I-Biograge
Umculi waseRussia konstantin Makovsky ekuqaleni wayengowesikole semfundo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wanxusa isitayela sakhe ngezici zokubonisa ubungqabavu, i-baroque kanye nakwamamuhla. Umdwebi washiya amagugu acebile, aqukethe ikakhulukazi imidwebo yohlobo nemidwebo yomlando. Imidwebo yakhe iboniswa emihlanganweni engcono kakhulu yaseRussia, kufaka negalari ye-Tretakov, imnyuziyamu yaseRussia kanye ne-hermitage.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Konstantin Egorovich Makovsky (ukugcizelela kusilabhasi sesibili segama) kwazalwa eMoscow ngoJuni 20, 1839 ngesitayela esidala. Kwabonakala sengathi wayemiselwe ukuba abe yi-biography yomculi. Shono uYise, yize aphatha abathandi, kodwa wanikezelwa empilweni yezobuciko. Le ndoda yasebenza nezimali, kepha umphefumulo wawungabalulekile enjabulweni yesikhathi esisezingenifu. Wafunda futhi eqoqa ukupenda, wenza ekwenziweni kwama-miniatures ethanjeni, wanakekela umsebenzi weTrasti emkhakheni wezobuciko.
Isibonelo, bekuphakathi kwabasunguli besikole saseMoscow sokupenda, isithombe sakwakhiwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwakhiwa futhi kwafakwa ohlwini kwiKhomishini ekwakhiweni kweSonto likaKristu uMsindisi. Indlu yakhe, ephakathi nendawo yaseMoscow, kwakuyindawo yokuhlangana yabaqambi, ababhali kanye nabadwebi ababevame ukuvakashela izikhathi zokugcina kanye nakusihlwa lapho. Iminyango ye-main yasendle yayihlala ivulekele abangane - abaculi bakaCharles Bryullov noVasily Tropinin.
Emihlanganweni yasekhaya yokudala, unkosikazi waseCornileevna, owahlukaniswa ngobuhle, ingqondo kanye nokuthukuthela okuhle, kwavalwa njalo emaqoqweni amahle okudala, okwakuyintandokazi emphakathini. Owesifazane wahlabelela ngokuphelele, ekhombisa ikhono phambi kwezivakashi futhi azihlanganyele nabafundi eMoscow Conservatory. Akumangazi ukuthi zonke izingane ezinhlanu zeMakov zibopha impilo ngobuciko. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuphela uMnu omncane wakhetha umsebenzi obamba iqhaza, futhi uSasha, kolya, uKostya noVolyaDoa baba ngabaculi.
Ngenxa kamama konstantin, kusukela ebuntwaneni, waculwa wadlala upiyano, kepha inkanuko eyinhloko ibekwe kuyo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, umfana waqala ukufunda emakhosini esikole saseMoscow sokupenda, esibaziweyo kanye nokwakhiwa, lapho washeshe waba ngumfundi omuhle kakhulu. Abelusi abadumisayo, ukubamba iqhaza emibukini nasekunqobeni emiqhudelwaneni kugunyazwe kuphela ama-makovsky endleleni ekhethiwe. Ngo-1858, umdwebi wathuthela eSt. Petersburg ukuqhubeka nemfundo yakhe e-Imperial Academy of Arts, aphothula kubafundi bokuqala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMakovsky wayengumuntu okhangayo nobungqabavu. Ithalente, lijabule futhi linethembeke, lalithandwa ngabesifazane kanye ne-ballet destiny, futhi ngenxa yalokho impilo yakhe uqobo yayinesivunguvungu. Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi indodakazi yokuqala umdwebi weNatalia isivele izuze ngaphambi komshado. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi waphila futhi wakhuphula le ntombazane emndenini kaYise, akazange athole ubukhosi. Umshado wokuqala kaKonstantin kungekudala: Washada umlingisi u-Elena Burkova ngo-1866, kwathi iminyaka engu-6 kamuva, lowo oshade naye wabulawa yiChathek. Akazange aphile futhi unyaka owazalwa endodaneni eshadile uVladimir.Ngemuva konyaka, umjovo oneminyaka engu-35 ubudala wahlangana ebuhleni obuneminyaka engu-35 uJulia Skolkovoy futhi walinda ubudoda bakhe ukuba bashade ne-brunette ebunhle, eyaba yi-heroine yobuningi bomsebenzi wakhe. Umshado ojabulisayo wathatha iminyaka engama-20, kwazalwa izingane ezintathu, uSergey, u-Elena noVladimir. Emsebenzini weMakovsky, imidwebo yazo nayo ihlala endaweni ebalulekile.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indlu yomculi yayiyisitsha esiphelele, lapho kwakukhona khona umoya wothando, khona uthando lothando, injabulo nezobuciko, ngo-1898 kwenziwa isehlukaniso. Isizathu saba uthando olusha lukaKonstantin Elorovich, olugujwe nguYe eParis ngo-1891. UMaria Matavtina wayeneminyaka engaphansi kwama-30 ubudala, engazange avikele inoveli yazo ethandekayo, izithelo zazo ezaziyindodana eyayingumkhohlisi uKonstantin. UJulia Pavlovna akazange athethelele umyeni wakhe ukukhaphela, futhi wasuka wayophila kothandekayo omusha, owaba ngumkakhe osemthethweni ngemuva kwesehlukaniso. Ngaleso sikhathi, izingane ezintathu zazalwa zisebhangwini, nangemva kokuphela kweNyunyana, indodana kaNikolayi yavela emkhayeni.
Ngomndeni owedlule, uMakovsky wephule ukuxhumana, ngoba osanda kushada naye wayephikisana nokuxhumana kwakhe nezingane, futhi, wafuna ukupenda okuqinile kokuqukethwe kwawo. Izinkanuko namanoveli amunca ukunakwa okuningi kanye nemibutho yomculi, evumile:
"Bengikuthanda kakhulu impilo nabesifazane kakhulu, kungiphatha kabi ngokunikela ngobuciko."Ukudala
Kwabonakala sengathi ama-makovsky wonke anikezwa lula kakhulu. Akazange abe nobunzima bese uthola imali, kodwa ngombuso waba ngumculi okhokhelwa kakhulu wesikhathi sakhe. Imidwebo yomdwebi wezinhlungu, ngubani, ngempumelelo efanayo, yadala imidwebo ye-canvas engokomlando yaseCanvas naseChamber Vander Lyraitis ngempumelelo nangesidingo. Linganisa ifa leKonstantin Ezorovich futhi ayinakuqala kusaphila, okukhombisa ukuguquguquka kokuthandana kwakhe.
Kodwa-ke, izithombe ze- "Hawker" zisebenzisa udumo olukhulu kunawo wonke - ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu kubantu ubuhle obuboniswe kumhlobiso wendabuko waseRussia. Lo mjikelezo uhlanganisa umsebenzi "wetiye", "olwandle", "isoka elincane", "I-Charo Side".
UMakovsky wayethanda ukudala imidwebo emibhalweni yomlando, futhi wabhala ne-canvas esekelwe emicimbini edumile kanye neziza: "Ukushona kuka-Ivan Grozny" ("Ukushona kuka-Kuzma Minin" ("Ukudluliswa kwesikwele kwe-Nizhny Novgorod, kubiza abantu ngeminikelo ")," Ukubulawa kukaFyodor Godenunova ngo-1605, "u-Ivan Susanin".
Ungene emphakathini wabaculi ama-movie, kodwa abagxeki bacabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wokukhashelwa kwemibono yentando yeningi. Umdwebi we-cannas wayelukhuni, enemibala, kepha ngasikhathi sinye babona ukwethuka. Futhi waba nesakhiwo esidabukisayo ngokungajwayelekile, wedlula inani lemisebenzi yomnikazi werekhodi elinjengeMarist Ivan Aivazovsky. Futhi nokho igama likaMakovsky liyavela kuqala lapho izinkumbulo zesithombe esithinta inhliziyo "izingane ezigijima kusuka ekudumeni kwezulu" zadalwa ngo-1872.
Ukushona
Umdwebi owadala amakhulu eziphuzo waphila iminyaka engama-76. UMakovsky wayesebenza, uthando lwempilo kanye namandla e-boiler, futhi isizathu sokufa kwakhe kwakuyingozi yomgwaqo.Septhemba 17 (30) Septhemba 1915, wahamba emigwaqweni yase-Petrograd enqoleni yakhe, lapho iHhashi linovalo ngokukhala libingene enyathelweni odlulayo. UKonstantin Egorovich wandizela ebhulohweni, ngenxa yalokho okulimala okungahambisani nempilo. Wengcwaba umdwebi emathuneni aseNikolsky ka-Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Imidwebo
- Ngo-1860 - "Ukuphulukiswa Kwempumputhe"
- Ngo-1862 - "Ama-ejenti e-Dmitry SamozVvovets abulala Fedor Gomunova"
- Ngo-1863 - "Imidwebo yegrafu kaNikolai Nikolayevich MuravYov-Amur, umbusi-jikelele we-Eastern Siberia"
- Ngo-1872 - "Izingane zigijima kusuka kudumo"
- Ngo-1877 - "Ama-Martyrs aseBulgaria"
- Ngo-1879 - "Imidwebo yeLieboy Guards Gussiment, igrafu G. A. Bobrinsky"
- Ngo-1883 - "Idili lomshado lomshado"
- Ngo-1888 - "Ukufa kuka-Ivan Grozny"
- Ngo-1889 - "Isifunda Somakoti WaseRussia"
- 1890 - "Ikhanda (Portrait yu. P. Makovskaya)"
- Ngo-1896 - "I-Minin esigcawini saseNizhny Novgorod, ebiza abantu emnikelweni"