I-Biograge
USergey Rubinstein ungumuntu wokuqala wezengqondo owanikezwa ukhetho yilungu elihambisanayo le-USSR Academy of Science. I-Merit of Sergey Leonidovich iyinhlangano yesayensi yesayensi yezengqondo nefilosofi, ukudalwa komqondo womsebenzi (indlela yomsebenzi). Umsebenzi wakhe "izisekelo ze-General Psychology" ngo-1942 wanikezwa umklomelo we-stalinist.Ubuntwana nentsha
Usosayensi wazalwa ngo-June 1889 e-Odessa emndenini wommeli uLeonid (Lazari) uRubinstein nonkosikazi wakhe uPolina. USergey wayenabafowethu abathathu, udumo olukhulu kunabo bonke obekutholwe ngalo uNikolai, ebhala incwadi "mlando waseRussia,.
Ebusheni bakhe, inhloko yomndeni yayingabangani noGeorgy Plekhanov, futhi abanobuhlakani be-Odessa bavame ukuqoqwa endlini kaRubinstein. Kodwa-ke, imizwa yezenkolo kanye nezingxoxo zabangani bakaSergey uBaba zibuhlungu. Udokotela wezengqondo wabhala ngalokhu emibhalweni kuya kwi-autobiography. IMarxism yayinentshisekelo kule nsizwa njengesiqondisi esizokwenza, kepha njengenye yezinhlelo eziningi zefilosofi. Umqondo wokudliwa kwemali kwezinzuzo zomndeni wokuphathelene wawungalungile.
Eminyakeni engu-19, uSergey ngendondo yegolide ethweswe iziqu ze-Richelian Gymnasium. Kodwa-ke, eNovorossiysk (Odessa), i-University of Medanist yenqabile, ngoba yayikholelwa ukuthi izingane zaseNouveurish zifunda kakhulu kule yunivesithi.
Ukukhethwa kwensizwa enesiphiwo yawela e-University of Freiburg. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwama-2 semesters, u-Odessa adluliselwe eNyuvesi yaseMorderburg, eyasungulwa ngo-1527 nguFiliphu ophanayo. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuvikelwa kwe-Sergey Factolis Thesis, kwaqala impi yezwe yokuqala.
URubinstein wabuyela ku-Odessa futhi waqala ukufundisa ezindaweni zokuzivocavoca zedolobha elimnyama lolwandle. Eminyakeni engama-30, ngosizo lukaNikolay Lange, uSergey Leonidovich waba nguprofesa wangasese weNyuvesi wenqatshwa nguye ebusheni bakhe. Inyuvesi ngo-1919 yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Odessa Institute of National Education.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ububanzi bomphefumulo kaSergei Leonidovich babonakaliswa eqinisweni lokuthi izazi zefilosofi kanye nezengqondo zebhubesi vygotsky, u-Alexander Luria, uGregory Roginsky, wacela izinkulumo nezingqungquthela. Abangani baka-Odessa bendabuko kwakunguMqondisi uSergey Eisenstein kanye nodokotela we-leon orbelli.Izimfanelo zomuntu zikaRubinstein zazivezwa kakhulu ngesikhathi se-leningrad. Ama-Odessans athuthela edolobheni eNeva ngo-1930 futhi ngokushesha ahoxile eMnyangweni wezengqondo weLeningrad Pedagogical Institute ogama lakhe ngo-Alexander HELEZZ. USergey Leonidovich wayehlala efulethini lokulala egumbini lokulala amabili emgwaqweni wegadi.
URubinstein wasala edolobheni elivinjezelwe kuze kube ngoMashi 1942, yize usosayensi ethola iziphakamiso zokuphuma ekuqaleni. Ngomfundi othweswe iziqu ngokufa ngenxa yendlala, usosayensi wabelana ngengxenye ye-blockade soldering. Inhloko yokuphepha kweSikhungo uSergey Leonidovich yambuzela ukuthi amfundise ukudubula, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka uma kwenzeka ekwenzeni isimo sokuzivikela seLeningrad ukubulala amaNeningrad ukubulala ama-nazis anamehlo amabi).
Incwadi ehlukene yengqondo
URubinstein waphikisa ukuthi zonke izinhlangothi zomuntu zivela maqondana nomuntu ngamunye ukuze zisebenze, emisebenzini yazo, futhi ubuntwana bawo buhlanganisa amabutho angokomoya abantu. Kodwa-ke, yizikhathi ze-nodal kuphela zama-biografidi omhlengeli womuntu ahlehlisela uphawu lomlingiswa walo. Ukuthethelela umgomo wobumbano wokwazi kanye nomsebenzi, uSergey Leonidovich waqeda mpikiswano ephansi ngokwesilinganiso sokucabanga nokuziphatha.
Ukuhlaziya ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane, udokotela wezengqondo owabelwe izigaba ezimbili ukwenza inkulumo yengane, okokuqala ingane ifuna ukuqonda okushiwo amazwi abantu abadala, kanti okwesibili kufisa ukuveza izifiso zazo nemibono kubo. USergey Leonidovich ugcizelele ukubaluleka kwendlela esebenzayo yomfundi eyazi kahle ulwazi, amakhono namakhono.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko kaRubinstein ihlala isebenza ngekhulu le-XXI. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu ukuphindiselwa "kwezisekelo ze-General Psychology" ngendlu yokushicilela "AST" ngo-2020.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni engama-40s ngasekupheleni kwalesi sigameko soMzabalazo weStalinist noRubinstein's Cosmopolitanism, osolwa 'ngokukhonza kowesinye isizwe', asuswe kuzo zonke izikhundla, izihloko zososayensi azizange ziphrintiwe. USergey Leonidovich, ophambene nengcindezi ehambisanayo neyengqondo, esebenza encwadini ethi "Ukuba Nokwazi". Ngo-1954, usosayensi ubuyise ezikhundleni.Kodwa-ke, ukushushiswa kwakungasekho uSergey Leonidovich. NgoJanuwari 1960, kwafa umuntu ngokuzumayo. Imbangela yokufa eRubinstein's Biographies ayicaciswanga. Usosayensi ungcwatshwe emathuneni eNovodevichy eMoscow.
Iqiniso Elithakazelisayo: URubinstein okukhulunywe ngawo ekufeni ngaphandle kokwesaba, ubufakazi balokhu - isilinganiso esivela encwadini yefilosofi "umuntu nokuthula":
"Ababili basempilweni ama-pores amahle - iminyaka yobusha kanye nokuqeda impilo. Waphinda wadida imizwa. Ukuqhekeka okukhulu ... "Ukuqinisekiswa okuqondile kwempilo yomuntu siqu engasunguli i-Sergey Leonidovich, ukuntuleka komfazi wendoda nezingane ukuthi eShethe lakhe ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu kwamngcwaba umlotha kaMfoweth 'uNicholas. Amagama neminyaka yokuphila kwama-odessans owaba ama-muscovites aqoshwe etsheni le-ntrestone.
Amacaphuna
- "Alikho ukuqwashisa okungenamkhawulo, okuqeda amandla."
- "Indlela yokuphila yezinkawu inquma isithombe sokwazi kubo."
- "Umuzwa wokuqonda oqondayo uwuphawu olungakhohlisa."
- "Ukwazi ubumbano lwezinhloso nenhloso."
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1922 - "Isimiso se-AMATEUR yokudala"
- Ngo-1934 - "Izinkinga ze-Psychology emisebenzini yeKarl Marx"
- 1940 - "Izisekelo ze-General Psychology"
- Ngo-1945 - "Izindlela kanye nezimpumelelo zeSoviet Psychology"
- 1957 - "Ukuba Nokwazi"
- 1958 - "Ngokucabanga nezindlela zocwaningo lwakhe"
- 1959 - "Izimiso Nendlela Yokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Psychology"
- 1973 - "Izinkinga ze-General Psychology" (Ukuqoqwa Kwezincwadi Zeminyaka Ehlukene)
- Ngo-1973 - "Umuntu nokuthula" (kwabhalwa ngo-1958)