I-Biograge
USofia Gamanka wayengumngane osondelene wezimbongi zezinkathi zesiliva, ezikhishwe, ukuhunyushwa kwama-libretto kanye namaqoqo wezinkondlo. Wayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi iSAFO ngenxa yezingoma ezinikezelwe kubamele ama-Russian Bohemians namalungu emibuthanweni ebhala.Ubuntwana nentsha
USofia Gamenzini wazalwa ngo-Agasti 1885 futhi wayeyingane endala u-Alexandra Abramovne idelson. Ngenxa yempilo ebuthakathaka yomama, izinkondlo zesikhathi esizayo zaseRussia ezinganeni zichithe sonke isikhathi nobaba oqinile ongenamuntu ogqoke.
UJakov Solomonovich wayeyilungu lesendlalelo esinelungelo, usokhemisi kanye nomnikazi wekhemisi banakekela inhlala-kahle yomndeni. Edolobheni laseTaganrog, lapho kwakuhlala khona amalungu omphakathi wamaJuda, kwakukhona isiko lokuthola izingane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.
Unina wezinkondlo zesikhathi esizayo wakhulelwa ngamawele, ngemuva kokuzalwa kukaVali noLisa, ukuqunjelwa kwabo kwafa. Emphakathini, indoda yakhe eshada ngayo, uSonya, owayephelelwe yimfucumfucu, yakhula futhi yakhula kancane.
Abalobi bakhe biography baphawula ukuthi le ntombazane yasheshe yasuka endodeni nenkosikazi yakhe edumekayo. Umama wokutholwa awuzange avumele izingane ezincane ukuba zijabulise, imidlalo yokuhlala kosokhemisi yenqatshelwe ngokuphelele.
UValentine no-Elizabeth babenesithakazelo e-Ballet nezincwadi, uSofia wakhetha uPiyano njengendlela yokususa ezinkingeni. Esencane, wahlukanisa izikolo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ishidi le-Ferenz lalilula ukuthi kube lula kuye ama-theorems.
Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu ekuzivocavoca kwamantombazane ngesitifiketi esihle kakhulu sokuthweswa iziqu, umfana wahlukaniswa nokugada washiya phesheya. Ukutadisha eGenevatory of Geneva phakathi kothisha abadumile kwabhekwa emphakathini wamaJuda njengokuhlubuka kwezimboni.
E-Russia, i-Boutt Bouttle yafunda ezifundweni zeBetuzhevsky, ezaziyiyunivesithi yamantombazane eneminyaka ehlukene. I-Guurisprudence nezincwadi zabiza uSofia, futhi wakhohlwa i-etude ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900s.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
USophia Gamanka wayeyindoda enomugqa ocashile ngomusa, ukufa kukamama osebusheni bekushiya isibazi enhliziyweni. Intombazane yelula kubangani bayo, imnene, inikelwe, ithembekile, futhi ukuntuleka kosizo ngamadoda kujabulise ubaba omubi.AmaRomani ase-Platos ajwayelekile akhathazekile izimbongi zaseRussia, ngakho-ke washada maphakathi nawo-1900s. UVladimir Volkenstein uvele empilweni yakhe uqobo eSt. Petersburg, wayengumdlali wezodlala onekhono, ukushiya imibuthano yamasiko.
Umshado wamasiko amaJuda akakwazanga ukuma noma yikuphi ukuhlola, futhi abantu abanethalente bahlukana. Emphefumulweni kaSofia, imizwa yethemba likaPavlovna Polyakova, ama-Amateur Classic Operas kanye nemidwebo ekhanyayo yeRenaissance yakhuphuka.
Ukwamukela ama-Orthodoxy, indodakazi yamaJuda yahlala enkabeni yeRussia, emsebenzini ngahlangana nabantu abanethalente. Abahlabeleli, umlobi, abalingisi, abahumushi kanye nezinkondlo bekuhlala ezweni elihle, eligcwele izinkanuko ezibhubhisayo.
Umdlalo ubuhlukile kwabanye besifazane abanothando ngezingubo zokugqoka kanye namabhulukwe, ukubukeka okumnandi kwaheha zonke izixhobo zepeni. Izici ze-eccentric ngomdlalo omfushane wezinwele iHerzhak-Zhukovskaya, i-hostess ebize uNkulunkulu ekubhaleni okubhaliwe kusihlwa.
Kwenye yalezi zindlela, uSofia wabona iNdlovukazi: UMarina Tsvetaeva wabhekwa njengenkanyezi yaseMoscow ngaleso sikhathi. Izimbongi ekuqaleni kokuqonda imizwa yomunye nomunye, abangane abanesivunguvungu ababizwa ngokuthi bahlanya.
Umhlali wenhlokodolobha onikele ezinkondlweni zamaJuda, umjikelezo we- "GIADL" ngasikhathi sinye waveza ukuzinikela nentukuthelo. Izintokazi ze-Ewterpe 2 iminyaka "zakhuthazelelana", kepha base behlukana, akukho gramu yanoma yini.
ETandem, uMarina "wayenamandla", futhi, naphezu kwesithombe sowesifazane, uSofia, ogqilazwe uthando, wayengaphansi kuye kukho konke. Ngenxa yobudlelwano obuvuthayo, abantu abajwayelene nabo balimala, uSergey Efron uthole ukulimala okunamandla ngokwengqondo.
E-Diaries yeTSVETAEVA, ukuboniswa ku-Sofia kuyagcinwa, mayelana nokuthi kwenzeka kanjani phakathi nokuhlukaniswa okufushane ezinhlangothini zendlela yabo. Isizathu esisemthethweni sokuthi igebe lalibhekwa njengomshado osemthethweni wemikhosi, yena, ophela ngenoveli, wakwazi ukubuyisela.
Esikhathini esizayo, umdlali akazange ahlangane isikhathi eside nomlingisi uLyudmila Erair, abesifazane babehamba ngokubukeka kwamaBolsheviks. Babejabule ogwini olufudumele lwaseCrimea, indaba yothando yahlala yahlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwawo ama-20s.
Eminyakeni eminingi ebilambile yombhali wokuhumusha weseka uFaina Ranevskaya kanye nabangane abaningi abaseduze. NginoProfesa u-Olga Zuberbiller uxoshwe eMoscow, izinkondlo zichithe izinsuku eziningi ezijabulisayo.
Imnyuziyamu yokugcina, ethwetshulwa esithombeni kusukela kungobo yomlando sekwephuzile, kwakunguNina Vedeneev, isayensi kanye nomuntu ozongenela isayensi. Abesifazane babehlala emadolobheni amancane, kude nomsindo wenhlokodolobha, abantu ababeyingxenye yombuthano osondele kakhulu ngokuvamile babevame ukutholakala eKashin.
Ukudala
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900s, lo mdlalo wanikezwa amandla enkondlo, izinkondlo eziyishumi nambili zinikelwe intombi kaPolyyakova. Ukudluliselwa, ama-charkaks, amaphazili kanye nokudlala kothando kwakungumthombo wemali engenayo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900s.
Ngemuva kwalokho umsebenzi kumagazini obizwa nge- "Northern Quots", lapho uSofia, esebenzisa i-pseudonym, wabhala izindatshana ezibucayi. U-Andrei Polyanin, owayekwazisa u-Osipa kaMandelstam, maphakathi nawo-1910 wanyamalala wahlala ekhohlwa.
Izizukulwane, ukubuka imilando, kutholakale kushicilelwe amanothi mayelana no-Anna Akhmatova namalungu e-Creative "Izimbongi Isitolo", emelela iminyaka yesiliva. Ngokusho kombhali, imnyuziyamu eyinhloko yabakwa-Acmeists eHalling of Russia kwakufundile, amasiko, umuntu ohlakaniphile.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-sonnet ama-lyric aphatha ubuciko bezinkondlo ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi wobusuku obumhlophe "wathakazelisa abantu abaningi. Impumelelo ye-ledges yokuqala eyenziwe ukukhohlwa izinguqulo zemibhalo, uSofia wayedinga isikhathi sokusebenzisa imibono.
UMarina Tsvetaeva wathonya umsebenzi wezimbongi ezisencane - isisusa somuntu siqu, esiseduze kwavela emisebenzini. Ukuqoqwa kweqoqo ePetrograd ngesikhathi sokuhlukana nesithandwa sakhe kwavula inani elikhulu lamathemba akhanyayo ngaphambi kowesifazane.
Inguquko yavinjelwa ukuba asebenzise ithuba eliwile, kepha izincwadi eziningi zasashicilelwa ngawo-1920. "Ukuba ensimini", "umculo", "ama-rose ase-penia", agcwele ukumiswa okulimazayo, ajabulele ukuphumelela okungakaze kubonwe emibuthanweni yedolobha elikhulu.
Lapho befika amaSoviet avant-gardeists enkundleni yezinkondlo, okukhulu kakhulu kwagxekwa izinkondlo ezinkulu ezisanda kubhalwa. Umjikelezo we- "Big Messenger" wafundwa ogwini lolwandle olumnyama, abantu abaleke iqembu leBolsheviks.
I-Libretto yasekuqaleni yayithathwa obala ukuthi yamukelwa obala ku-Opera Opera Opera yasendulo isethi yaseshashalazini yaseMoscow. Umlobi u-Alexander Centers ngosizo lwezinkondlo uhlengiwe ngesikhathi esinzima emizweni nasekuqapheleni inqwaba.
Inkosi yenkulumo ebhaliwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1930 yathola imnyuziyamu yokugcina, kubonakala sengathi impilo edabukisayo. Ukusuka kwizinkondlo Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhululeka kokunyamalala, imigqa emifushane yalahlekelwa ukholo othandweni.
Ukushona
Ngokusho kwezwe, uSofia bakhala ngobuhlungu enhliziyweni, kodwa amakhowe anobuthi abuyiselwe abhekwa njengokufa okungazelelwe. Ukuhlabelela ngokufa okusondele kakhulu, umfana wabhala ngaphandle kokuma ngokuyeka injabulo ethambile kanye nezisusa ezimbi zokuphelela.Ngo-Agasti 1933, abantu abaningi babuthana ekungeniseni okudala kwamathuna, ithuna elisanda kushiswa. UBoris Pasternak, uVladislav Khodasevich kanye nezinye izinkanyezi zezincwadi zaba abalobi bezincwadi ze-necrologists kanye nezindatshana zemvelo.
I-Bibliography
- 1916 - "Inkondlo"
- Ngo-1922 - "I-Roses Peieria"
- 1923 - "Ukulahleka: Amavesi ka-1922"
- 1926 - "Umculo"
- 1928 - "Ngezwi eliphansi. Izinkondlo 1926-1927 »