I-Biograge
UJesse Owens wayeyiqhawe lama-Olimpiki angama-1936 - umsubathi avela e-United States of America akhwela esisekelweni. Umlobi walawa marekhodi amathathu wezwe wavula umgwaqo ophumayo odonswayo ezweni lokuhlonishwa kanye nenkazimulo, eshaya umugqa wesi-6 wokukalwa kwabasubathi abakhulu kunabo bonke bemicu yekhulu lama-20, kumenyezelwe ebuntwini bezemidlalo ye-BBC yomkhosi wonyaka.Ubuntwana nentsha
UJames Cleveland Owens wazalwa ngoSepthemba 12, 1913 edolobheni lase-Okville Alabama. I-biography yakhe yaqala endlini lapho kwakukhona izingane eziyisishiyagalolunye. Ngokwemininingwane engaqinisekisiwe, abazukulu bomsubathi bami besikhathi esizayo babeyizigqila zabanini bomhlaba abacebile, ngakho umfana onodadewethu abaningi nabafowethu babengesizukulwane sesibili samahhala baseMelika baseMelika.
UHenry Cleveland Owens noMariya Emma Fitzgerald kuze kwethulwa okuhlose ukuhlukaniswa kwe-United States e-United States kusuka kubantu bomdabu base-United States kanye nezigqila zangaphambili kwaqashiswa ezimotjhi ezivundile zezwe. Ngemuva kokuba khona kwezimo zokubandlululwa ngokobuhlanga akubekezeleleki, lo mndeni wathuthela eCleveland, ogwini oluhle lweLake Erie.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoLapho, ingane eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala yaya esikoleni samabanga aphezulu nangesikhathi sokubhalisa lapho kubhalwa khona igama likaJese. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi uthisha waseNyakatho wawungaqondi ukuthi i-accent ethile yewadi entsha, engenise njengoJi si.
Ngiseyingane, u-Owns wakhombisa amandla okufunda - ulimi, izibalo nezincwadi zazilula kuye. Esikhathini sakhe samahhala, umfana wasiza abazali bakhe, asebenze njengeposi yokulethwa kwemikhiqizo, indawo nomsizi kanye nomsizi weWizard Wizard.
Ubaba, umsebenzi wensimbi yensimbi, wadonsela ukunaka eqinisweni lokuthi indodana yokwanda ngo-180 cm futhi inesisindo esingu-75 kg isithandwa ukuthi isebenze ngokushesha. Lapho osemusha enikelwa ukuba abhalise engxenyeni ye-Athletics ehlelwe nguCharles Riley Coach, banquma emkhandlwini womndeni ukuthi ithuba elinjalo alikwazi ukuphuthelwa.
Kwakungelona iphutha, ngoba oveni wadonsela ukunaka komphakathi wezemidlalo, waba ngumfundi we-East Technical High Technical School eCleveland. Ngemuva kwenkambo yokuqeqeshwa kokuqala ngokomzimba ngaphansi kokuholwa ngumeluleki onolwazi, waqhathaniswa nerekhodi lomhlaba wonke ekusebenzeni amayadi ayi-100 futhi akhumule isikhathi eside ngonyaka we-1933 eChicago.
Ngemuva kokuthi isahluko sakhe sesahluko se-Owens Family sathola umsebenzi oqinisekisa inhlala-kahle yezezimali yenzalo eminingi, uJesse waqhubeka nokufunda kwakhe eHulumeni University of Ohio. Ukuqhubeka nokuzibandakanya emidlalweni eqenjini le-LARRY SDIDER, le nsizwa yanqoba izindondo eziyisishiyagalombili zegolide kuma-ncaa championship maphakathi no-1930s.
Ukunqoba akuzange kufeze amabhonasi ukuze kungenze amabhonasi. Ngaphandle komfundaze, waqhubeka esebenzela ukukhokhela isifundo futhi asize izihlobo zakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomkabeni kaMinnie Ruthe uSolomoni wahlangana phakathi nokuhlala endaweni yokuhlala eFairmont Junior High School eCleveland. Ngesikhathi somhlangano wokuqala wawuneminyaka eyi-15, futhi intombazane yayisineminyaka engu-13.Esikoleni esiphakeme, ubungani obusekelwe ekuzweleni okufanayo bukhule kulo muzwa. Owesifazane wase-Afrika waseMelika ongasebenzisi ontanga ukwenze konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impilo yomuntu siqu ye-Athlette yesikhathi esizayo ijabule.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoEminyakeni engu-3 ngaphambi komshado, obanjelwe ekuqaleni kukaJuni 1935, laba bobhasha babenendodakazi yenkazimulo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye izingane ezimbili zavela emshadweni osemthethweni - uMarlene noBeverly.
Kwakha amasonto namaholide emndenini we-Owens kuthathwe ezindaweni eziningi. Abalingani bakhashelwa komunye nomunye ngaphambi kokushona komsubathi ngo-1980.
Abasubathi
Ilungelo lokubeka ehholo lezemidlalo yodumo lwase-United States of America Owens oluwine ngoMeyi 25, 1935 phakathi 'komhlangano' omkhulu 'enkundleni yenkundla yesikebhe e-Ann Abor. Wasungula irekhodi lemihlaba emithathu futhi lilingana nolwesine. Impumelelo ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu yamakhulu eminyaka yaboniswa ekuhambeni kuka-100 m no-200 m, kanye nokugxuma okude.
Ngemuva kokunqoba okunjalo okukholisayo kukaJessie, kwamenywa eqenjini lesizwe, kwaqala ukulungiselela umqhutshelwano we-4 kaBerlin wezemidlalo weBerlin, kodwa unobhala kaNaacp Walter Francis White wazama ukunciphisela iJalimane laseNazi. Ngobusuku bemidlalo, umphakathi we-United States wamemezela ukucasha kombuso we-Adolf Hitler, futhi izwe lalingelinye lesinyathelo sokwenqaba umqhudelwano omkhulu wamazwe omhlaba.
Lapho uMongameli weKomidi Lase-American Olimpiki, ebizwa ngokuthi yibo bonke abangabazayo futhi anelisekile nge "anti-Agaritators", owena kanye nabanye abasubathi anqume ukubamba iqhaza eLoworm Olmpiad futhi afike emhlabeni waseJalimane ebhodini le-SS Manhattan Liner .
Ngokwesekwa kwabathathu kanye nezimbangi, phakathi kwazo kwakuhanjelwe iqhawe lesikhathi esizayo seMpi Yezwe II uLouis Zamperini kanye nomthandi we- "Fuhrera" Louce ubude, uJesse wanqoba igolide ngezinhlobo ezine zohlelo lwe-Athletics. Lo mphumela waphula umlando odumile uKarl Lewis ngo-1984.
Impumelelo yomuntu wase-Afrika waseMelika avusa ukwethuka kuHitler, owayefuna ukufakazela ukuphakama komjaho we-aryan. Umholi weqembu lamaNazi laseJalimane, uphambanise amasiko ezemidlalo, akazange avele lapho ekhuluma ngezindondo futhi akazange ahalalisele abasubathi baseMelika kanye nozakwabo abaphumelele kancane.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUkubuyela eMelika, ovens wabona ukuthi akekho umuntu ongasithanda isimo esisha. Umpetha wemincintiswano yamazwe omhlaba wawusemini yomphakathi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona komndeni, uJese wathathwa nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi - wayengumbusi, uJanitor kanye nemenenja esomile ekhokha ngehora.
Isithombe sika-Olympiad Triumpula kancane sahamba kancane, ngoba umsubathi wayenqatshelwe ukuvela kwimicimbi yezemidlalo e-Amateur naseMpila. Umpetha uthole ukusungula ngokubambisana nomsunguli we-Western Coast baseball League nethuba lokuvakashela imidlalo yamazwe omhlaba eRoma ngo-1960.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni engama-32, owesikweleta wokubhema, nembangela yokufa kwakhe ngoMashi 31, 1980 kwaba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izinsuku zokugcina zempesheni yempilo yemidlalo yama-Olimpiki - 1936 ebanjelwe emphakathini kankosikazi namadodakazi asesibhedlela somuzi waseTucson.Ngokwesicelo somndeni wombhali wamarekhodi amade amabanga amafushane futhi agxume ngobude, bangcwaba ngaphandle komkhosi oqinile emathuneni amathuna amathuna eSikhumbuzo eChicago.
Impumelelo
- Rekhoda ekusebenzeni kumamitha ayi-100 - amasekhondi ayi-9,4
- Rekhoda ku-Running Amayadi angama-220 - amasekhondi angama-20,3
- Rekhoda ekuqhubekeni kwamayadi angama-220 ngezithiyo - amasekhondi angama-22,6
- Amarekhodi ngobude agxuma - 8.13 m (okokuqala emlandweni, ingaphambili le-8 m) lanqotshwa)