I-Biograge
U-Alexey Basmanov ubuntu obungokomlando obunokuhlola okuphikisanayo. Ngenkonzo engenakuphikiswa yenkosi kanye nokunganakwa kwamasosha amasosha emithonjeni eminingi, ama-epithets anjalo asho "maniac" kanye "nokufika kwezwe le-svyatouris" kwasetshenziswa.Ubuntwana nentsha
Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kuka-Alexei Danilovich alaziwa, ngokuphela kokuphela kwe-XV - Cisheni amakhulukhulu ama-XVI. Uyise uDanil Andrevich Plescheev wayengowase-Ayeyars asendulo. U-Ivan III wakhonza washonelwa ekudingisweni kweLithuania, lapho indodana yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo iseseyinsizwa.
Leli qiniso lingelomndeni ophawuleka libangela ukudideka kwizi-mlando. Imininingwane yokuqala ekhombisa i-biography yabantu baka-Ivan Grozny, ingeyaka-1543. Ngemuva kwalokho wabhalwa ngumbusi wesithathu enkabeni yedolobha ebizwa ngokuthi u-Elhatma. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungesasekho yun, ngakho-ke kwakumangazayo ukuthi akuzange kube khona ukuhlonishwa noma ukufanelekela kubuhlungu.
Kepha u-Alethei Danilovich wazibonakalisa ngokuqinile. Imithombo ikhombisa - iBasmanov yathatha iqhaza ngqo eConpiracy ngokumelene nentandokazi yeGrozny, Advisor Fyodor Vorontsov.
Ukusabela kwenkosi kwalandela masinyane. Kepha ukucindezelwa akuzange kuthinte umfana wesikhathi esizayo. Futhi ngo-1550 umsebenzi wakhe wezempi waqala, owaphawulwa yimicimbi efana nokuthathwa kweKazan, ukubhekana nobuhle ngenani lama-horde devlet-hire ngo-1555 nempi egqamile eMvelo yaseNarva ngesikhathi sempi yaseLivonia.
Ukusebenzela ubukhosi
U-Alexey Danilovich wabamba iqhaza emikhankasweni yaseKazan. Ngo-1552, usevele wathola isikhundla samawele e-ocolnich, kanye noPeter Ivanovich Shuisky wenziwa umyalo wenkosi, wazungeza amashalofu azungeze idolobha ebusuku.
Ukuvinjezelwa kweKazan kwakunzima - hhayi ukulungiswa okuhle kwesitha kuphela, kodwa nokuqinisa iKremlin. Ababusi baseMoscow banquma ukuchezukisa idolobha ensimini ye-Agian. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubunzima belilungu le-6.5-metret lamamitha ayi-15 ngokujulile.
Isimo esinzima savuka ekwindla yango-1552, lapho ingxenye yamabutho aseRussia asuka endaweni ethuthukile futhi ayengalindele ukuhlaselwa kwamaTatar kungazelelwe. Lapho-ke inkosana uMikhail Vorotynsky, uPeter Morozov noJuri Kashin bathola amanxeba amakhulu.
Kepha iqembu laseBastov lafika ngesikhathi. Ukwazile ukuvikela izikhundla ezinqotshwe futhi abonise ukuhlaselwa, ngenxa yokuvinjezelwa kweKazan kwaqhubeka. Septhemba 30, kwathathwa imizamo yokuqala yokuhlaselwa kukaKremlin. Impi evuthayo yaphenduka iphumelele amabutho aseRussia - kungenzeka ukuthi ibambe ingxenye yodonga. UVorotynsky waphuthuma wathumela izithunywa enkosini, kangangokuba wabikela lesi simo, wacela ukunikeza imvume ekuhlaseleni okuphelele.
Kodwa-ke, amashalofu asele ayengakulungele impi enqumayo. Wenze ngo-Okthoba 2 - Idolobha linikele. Futhi u-Alexey Danilovich waba eKazan ehluliwe kumbusi wesithathu.
Ngo-1555, uBasmanov waphendula futhi. Lapho-ke ibutho laseMoscow liholele ngu-Ivan Vasilyevich SheremeyTev ashayisana neGerllet Gurla High. IKazan Voivod iphethwe ngesikhathi esifushane kunazo zonke ukuqoqa ibutho lamaqhawe ayizinkulungwane eziyi-7 futhi yafika kwimali engenayo, ibonisa iziteleka zesitha (iCrimean Hana yayinezinkulungwane ezingama-60) izinsuku eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60. Ukuhlaselwa okulandelayo kweTatar kwaphulwa, futhi u-Alexey Danilovich walokho kufanele kunikezwe i-chin boyarin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathuthela eNovgorod, lapho athatha khona okuthunyelwe kombusi wesibili.
Kepha bekungafanele ngiphumule kuma-laurels isikhathi eside. Izikhundla eziqinisa eningizimu nasempumalanga yezwe zenze ukuthi zikwazi ukubheka i-Ntshonalanga. Kwaqala impi yaseLivonia, u-Ivan IV wafunwa eBaltic kanye nentuthuko yokwakhiwa kwezohwebo neYurophu.
Isizathu sokubuyela emuva komkhankaso wamasosha sasinda. Kwathi ngoJanuwari 1558, amabutho aseRussia afinyelela enqabeni yeNARVA. I-Order yeLivonia icele umkhakha futhi futhi ngokuzithandela wadlula edolobheni laseRussia. Kepha entwasahlobo, ngephule isivumelwano, ngiqala ukucekelwa phansi kwezenzo zokuphendula.
IBasmanov, kanye noDanil Adshev no-Ivan Burilin bathuthela eNarva. NgoMeyi 11, kwaqala ukuqhuma okunenkani, okwaphumela emlilweni omkhulu. Abazange bazihlole, futhi u-Alexey Danilovich wakhombisa isinyathelo kuqala futhi waphuthuma ekuhlaselweni nalomkhosi. Lapho nje idolobha lithathwe, umbusi waseNovgorod wayala ukuthunyelwa kwesibhamu esiya enqabeni futhi waqala ama-shelling. Amasosha e-oda anikele futhi aze afaka ilungelo lokushiya inqaba ngokukhululekile.
Impumelelo enkulu yeBoyarin kanye nababusi baka-Ivan IV yeGrozny ukuthi washeshe wasazisa leso simo futhi wakwenza umthwalo wemfanelo kwi- "Likhim Rock" futhi ngaphandle kokulungiselela okwengeziwe ukuze uqhubeke nesiphepho senqaba. Ezinye izazi-mlando ziphakamisa ukuthi eKazan, lapho uVorotynsky ecela imvume yokuqhubeka nempi, empeleni umsunguli wezinyathelo ezinqumayo wayebuye futhi.
Impumelelo yezempi yokugcina ye-boyarin ingeka-1564. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela okulandelayo, ama-devlet - ama-Devlet - kanye nendodana yakhe baphumula efeni eliphansi kweRyozan. Futhi lapho nje ngifunda ngokuhlaselwa kwesitha, ngokushesha kwahlasela ama-tatar athuthukile. Ukwazile ukuthwebula "izilimi" futhi uzithumele eMoscow.
Bese kuthiwa u-Alethei Danilovich kwadingeka acashe edolobheni lapho kwakungekho ngisho nasebusweni. Umthungi olula waqala ukuvikela - ukuhlaselwa kwaqala ngo-Okthoba 2 kwahlala izinsuku ezi-4. Ukuzivikela kweRyazan kuhambe ngempumelelo ehlukahlukene, kepha ngokushesha ukuhlaselwa kwesitha kukwazile ukuphinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uBasmanov waze waphishekela futhi wahlula ukuqunjelwa kwesitha.
Idumela le-boyarin ngasekupheleni kwempilo lalilibi kakhulu. Izazi-mlando zikubiza ngomunye wabaqambi bokuphatha i-Okrichnin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena, naphezu kokuguga, futhi wenza izinto zenyanya. Isibonelo, egameni lika-Ivan Grozny, washayela iMetropolitan Philip ethempelini.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Iqiniso lokuthi u-Alethei Danilovich wayenaye umfazi, wabonga ngokutholwa kwethuna lakhe esigodlweni saseSuzdal Pokrovsky. Ngokunokwenzeka, lona wesifazane wabhekisisa lapho ngemuva kokubulawa komyeni wakhe. Eminye imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu yombusi ikhona kuphela ezingeni lokucatshangwa.
I-wayar yayinezingane ezimbili - uPeter noFyodor Basmanov. Zombili izindlalifa ziphinde zaphawula ngesikhathi esemthethweni.
Ukushona
Ngo-1569, isikhulu sika-Athanasius vyazemsky sisola lo munyu ku-State Trive - imizamo yokudlulisa i-PsKov ne-Novgorod Poland. Ngakho-ke noma cha - akaziwa. Kungumbono wokuthi ukuqedwa kweBasmanov kuhlelwe yi-vasily kungcolile kanti uMaluta skurats.Isizathu esiqondile nezimo zokufa kwalo muntu ongumlando azikaziwa. Yize iningi lemithombo liphikelela ukuthi labulawa, nendodana yakhe yeNdabuko, eyayinamathela ummese esifubeni somzali wakhe esikhundleni sesithembiso senkosi uqobo.
Abanye abacwaningi babeka umlando wokuthi umlandeli nendlalifa anawo yini ejele ejele laseNeloozer. Usuku lokufa uBoyarina - 1570.
Kwezobuciko
Izincwadi
- Ngo-1862 - "Prince Isiliva" (Umlobi a. Tolstoy)
- 2002 - "AmaBasmans: Udumo Umbusi" (Umlobi a. I. Antonov)
- 2014 - "ICorsars Ivan Grozny" (Umlobi K. S. Badigin)
Amafilimu
- Ngo-1944 - U-Ivan Grozny (Umlingisi Ambrose Buchma)
- Ngo-1991 - "Tsar Ivan Grozny" (Actor Valentin Kulik)
- Ngo-1992 - "ukuduma kwezulu ngaphezulu kwe-Rus" (Umlingisi uViktor Scheglov)
- Ngo-2009 - "Tsar" (Umlingisi u-Alexander Docharo)
- Ngo-2009 - U-Ivan Grozny (Umlingisi Victor Zaporizhhya)
- I-2020 - "I-Grozny" (Umlingisi Vitaly Khaev)