I-Biograge
Isazi sezengqondo uLeonid Zankov kusukela ngawo-1930s bafunda izici zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwezingane ezinokuphambuka ekuthuthukisweni. Ulwazi olunqwabelene nguYe lungumthombo obalulekile we-devectology yesimanjemanje ne-OligophRenopedagogic. Benginesifiso sososayensi kanye nabafana abaphilile - bacabanga ukuthi bakhumbula kanjani ukuthi iqiniso lilihlonipha kanjani. Umphumela weminyaka eminingi yokutadisha kwakuwuhlelo lwe-didactic ye-zankov, manje eyamukelekayo futhi enengqondo, futhi ngesikhathi se-USSR, ngobuqili.Ubuntwana nentsha
ULeonid Vladimirovich Zankov wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 23, 1901 eWarsaw, idolobha loMbuso WaseRussia. Ubuntwana bakhe badlula emndenini weSikhulu esizungezwe odade nabafowethu ababili. Izingane zafundiswa hhayi kuphela isayensi eyisisekelo - izibalo, isayensi yemvelo, umlando, kodwa nezilimi zakwamanye amazwe, ubuhlakani. Isazi sezengqondo esizayo sazibonakalisa emculweni kahle ikakhulukazi.
Isihloko esithandekayo seZankov sasiyizincwadi. Imizwelo yabangela ukuthi kungakasebenzi kangako ukusebenza njengokuhanjiswa kothisha, intshisekelo yakhe ekwakhekeni kwabafundi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthweswa iziqu kusuka endaweni yokuzivocavoca ngo-1916, uLeonid wacabanga ngothisha wesikhathi esizayo. Futhi masinyane wabona isifiso sakhe - waya eTurki, idolobhana laseTula esifundeni, wahlala esikoleni.
Ngo-1919, uZankov waqala wahlangana nentsha enzima. Ubhekise ikoloni lezolimo lezingane lesifundazwe saseTambov, lapho kwakukhona khona izithiyo. Kwakudingeka ukuzama kakhulu ukuthi kubethelele ngentshiseko, futhi nentshisekelo yokufunda. U-Leonid uphumelele kulolu daba.
Ngo-1920, wadluliselwa ku-colony "ye-Ostrovnya" yesifunda saseMoscow, lapho asebenza khona aze angeniswe e-Moscow State University ngo-1922.
E-Moscow State University, uLeonid Zankov wahlangana noMento wakhe uLvom Semenovich vygotsky. Wayeneminyaka engama-26 kuphela ubudala, futhi umfundi uneminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Abantu abasha babejwayelene kakhulu, bendawonye baqonda izisekelo nemiqondo ejulile ye-psychology. Ukufa komkhuhlane ngo-1934 uLeonid Vladimirovich wabona njengokulahlekelwa komuntu siqu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Empilweni yomuntu siqu yesazi sezengqondo kwakukhona indawo yabesifazane abathandekayo - unkosikazi ka-Anne Josephovna Malyutn, umculi odumile we-opera, nendodakazi yaseNatalia Leonidovna Zankova, waba yipiyano. Ubudlelwane bomndeni bubusa buqinile, buvumelana. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ekhaya, embuthanweni wezihlobo, uLeonid Vladimirovich angathola ukuthula futhi aphazamise emsebenzini.U-Anna Josephovna, owesifazane ocacisiwe, wamthanda kakhulu owakwakho. Izendawoso zabantu zonke zikhumbula ukuthi wamqoqa ngokucophelela kanjani ngesidlo sasekuseni nangesidlo sasemini, njengoba ihembe lodokotela wezengqondo lalibukeka limnandi. Lokhu, ngendlela, kuyabonakala ezithombeni. Udlale indima yakhe nobuhlakani bakhe bokuzalwa kukaLenid Zankov - akakwazanga ukukhokhela ukuzosebenza.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Ngenxa yezizathu zenhloso, izinga lokuzala kwezingane ngokuphambuka e-USSR laliphezulu. Ososayensi baye babona umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukwakha umqondo oyingqayizivele wokufunda kwabo nentuthuko yabo. Ngalesi sihloko, uLeonid Zankov wenza umnikelo obalulekile kwisayensi.
Izinto zocwaningo lwaKhe zazibuyisiwe ngokwengqondo, izithulu, zithule futhi zinenqanaba elincishisiwe lokuhlushwa kwezingane. Ngemuva kokukhuluma nabo, isazi senkondlo saphetha ngokuthi akunakwenzeka ukufundisa izingane ezijwayelekile nezikhethekile: ingane ngayinye idinga izimo zomuntu ngamunye ukwamukelwa kolwazi oluntofontofo. Izingane ezikhethekile, zibuka impumelelo yontanga yabo enethalente, zivaliwe futhi zidumele ngokwazo, kuyizakhiwo ezengeziwe ziqongelela ngokushesha.
Ngaphambi kukaLeonid Vladimirovich, bambalwa abantu abanake kakhulu abanaka ngokwengqondo. Nguye wabhala umsebenzi wokuqala oyisisekelo kuleso siphulelo, uchaze izimiso zokuthuthukisa ukufunda, okwakuqala ukukhuluma ngeqiniso lokuthi kufanelekile ukudala ukuhlukaniswa kwangemuva kwengqondo. Isazi sezengqondo sasibhekisisa kakhulu, ngoba lapho kungekho khona ukusatshalaliswa okujwayelekile, kepha ingane enamahloni kancane yayingena eqenjini lezimilo, nasezithunzini - ekilasini elijwayelekile.
Emisebenzini yakhe, uLeonid Zankov akazange afane neqiniso lokuthi izingane ezinokuphambuka ekuthuthukisweni ziyengelwa ontanga yazo, kodwa lokho, ngokwezimiso, kufanele zikhuphuke ngenye indlela. Ngakho-ke, lapho efundisa izingane ezibuyisiwe ngokwengqondo, ukugcizelelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo, ngoba kulo mkhakha wokucabanga ukwehluleka kwenzeka.
Kuyaphawuleka, kepha i-psychology yokukhulisa izingane nge-lag entuthukweni akuyona impumelelo enkulu kaLeonid Vladimirovich. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka imisebenzi yakhe yokuhamba ngezinyawo eye yathuthuka ohlelweni lomlobi we-didactic. Ngawo-1960, waqiniswa ngenkuthalo esikoleni samabanga aphansi.
Umnyombo wohlelo lwe-snan ukuthi ingane ngayinye ingumuntu ngamunye. Uhlelo lwesikole akufanele lwakhiwe ngokuya ngomgomo we-arithmetic average, futhi abafundi ababuthakathaka abadingi ukuqina ngokwezifiso kubafundi abahle kakhulu. Wonke umuntu angaba umpristi, uma uthola ulwazi emkhathini onethezekile nejubane.
ULeonid Zankov ugcizelela ukuthi izingane zidinga ukunikeza isikhathi sokuthola impendulo ngisho nasezihlokweni ezinzima kakhulu, zivumele ukuba zenze amaphutha futhi kungakuthuki. Ngeke kube khona umuzwa wolwazi, ochazwe othisha encwadini. Futhi kwikharikhulamu yesikole kuyadingeka ukwethula amakilasi asebenzayo - Fundisa isayensi yemvelo ngokwemvelo, futhi usebenzise izifundo zomculo enkundleni yemidlalo.
Indlela yomuntu ngamunye ebonakala inengqondo ngekhulu le-XXI, yayithathwa njengezisebenzayo e-USSR. Othisha abaningi kanye nezazi zezengqondo bagxeka uLeonid Vladimirovich. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, uhlelo lwe-didactic lwaqedwa. Uthole ukuphefumula kwesibili ngo-1996, abe yisifundazwe ngezimiso zikaDaniel Elkonin noVasily Davydov.
Kuze kube ngu-2014, cishe ama-30% ezikole azibandakanyekile ohlelweni lweSankov, khona-ke izincwadi zakhe zisuswa ohlwini lokuncoma ukuthi lusetshenziswe. Kepha othisha ababheka izindlela ze-devercolopologist kahle, basafundisa izingane emcabangweni wakhe ngengozi yabo nasengozini. Abantu abanomqondo ofanayo bahlanganisa isayithi elisemthethweni lokuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo.
Ukushona
ULeonid Zankov Chevetically wabiza impilo yakhe uqobo, wayesaba ukutheleleka. Kwakuyesabeka kakhulu ukuphinda isimo sempilo sebhubesi le-vygotsky, elishiswe yisifo sofuba.I-Biography kaLeonid Vladimirovich yaphela ngoNovemba 27, 1977. Imbangela yokufa imvelo kakhulu - isazi sezengqondo saphila ngonyaka wama-77. Isidumbu sakhe sangcwatshwa lapho kwethulwa amathuna aseMoscow (uzungu lwe-18). Itshe lethuna neZankov lihlukanisa umngane wakhe womshado. U-Anna Josephovna Malyuta ushone ngoJuni 19, 1998.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1935 - "Ama-Essays we-Psychology abuyela emuva engqondweni"
- Ngo-1944 - "Imemori ka-Schoolboy, i-psychology yakhe kanye ne-pedagogy"
- Ngo-1945 - "Izinkinga Zokukhuluma, Ukuphazamiseka Kwakhe Nokubiwa Kwakhe"
- 1949 - "Memory"
- 1958 - "Ukuhlanganiswa kwamagama othisha kanye nezindlela zokubonakala ekufundeni"
- 1960 - "Ukubona kanye nokwenza kusebenze abafundi ekufundeni"
- Ngo-1962 - "Ngendaba nezindlela zocwaningo lwe-didactic"
- Ngo-1963 - "Ekufundeni okuyisisekelo"
- 1968 - "Ama-Didactics Nokuphila"
- 1973 - "Izinketho ngazinye zokuthuthukisa izingane ezincane zesikole"
- 1975 - "Izingxoxo nothisha"
- 1975 - "Ukuqeqeshwa Nentuthuko"