlobo zakhe. Abantu abathathu kwabahlanu bazibulala. UMfowethu Ophakeme uHans wabheka ubuhlakani. Ngo-1902, waphunyuka e-United States futhi washona ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaqondakali.

Ngo-1904, uRudi, umfundi we-Chemicty Facty of the Berlin Academy, wazibulala emgqomeni, ephuza ubisi nge-clanium potassium. Ngokweminye imininingwane, wayengongqingili futhi ekhathazeke kakhulu ngokufa komngane. UKurt wayala impi yase-Austrian ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yokuqala. Leli phoyisa lidutshulwe labulawa ekwindla ka-1918.

Umzali wathambisa futhi wavumela uLudwig ngokuqeqeshwa kukaPawulu esikoleni sikahulumeni. Isazi sefilosofi esizayo savalwa, sasingakhombisanga impumelelo ezifundweni zakhe futhi ngobunzima bathola ulimi olujwayelekile nontanga.

I-Wittgenstein yaba nentshisekelo ku-Engineering and Aviation System, njengomfundi we-Technische Hochschule Berlin. Ngo-1908, wathola idiploma e-University of Manchester Victoria. Umzuzu wesithonjana e-biography kaLudwig kwakuwukujwayelana nemisebenzi ye-Gotoba Frege, etholwa enecala lokucabanga ngezinkambiso zefilosofi ze-mathematics kanye nengqondo.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

UWittgenstein wahlanganisa ubudlelwano bezothando nabo bobabili abesifazane nabesilisa. Ukusiza udade ekwakhiweni kwendlu eVienna kusukela ngo-1926 kuya ku-1928, wahlangana neSweden Margarita ehlala. Eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala, le ntombazane yaqhubeka idlulisela indlela yokuphila ye-ascetic yomlingani, kodwa utshani bokugcina kwakuwuhambo oluya eNorway. Kuyo, okuhlanjululweni kwabona ukuthi wayengeke abe ngumfazi wesazi sefilosofi, wamshiya.

Phakathi kwabakhethiweyo, uLudwig ubizwa ngokuthi i-David Pinsman, uFrancis Skinner, umlingani wakhe ngawo-1930s, noBen Richards, ovele empilweni yomuntu siqu yase-Austrian ngawo-1940.

Ifilosofi

Ngo-1911, uWittgenstein wangena eCambridge, lapho ayengumsizi nomngane kaBerran Russell.

Ngemuva kokufa kukaYise ngo-1913, le nsizwa yayiphakathi kwabaseYurophu kakhulu. Wahlukanisa isimo phakathi kwezihlobo, nenye imali enikelwe kwizibalo zokudala. ULudwig ngokwakhe wasusa phansi endlini ye-rustic esigodini saseNorway sase-Skoddon futhi wabhala umsebenzi obizwa ngokuthi "amanothi ku-Logic".

Izifundo zakhe zazihlanganiswa nemibono ngezimali zolimi. Ubuye waphakamisa maqondana nama-tautology ngemisho njengeqiniso, nokuphikisana - njengamanga noma ukungababalali kwenye yezigaba.

Ngo-1914, uWittgenstein washiya ivolontiya ngaphambili. Ngemuva kweminyaka eli-3, wathumba futhi ngesikhathi sesiphetho wabhala "inkomba yefilosofi yefilosofi." Umsebenzi washicilelwa ngo-1921. Waphumelela emphakathini waseYurophu ochwepheshe. Ngesikhathi, uLudwig wayesesebenze njengothisha esikoleni sasemakhaya.

Imisebenzi yokufundisa isikhashana emsebenzini njengomgcini wegadi esigodlweni sezindela. Lapho-ke usosayensi waphinda futhi wabandakanyeka e-pedagogy esikhungweni semfundo eduze kweTrittenbach. Lapha wabhala incwadi entsha - Isichazamazwi sezingane sokubiza amagama kanye nesipelingi, esiphenduke umsebenzi wesibili womlobi, eshicilelwe ekujuleni okugcwele.

Ngo-1926, wabuyela emsebenzini "wecala elinengqondo-lefilosofi", ngoba ethola ukuthi wayehunyushwe ngokungafanele, kanti ezinye zezahlulelo ezichazwe zazingalungile. Umsebenzi kaWittgenstein uhlanganise ama-aphorisms ayisikhombisa angezelwe izincazelo.

Umqondo oyinhloko ubunikazi besakhiwo esinengqondo solimi nokwakheka komhlaba. Ngokuqonda umsunguli wethiyori awekho ezintweni, kodwa emaqinisweni. Iziphakamiso ziba amayunithi ezilimi. Ngokuya nalomqondo, ulimi lungaphansi kwemithetho ye-logic futhi lungahlelwa ngokusemthethweni, kanye neziphakamiso ezithi le mithetho yephulwa akunanjongo. Enye yezingcaphuno ezibalulekile zeRelise Read:

"Okungenakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngalokho kufanele kuthule."

Kamuva, iWittgenstein inemibono emisha eveza ulimi njengohlelo olushintshayo lwezimo lapho kuvela khona ukuphikisana. Ngokusekelwe emcabangweni ovuselelwe, umsebenzi wefilosofi kwakuwukudala imithetho ecacile yokusebenzisa amayunithi olimi nokuqothula ukuphikisana.

Njengomsunguli wokugeleza kwefilosofi yolimi, uLudwig Wittgenstein waba nethonya elikhulu ekwakhekeni kwefilosofi ye-Anglo-American Analytical Filosophy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesisekelo semibono yakhe, umbono we-positivism onengqondo wadalwa. Ochwepheshe babheka umnikelo omkhulu ku-Logic ngakwelinye usosayensi "kumanothi akhe wombala", lapho kwakukhona inkulumo ekhuluma ngemidlalo yolimi. Ukuqhubeka kososayensi kwakufunwa ezweni lakubo nakwamanye amazwe. Isazi sefilosofi saseSoviet u-Alexander Zinoviev futhi wanxusa ucwaningo lwakhe.

Ngo-1929, i- "Logic-Filosophical Partise" yaqala njenge-dissentation eCambridge. I-Wittgenstein yathola umfundisi ekolishi le-Trinity College.

Ngemuva kuka-ANCHLUS ngo-1938, usosayensi waba yisakhamuzi saseJalimane. Ngokuya ngomthetho waseNuremberg, kwahlukaniswa owesilisa njengomJuda. Isazi sefilosofi kanye nezihlobo zakhe babephakathi kwabambalwa balabo u-Adolf Hitler babenesimo esikhethekile sobuhlanga. Lokhu kwathonywa yisimo namathuba wezezimali womndeni. Ngo-1939, uLudwig wathola ukuba yisakhamuzi saseBrithani.

Ngalesi sikhathi, usosayensi ufunda izinkulumo ezikhungweni ze-mathematics nefilosofi eCambridge, ukuthi ngemuva kwesizinda sezimpi zempi zabonakala kungabekezeleleki. Ngo-1941, wazinza eSanitar esibhedlela saseLondon. UWittgenstein wahlanganyela ekulethweni kwezidakamizwa ezivela emakhemisi ngaphansi kwegama lokungazi futhi wasala esikhungweni se-Incognito.

Ngo-1947, isazi sefilosofi sakhuluma nozakwabo abavela e-Oxford emphakathini kaJowetta. Ushiye e-University of Cambridge futhi wagxila emisebenzini yokubhala. Njengoba evakashele i-Ireland, uLudwig wahlala e-Connemy. Ngo-1949 bavakashela eNew York, baba nabangane abaqondisiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, wabhala "izifundo zefilosofi", enyatheliswa ngo-1953. Inkulumo encwadini yayisimayelana nokuhlolwa okubizwa nge- "Beetle ebhokisini". Umqondo wocwaningo waphoqeleka ukuba ucabange ngohlobo lolimi nefomethi yokuveza imibono mayelana nomhlaba.

Ukushona

Isazi sefilosofi safa ngo-Ephreli 1951. Imbangela yokufa yayingumdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Usosayensi wangcwatshwa emisebeni yamaKatolika eCambridge, hhayi kude neChapel of St Egidia. Izincwadi zakhe "uGenesise kanye nesikhathi", "ekuthembekeni" kwabanye banyathelisa kahle.

I-Ludwig Wittgenstein yenziwe idayari, futhi abantu abaseduze befilosofi besokunxele amanothi nama-ndoir, achaze ubuwena nomkhuba wakhe. URay Monk utshele ngempilo yase-Austrian encwadini ethi "Gener Genius." Izithombe zomcwaningi namuhla zingatholakala ezincwadini ze-ART kanye nezincwadi zeFilosofi.

Izilinganiso kanye nama-aphorisms

• "Kulokho konke okubonakala sengathi akukhona ukuthi akukulandeli lokho."
• "Elinye lamathalente abaluleke kakhulu alimazeki yizingqinamba ongazikhathazi."
• "Umhlaba uyinhlanganisela yamaqiniso, hhayi izinto."
• "Okushiwo ngokujwayelekile kufanele kukhulunywe ngokucacile; Mayelana nento efanayo engakwazi ukusho ukuthi ithule. "
• "Ithalente lisentwasahlobo, lithwele wonke amanzi amasha. Kepha le ntwasahlobo iyadonsa uma ikujabulela ayilungile. "

I-Bibliography

• 1913 - "Amanothi we-Logic"

• Ngo-1921 - "I-Logic-Filosophical Photosse"
• Ngo-1929 - "Amazwana amaningana ngefomu elinengqondo"
• 1953 - "Izifundo zefilosofi"
• 1956 - "Izimvo mayelana nezisekelo zezibalo"
• 1958 - "Blue Book"
• 1958 - "Incwadi Ensundu"
• 1980 - "Izinkulumo Nezingxoxo Mayelana Nobuhlungu, Psychology Nenkolo"