I-Biograge
U-Alexander Marnesisco, wanikeza isihloko esihlonishwayo seqhawe laseSoviet Union, sasiyinduna yesikhundla se-3, umkhuzi wesikhumulo semikhumbi yedizili, esasimelela imikhumbi yeBaltic. Ngobusika bango-1945, ukufanele kwalo kwakuwukuhlinzwa, ngenxa yokuthi umkhuhlane wezempi wamasosha owayezungezwe, owayesezungezwe yi-liner yabagibeli "uWilhelm Gustloff".Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alexander Ivanovich Marnesis wazalelwa e-Odessa endlini yesisebenzi saseRomania nowesifazane owesizwe base-Ukraine emndenini wabampofu. Ubaba wayengumuntu ongumcimisi kanye namatilosi akhonza emikhakheni yezakhamuzi, ngakho-ke esebuntwaneni umfana wabelalela izindaba eziphathelene nemikhumbi.
Bazali, behlangene nomshado ekuqaleni kwawo-1910, baphila ngesizotha futhi abazalwa bangamakhulu abantu abasebenzayo. Umkhuzi wesikhathi esizayo walowo wangaphansi komhlaba, owahlala engaganwa, ubekhona enkampanini efanelekile eminyakeni yezingane ezingomakhelwane.
Ngawo-1920s, uShasha osemusha wafunda esikoleni samabanga aphezulu futhi wathola iziqu ekhadini eliyisithupha eliyisithupha ngeminyaka eyi-13. Lapho-ke, usebenzisa ubudlelwano bezihlobo, wahlalisa umsizi wamatilosi esitsheni, wamangalisa njalo emathuneni amnyama naku-Azov.
Ukuhlangenwe nakho okutholile kwasiza le nsizwa ukuba ingene esikoleni se-Sung Civil Fleet School futhi ingene esikoleni sase-nautical ngesibusiso sikaYise. Emva kokukhululwa esikhungweni, waba owesithathu, wabe esengumsizi wesibili ekaputeni we-Odessa Civil Ship.
Ozakwethu bakhumbula ukuthi u-Alexander wafuna ukunikela ngempilo yemikhumbi yokuhweba, futhi akazange acabange ngomsebenzi wezempi. Izimo ziye zathuthuka ngendlela yokuthi le ndoda yaduma ngale nkambu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngawo-1930s, uNina Cariukhina, owaba ngumkakhe kamuva wabonakala entandweni yomuntu siqu yomkhuzi wangaphansi wangaphansi komhlaba. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwendodakazi, uLeonora Marnesisco, owesilisa owayenomlingiswa onothando lwenkululeko, okwesikhashana.Ngesikhathi sempi, u-Alexander Ivanovich walahlekelwa ukuzethemba kwakhe koshade naye, ngoba wayehlala eqala amanoveli eceleni. Lo mndeni wahlukana, futhi umdanso wase-Odessa waqala ukuhlala nodumo lukaValentine, owaba ngunina kaMama kaTatiana.
Indlela yokulwa
Konke kwaqala ngeqiniso lokuthi ekwindla ka-1933 Marinesko kuKomsomol Puresuska yathunyelwa ezifundweni ezikhethekile zokwakhiwa komyalo kwemikhumbi esebenza futhi engaphansi. I-arsenal engaphansi kwamanzi yamandla aseSoviet asencane ayedinga abaholi abanolwazi.
IMarinesko - indoda ephakeme ephakathi, yayinengqondo ebukhali namakhono avelele, kodwa isiyalo sakhe saba khona ukuthi sifise. Naphezu kwalokhu, insizwa ejwayele ukuveza umbono wayo obala, yanqoba indawo yeziphathimandla futhi yathola isimilo esishibhile sabaqondisi.
Abaphothuli baqokwa esikhundleni sokuthumela kwe-Navigator Submarine SH-306 ("Pike"), okufakwe enggcawini yemikhumbi yeBaltic. Entwasahlobo yango-1936, lapho amabutho eSoviet ethula uhlelo lwezikhundla zezempi ezithambile, u-Alexander waba uLieutenant.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, iMarinesko yawa ithuba lokuya ezifundweni ezisungulwe yi-Kirovsky Red Banner Educational Council, evunyelwe ukuqala insizakalo ku-Submarine L-1 (i-Baby ").
Ekuqaleni kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, umkhumbi ongaphansi komhlaba, owayalwa nguMarnom, wathunyelwa enhlokodolobha yase-Estonia. Maphakathi nehlobo lika-1941, umkhumbi wabamba iqhaza ekulweni nokulwa eGulf of Riga futhi washeshe wathola umonakalo odinga ukulungiswa kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuphuma emachwebeni ngo-Agasti 1942, lo mkhumbiyile wangaphansi komhlaba waphula amacebo we-conving emikhunjini yesitha emihlanu, futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ama-M-96 Crew azihlukanisa ngesikhathi sokuthathwa okungaphumelelanga kwe-ERRCRTICTION DRIZLEDITE "Enigma". Imisebenzi kaMarinesko eminyakeni yokuqala yokulwa nokulwa namaFascist yaphawulwa ngokulandelana kukaLenin kanye nesihloko sekaputeni yesithathu.
Umkhuzi weSoviet ezikhathini zokungcebeleka ezinganakwa imithetho emisiwe, ngosuku lokuphuma okulandelayo olwandle athola inhlawulo yokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe. Le ndoda ayisuswanga emisebenzini yokulwa futhi yavunyelwa ukuthi ihlale kumuntu ongaphansi komhlaba ngezinjini ezimbili zedizili.
Ebusika, "ukuhlaselwa kwekhulu leminyaka" okudumile kwenzeka ebusika bokunqoba ngo-1945 - umkhumbi onamamaki e-C-13 wabhubhisa izitha ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Ithagethi kwakuyisibhedlela esintantayo se-German Fleet "Wilhelm Gustloff", owayengumgibeli wangaphambili maphakathi nama-30s.
Emva kwenyanga ngemuva kwale micimbi, ebekwe izazi-mlando njenge-feat, umjuluko wangaphansi komoya ujuluka "General Shtyben" lapho usondela e-GDAnsk Bay. Ukaputeni wesikhundla sesithathu, owaba isitha somuntu siqu seFuhrer, waxolelwa izihlalo ezedlule futhi wanikeza ukuhleleka kwesibhengezo esibomvu.
Umkhankaso wamasosha wokugcina kaMarnom waphela ngesehluleki esihle: Umkhuzi wasemanzini wawunomkhumbi waseJalimane, kodwa akakwazanga ukuhlasela. Izenzo zeqhawe lempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe labona ukungagculisi ngenxa yokuthi owangaphansi komhlaba akazange afeze umsebenzi wokulwa.
Igama lesidlaliso leNikolay Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetov kwaqala ukususwa kwe-Commander kusuka eposini nasekwehliseni isikhundla. Ongowokuzalwa e-Odessa abuyele kumkhuzi wabahambi futhi ahlala emikhunjini yeBaltic kuze kube yilapho exoshwa.
Ngemuva kwempi
Ngasekupheleni kwama-40s, uMarinesko wathatha indawo yekhanda lesiteshi sokumpontshelwa ngegazi esikhungweni sokucwaninga eLeningrad. Bese kuthi-ke wasolwa ngokungazelelwe ngokuthi "dinciting socialist kusho." Iqiniso lokuthi ukaputeni wesikhundla lesi-3 wagwetshwa ejele, kwabangela ukusabela okunzima kanye nentshisekelo yomphakathi ebanzi.Iqhawe lempi lalisebenza umusho edolobhaneni laseKhabarovsk Terrice, wajoyina uhambo olugcinwe ngokutadisha esifundeni saseThezhskyy-Ladoga. Ngawo-1950s, lapho izifundo zima, u-Alexander Ivanovich wahola le yunithi yokuhlinzekwa kwelinye lamabhizinisi aseLeningrad.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yamuva, uMarinesko uhlangabezane nezinkinga zempilo futhi washona ngenxa yokugula ngo-1963. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba, lo mkhumbi wangaphansi wangcwatshwa emathuneni ama-bogoslovsky eSt. Petersburg.
Isikhathi eside ithuna lomhlanganyeli 'lokuhlaselwa yikhulu leminyaka' laliqala ukwethulwa. Ngasekupheleni kwama-70s, abantu bakhumbula umkhuzi okhazimulayo, futhi abantu baqala ukuza lapho.
Eminyakeni yokwakhiwa kabusha, ngokuhleleka, uMikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev Amasosha avuselelwa kabusha futhi ahlonishwa isihloko seqhawe se-Soviet Union ngemuva. Emadolobheni anjengoKaliningrad, eKronstadt, u-Odessa neSengwane, izikhumbuzo kanye nemigwaqo nemigwaqo yavela ibizwa ngegama lombhali.
ESt. Petersburg, lapho kusungulwa amatilosi, imnyuziyamu yamandla angaphansi kwamanzi eRussia yadalwa. Lapho kufakwa okuchaziwe kwezithombe, imiklomelo kanye nemifula yamasosha yango-1941-1945, kanye nokuma ngama-biografikhi kanye namadayari wabahlanganyeli emikhankasweni enkulu.
-Zuzayo
- Iqhawe leSoviet Union
- Order of Lenin
- Ukuhleleka kwesibhengezo esibomvu
- Indondo "yokulwa nokufaneleka"
- Indondo "Yokuvikela Leningrad"
- Indondo "yokunqoba ngeJalimane Empini enkulu yokuthanda izwe ngo-1941-1945."
- Indondo "Ngenkumbulo yonyaka wama-250 we-Leningrad"
Ukukhumbula
- Igama A. I. Marnesisco ligqoka isikole se-Odessa sakhula.
- Izikhumbuzo u-A. I. Marmonsco zifakwe e-Odessa, Kaliningrad, Kronstadt, St. Petersburg naseLechwice.
- Impilo yaseMarinesko inikezelwe kumafilimu wezobuciko "abuyele ukuze akhohlwe", "okokuqala emva uNkulunkulu" no- "Gustloff".
- I-PPODEVIG A. I. Marmonco ichazwa ku-Roman Gunter Grass "Craba Trajectory".
- Eqhawe leqhawe leSoviet Union of the Captain of the 3rd of the 3rd of marinesko a.i. ngesikhumbuzo se-hero nesikhumbuzo esisedolobheni laseMikhailovsk esifubeni sokumisa.
- IMedali yeJubilee yeSikhumbuzo "iminyaka eyi-100 selokhu kwazalwa iqhawe leSoviet Union A. IMarnom".
- Ngo-1983, amabutho abafundi base-Odessa School No. 105 (I-Search Group "Memory of the Heart") yadalwa yimnyuziyamu ogama lakhe ngegama elithi A. I MARNESCO.