I-Biograge
UNikolai VITA ungumbhali weprosetha waseSoviet, umlobi owabhala ohlotsheni lweqiniso lezenhlalo. Imisebenzi yomlobi ibibhalwa kabusha, yazivumelanisa nezimo kwayo, futhi imidlalo yafakwa kwizimo zedolobha laseMetropolitan nezemidlalo yaseshashalazini yesifunda.Ubuntwana nentsha
UNikolai evgeevoich wirth (Karelian) wazalwa ngo-3 (16) ngoDisemba 1905 edolobhaneni laseCalikino. Ubaba wakhe wayengumpristi yasemakhaya, umama ka-Elizabeth wakhulisa amadodakazi amathathu - uZina, uLuda naseSophia. Kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5, uKoohl nezihlobo ngokuzalwa ngokuningana washintsha kaninginingi indawo yokuhlala ngaphambi kokuba umndeni wamangazwa edolobhaneni laseLozovka elikhulu.
Lapha uyise ka-Eugene, ongumuntu ofundile, wavula isikole samabanga aphansi esontweni, izingane ezifuywayo ezingavakashela iminyaka emi-4. Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12 waya kuye nendodana yakhe encane. Ngemuva kokuba abazali bathumele uKohl ukuba afunde eTambov, endaweni yokuzivocavoca. Lapha umfana wakujabulela ukubamba iqhaza ku-amateur futhi wabhala izimo zeqembu le-pop.
Ngo-1921, ubaba wensizwa wadutshulwa, esolwa ngokuqwashisa nge-antonovans evukelayo. Isiphetho somama wezazi-mlando asaziwa, kepha izingane zahlala izintandane, futhi umzalwane kwadingeka anakekele amantombazane, asebenze njengomalusi, onguchwepheshe wezakhamizi, okuyisimangaliso sokungafundi phakathi kwamasosha.
Esikhathini sango-1923 kuphela esezinesikhathi esakwazi ukubuyela ukuyofunda, bese sithola umsebenzi ephephandabeni laseTambov Pravda ukwakha umsebenzi. Umsuka wakhe wezenhlalo akazange anikeze ithuba lokuthola imfundo ephakeme.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UNikolai evgeevoch washada kathathu, kodwa ngumlingani wokuqala u-Irina Ivanovna wamngenisa nezingane - indodana kaCyril nendodakazi uTatiana. Intombazane kamuva yaba yintatheli kanye nomhumushi ovela eSerbia naseCrotsky, abhala izincwadi eziningana ze-autobiographical lapho ungathola khona izithombe zabantu abadumile.Ngo-1948, kwenzeka izinguquko empilweni yomlobi: Washada noTatiana Vasilyeva, unobhala wephephabhuku "ingqungquthela" ephindaphinda amacebo amakhulu omlingisi wothando no-Orlova. Ukuhlala noshade naye omusha, uNikolai ngokwanele ngangokunokwenzeka wakhonza ubaba ongitholile ngendodakazi yakhe uNatasha Lagina, wabe esekhuphula umfana endlini yezintandane eya eSasha.
Mayelana nonkosikazi wesithathu weProsuik Tatiana Nechava abacwaningi akaziwa lutho.
Ukudala
UNikolai wabhala izindaba zakhe zokuqala ngempilo yabampofu ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym yokuthola ukusetshenziswa kwephephandaba lapho asebenza khona kusukela ngo-1923. Eminyakeni engu-7 elandelayo, wakwazi ukuzama isandla sakhe njengombhali futhi intatheli, uNobhala Wezezivumelwano Zesifunda Nezifunda, isisebenzi somsakazo.
Ngaphandle kokushiya umsebenzi wentatheli, iWirth yaqala ukwenza endaweni yesehlakalo semidlalo yaseshashalazini yentsha yabasebenzi (iTram), lapho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akhonza khona ngaphambi komqondisi noMqondisi. Lapha kwakuyimidlalo yokuqala.
Ngo-1930, umuntu, kanye nomndeni wakhe, wathuthela enhlokodolobha, lapho aqhubeka khona eBhalo, "kusihlwa waseMoscow" kanye ne- "electrost". Ngo-1935, omunye womagazini wanyathelisa "isizungu" sakhe, esaxoxa indaba ye-antonovsky insurgency.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, umbhali wasebenza kabusha lo msebenzi wenhlekelele ethi "Earth", futhi wafakwa esigabeni saseMkhat, wabe esesusa ifilimu. Futhi, ngesisekelo sayo, uTikhon Khrennikov wabhalwa ngu-Opera "esivunguvungwini".
Inoveli elandelayo ye-WIRTth "ejwayelekile" ayizange ibangele ingxabano enkulu yabagxeki, kepha ngoba incwadi yokuqala yombhali yanikeza umyalo weLenin (1939) futhi wenza umklomelo we-stalinist.
Ngokwe-biography esemthethweni yombhali, ngesikhathi sempi yaseSoviet, wasebenza njengombhali wamasosha futhi wasebenzisana neSovinformbüro. Kepha lapho nje amabutho aseJalimane esondela eMoscow, i-prose, kanye nezinye izibalo zemibhalo, zaya ekufundeni. Izinto zakhe ezintsha zaqala ukuvela emaphephandabeni asePravda Moscow, i-Red Star ne-Izvestia ekuqaleni kwawo-1942.
Eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe lonke, uNikolai Virda uzothola imiklomelo kaStalin yokudlala "isinkwa" sokudla kwethu okubi "kanye" nokwakha uzungu lwefilimu "ka-1950). Kuma-50s naku-60s, kuzoba namafilimu amaningana ezincwadini zakhe, futhi kuzoshicilelwa "inoveli" ukukhala kusihlwa "okuzoshicilelwa, okuveza umlando wamaqhawe ezincwadi zakhe zangaphambili.
Umkhiqizo wokuqala wombhali ngemuva kokushona komholi kwakuyindaba "yezintaba ezintabeni", ezichaza ubulukhuni bempilo yokugqwala njengomphumela wezepolitiki e-stalinist edolobhaneni. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ama-wirth e-wirth agcwaliswa ngamanoveli amathathu nezindaba ezimbili: "Ukubuyisa Umhlaba", "Steppe yebo steppe ..." (1960), "Izinsuku ezisheshayo" (1964) kanye " Ghost ishiya iGreen Hill "(1965).
Ukushona
UNikolai evgeevich ushone ngoJanuwari 9, 1976 eTransMekin, lapho ahlala khona eminyakeni yamuva. Ithuna litholakala emathuneni endawo.I-Bibliography
- 1935 - "Isizungu"
- Ngo-1937 - "Iphethini"
- Ngo-1938 - "Uzungu"
- 1944 - "Amasosha aseStalingrad"
- 1951 - "Indandatho yakusihlwa"
- 1956 - "Amaslayidi apholile"
- 1960 - "Steppe yebo steppe ezungeze ..."
- 1960 - "Umhlaba Obuyile"
- Ngo-1964 - "Izinsuku ezisheshayo"
- Ngo-1962 - "Inhlekelele"
- Ngo-1965 - "Isipoki sishiya igquma eliluhlaza"