I-Biograge
UHenry III wawungowokugcina wobukhosi be-VUGA yababusi baseFrance. Uthole izwe ngo-1574 elimele izimpi zenkolo, ezingazinzile futhi zimpofu. Inkinga yesihlalo sobukhosi yawa kanye nenhlekelele. Ngaphambi kokuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wezwe, wayeyinkosi yasePoland neNkosana yaseLithuania.Ubuntwana nentsha
UHeinrich III Vaua uyindlalifa yesine eHeinrich II, owabusa iFrance phakathi kuka-1547 no-1559, no-Catherine Medici. Wazalwa ngoSepthemba 19, 1551 esigodlweni saseFontainebleau, indawo yokuhlala yamakhosi.
Njenganoma iyiphi inzalo yemindeni yasebukhosini, uHeinrich wathola okungcono kakhulu, njengemfundo. Ngibonga uFrancois Carnival, wafunda uthango futhi wadansa, wakwazi kahle isiNtaliyane, futhi umbhishobhi uJacques Jacques Amio wafaka i-Prince Avititan Sciences Science: Izincwadi, Rhetoric kanye nezenkolo.
Isiyalo sokugcina besiseduze kukaHenry III. Futhi, ngenxa yalokho, eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, wadonsela ukunakekela kuHubaenov, yize umndeni wasebukhosini waseFrance waphoqeleka ukuba avulelekile. Ekuphambukeni emithethweni eyamukelwe ngokuvamile, ongena esikhundleni se-Vaua Dynasty ayengazi izithiyo. Wahlwanyela izingoma zamaProthestani futhi wangayinakanga amacikopha amaKristu, wake wazama ukuphula isithombe sikaSt. Paul.
I-Ekaterina Medici yathatha imfundo engokomoya kaHeinrich. Yena, ukulungele ukuvala amehlo akhe kunoma yimaphi ama-antics endlalifa yakhe ethandekayo, aqondakala: Uma isikhulu siyaqhubeka siziphatha ngomoya ofanayo, ngeke sikwazi ukulungele isihlalo sobukhosi. Ngenxa yalokho, imizamo yendodana kamama yaphenduka yaba ngumKatolika oshisekayo. Okungenani ngaphandle.
Kuyadingeka ukuhlala ngokubonakala kukaHeinrich III. Kusukela esemncane, wakhombisa umcabango omningi, ngisho nobufazi. Emibhalweni, owokugcina we-VULA uboniswa ngendlebe ezindlebeni - hhayi elula "ye-Cannations", kanye nemihlobiso enkulu yePearl. Iziteshi ezingajwayelekile zigcwele amahemuhemu ukuthi umuntu anamathela ekubonakaleni okungajwayelekile. Wabizwa ngokuthi iPrince yaseSodoma.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Usosayensi wekhulu le-XVII uLouis Krompton uthi amahemuhemu ahambelana neqiniso. Ngokusolwa ngokuthi uHeinrich III wahlukanisa umbhede nabathandi besilisa, okwaziwa ngokuthi "minions".
Izazi-mlando zanamuhla uJean-Francois Sun, uNicolas Le ru neJacqueline Bouche ziphonsela inselelo leli phuzu. Babephikisa ukuthi empilweni yomuntu siqu kaHeinrich III bekukhona amangali amahlebezi amaningi adumile. Futhi amahemuhemu ngongqingili akhuthaza abaphikisi bakhe bezepolitiki.
Ngo-1570, eFrance, imininingwane yaqala ukunweba ukuthi uHeinrich II oyibanjwe ngu-Elizabeth I - Queen of England nase-Ireland, okokugcina kweTudor Dynasty. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engama-37, kodwa wahlala engenamntwana.
Inyunyana yehlulekile. Okokuqala, ngenxa yomehluko emibukeni yenkolo: UHeinrich III ozisholo obala ubuKatolika, futhi u-Elizabeth ngiyisiProthestani. Okwesibili, inkosana ayizange ibe nendlovukazi yozwela. Ubize uPutpein Publique (ukubeka ngobumnene, wavunyelwa ngowesifazane onomoya) futhi wavuma ukuthi acwebezele ukuphawula ngomehluko wawo: inkosi yaseFrance yayineminyaka engu-18 ubudala.
Ngemuva kokuhlangana kabusha eFrance, uHeinrich III uyalwa ukuba ashade. Ukhethwe lakhe kwakunguLouise Lolaring, owaziwa nangokuthi yintokazi emhlophe. Inkosi yamisa ukukhethwa kowesifazane omnene oyongena kuye, ngoba emncane, okhathele ingcindezi kamama.
Umshado wothando ngokweqiniso nezinhliziyo zenzeka ngoFebhuwari 15, 1575. Ngesizinda sakhe esibonakalayo ukuvela, uHenry III uqobo, ingubo yomshado yentokazi emhlophe yamatshe ayigugu ngokwakhe. Ubuye wahlanganisa uMlobokazi.
Ngo-1576 kwaziwa ukuthi indlovukazi yaseFrance yayigqoke ingane ngaphansi kwenhliziyo. Kepha isifo esinzima esalandela ukukhulelwa sivuke amaphutha, okwenza uLouise Larringa akanazithelo. Naphezu kokuvakashela emithonjeni eshisayo kanye nokuhamba ngezinyawo ezindaweni ezingcwele, ithuba lokubeletha alitholanga.
Eminyakeni engu-37 yokuphila, uHeinrich III akazange athole izingane. Umuthi wohlu lozalo lwe-VULA DYNasty wayeka ukuvumela amagatsha. UBourbon wabonakala esihlalweni sobukhosi.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Ukuziphatha esihlalweni sobukhosi seFrance kuHeinrich III, abafowabo babekwazi. UFrancis II, indodana endala uHenry II, wasebenzisa ilungelo lakhe ngo-1559 eneminyaka engu-15. Umsize anikeze umama.
I-Ekaterina Medici yayingowesifazane osemvelweni wamandla aqinile futhi afisayo, kepha aphoqwa ukuba ethunzini lomlingani onomthelela. Ngemuva kokushona kukaHeinrich II ngo-1559, kwaba yirejista kaFrancis II, futhi kamuva wonke amadodana awo.
ULouis III Orleans akazange amiselwe ukukhuphukela esihlalweni sobukhosi: Washona ngo-1550 ngengane. Ifa lamagugu lidluliselwe eKarl Ix. Njengomfowabo omdala, wagqoka umqhele osemusha - wayeneminyaka eyishumi. Iminyaka yokubusa kwakhe - kusukela ngo-1560s kuya ku-1574.
Ngesikhathi uHeinrich III, efisa ukuba yinkosi yaseFrance, yahola umbuso wasePoland-Lithuania. Inkosi yokuqala ekhethiwe yeCommonwealth, yaba ngoMeyi 1573. Ukufaneleka kwakhe akulona ukudlulisela izinguquko kwezombusazwe zasekhaya kanye nemiphumela ebalulekile yenqubomgomo - ukufunda kancane ngokufa komfowenu, owokugcina we-VULA wabuyela ezweni lakubo.
Ukuqala kweBhodi laseHeinrich III France kubuyele emuva ku-1574. Impi yayihamba phakathi kwama-huguenots namaKatolika. Ngaphandle kokuba nemali yokuqhubeka nokulwa, inkosi esanda kubhalwa phansi yanikeza inkululeko yenkolo yamaProthestani futhi yavumela ukukhethwa ePhalamende.
Ngenxa yalesi sinqumo, iligi yamaKatolika yangena eHeinrich III. Ngo-1585, impi yakwaHenry ezintathu - inkosi yaseFrance, abamele iBurbon neGizov Dynasty. Lesi yinto enkulu kunazo zonke kwinqubomgomo yezangaphandle yenkosi kanye neyamangalisa kakhulu.
Ngo-1588, uParis wavukela ngoHeinrich III, futhi waphoqeleka ukuba agijime. UHenry de Giz ungumKatolika onolaka ujoyine inhlokodolobha. Buyisela isihlalo sobukhosi ephethwe kuphela ngezindlela zamandla - ngasekupheleni kwawo, inkosi yaseFrance yabulala isitha Sakhe kunokugcina yabeka isiphambano ngokubambisana namaKatolika.
Ukushona
Ukubulawa kukaHenrich Giza nomfowabo uLouis kube sengathi baguqulwa amaKatolika. Ikakhulu isikhundla esinempilo ehlala e-Jacques Clemane eneminyaka engu-22 ubudala. Ngaphansi kobafundi besithunywa ehlobo lika-1589, waphumela egcekeni likaHeinrich III kanye nombhulo wakhe, izincwadi ezinomdlandla. Lokhu kuhlasela kwenzeka ngokushesha kangangokuba onogada babengenaso isikhathi sokuvikela inkosi yaseFrance. Futhi uCleman wayengenaso isikhathi sokushiya ikamelo futhi futhi wayeyipayipi. Kamuva, isidumbu sakhe salahlwa futhi sagwetshwa i-Quartering. Izinsalela zishisiwe.Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi uHeinrich III wahlala ephila. Wayesethi esiswini, kwathi ukuthuthukiswa okuthile kwaqashelwa. Kepha ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa inkosi yayimbi, yamema umpristi. UMonarch washona ngo-Agasti 2, 1589. Imbangela yokufa yayilahlekelwe yigazi eliningi.
Isidumbu se-Heinrich III sangcwatshwa e-Abbey of Saint-Cornill, esedolobheni laseKompy. Inhliziyo yashiswa yabekwa e-Urn eCathedral of Saint-Claude. Kusukela ngo-1610, ithuna lakhe lisesiqhingini saseSaint-Denis, ithuna lamakhosi aseFrance.
Heinrich III kumasiko
Imisebenzi kaHeinrich III yanikeza ukushiwo kumafilimu, imikhiqizo yaseshashalazini, izincwadi.
Ngakho-ke, u-Alexander Duma - ubaba wembula ubuntu benkosi yaseFrance eTrilogy yezimpi zaseGughogen. Encwadini ethi "Queen Margo" (1845), inkosi yaseMonarch ivela ku-Duke of Anzhuy, nasezingxenyeni ezilandelayo ze- "Countess de Monssoro" (1846) kanye "namashumi amane nanhlanu" (1847) - njengomuntu ogcwele isihlalo sobukhosi. Lo mjikelezo kwesinye isikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi i-biography yezobuciko kaHeinrich III.
Umlando we-Fereta, hhayi kuphela ama-compatriots uPascal Gregory, uDaniel Sekkaldy, uRobin Recuchchi, kodwa futhi nomlingisi waseSoviet evgeny nerladsky. Induna yochungechunge lwethelevishini kumanoveli ka-Alexander Dumumu ngokubamba kwakhe okwenzeka ngonyaka we-1996.