I-Biograge
IMetropolitan Macarium yayiyisibalo esivelele senkolo sekhulu le-XVI. Ngaphansi kweNkosi encane, u-Ivan The Grozny Arbishop Novgorod noNovrorod noPSkovsky, owayengumsekeli kaJosephstania, waba yiVlaadyka yawo wonke amaRussia. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, umakhi wamathempeli noMlobi wabamqosha uCheti Mini wabalwa ebusweni beSonto elingcwele Church Church, inkumbulo yokukhulekelwa kukaJoseph Voloverky ngoDisemba 30.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Mirskaya biography yedolobha elikhulu iqale endaweni yango-1482. Umfana, oqanjwe ngegama lika-Ardungel Mikhail, wazalelwa endlini yamakholwa enkundla enkulu yaseMoscow. Okhokho bakhonza ngokwethembeka njengababusi base-Orthodox.
Kwakunabantu abaningi abahlobene nesonto emndenini wenkolo. Ezinkumbulweni zomndeni, uJoseph Volootsky, u-Igumen Vasian, Sactorediere, Archimandrite Cassian kanye nabanikazi abaningi bezikhundla ezingokomoya.
Mayelana nabazali bayazi kancane. Ubaba ogama lakhe linguLentius ushonile ngemuva nje kokuba indodana yazalwa. Umama wasuka ngaphandle komyeni wakhe waya esigodlweni sezindela futhi wamukela ukuthambekela njenge-iokin efrosigina.
Ngiseyingane, uMikhail, wakhulela esiko lokukholwa kwama-Orthodox, wanquma ukulahla umhlaba waba yi-novice. E-Pafyev-Borovsky Monastery, etholakala ekuhlanganiseni kwama-eschers kanye ne-Proto, wathola igama ukuhlonipha i-hermit ye-macaria of the Great (Egypy: kuhlonishwa amakholwa encwadini yeLam ..
Khona-ke le nsizwa yangena esigodlweni sezindela, esanikezwa uJosefa Volootsky kuyise ka-Paphunia. Uthisha kanye nomsunguli weJosePho-Volosolamsksk DiscUDIPY babe nomthelela omkhulu ekubukeni komhlaba kwe-metropolitan yesikhathi esizayo.
Iminyaka eminingana, u-Inok wafunda izincwadi zesonto. Abalingani abaphezulu basiza ukuqondisisa okushiwo yimikhuleko namacici, kanye nobuciko bokupenda kwesithonjana. Ngijabule esitokisini, indodana kaLeonty wachitha izinsuku ecabanga ngokuthobeka nokuzithoba, kwasiza ukujwayela ukuncipha phakathi nokuthunyelwe okuningana okuqinile.
Ukugcina esimweni
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1520s, uMakarius wabekwa uphawu lokuduka kwentombi yeMozhais-Puddhagian yeNkosazana yaseMozhaisk, wabe esethola iSan Archbishop Pskov neNovgorod nendawo kwesinye sezindawo ezindala zeRussia Dioceses.
Ungqongqoshe onamandla webandla wathumela amandla okulungisa lesi simo emnyangweni, lapho iminyaka eyishumi yayingafani neVladyka. Umsekeli ongaguquki owafunda ngesimo sezinto ezindabeni zesilisa nabesifazane, waqala ukusungula umnotho wezindela futhi wathola ukudluliswa kwezifunda zendawo ku "Ihostela Charter".
Ngokwandisa inani lamaChristian Company, lapho kwakuhlala khona izakhiwo namaNuns ngaphansi kophahla olufanayo, uMacarius waqalisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-arch yesonto evuselelwe esontweni - isihlahla somuthi wesonto. Ngaphandle kokunakwa, uVlaadyka akazange aqhubeke nenqubo yokubuyiselwa kwezithonjana ezinkulu ezingcwele kanye nama-frescoes emathempelini aphakathi ePSKOV ne-NOVgorod.
Esontweni laseSt. Sophia, okwakuyisikhungo esingokomoya seDiocese, umbhishobhi omkhulu sakhipha i-Great Chethembep Mouni, owayengumhlangano wezikhumbuzo zangempela nezihunyushwe ezikhona eRussia ezikhathini zasendulo. I-arch, ebala amavolumu ayishumi nambili, yabekwa emtapweni wezincwadi weSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Ngenxa yalokhu, izincwadi zemiBhalo Engcwele, i-Capema neminye imibhalo yemvelo ye-didactic nezomlando zigcinwe kuze kube namuhla.
Entwasahlobo yango-1542, ababayo abavela kwiNkosana edumile yaseShuisi, ababebuswa esosibuthweni sobukhosi baseRussia u-Ivan Ivan, bakwazisa ubuhle bombhishobhi omkhulu wePSKOV ne-NOVgorodsky futhi bakwenza kwaba ngumlandeli wokuqiniseka yeMetropolitan IOASAF. UMacarius akazange ahlangabezane nokulindelwe kwababusi futhi abe nomthelela ekususeni kwabo emandleni.
Esikhathini esizayo, uMacarius waba yilungu leRada ekhethiwe futhi waba nomthelela omkhulu ezenzweni zoMbusi, inkosi noGrand Suke Bonke. Ngo-1547, ongowokuzalwa eMoscow wahamba nendodana kaVasily III embusweni futhi wayisekela inhloso yakhe yokushada nendodakazi yedolobha laseSchoolnichnaya anastasia Romanovna Zakharia-yurieva.
Ngemuva komkhosi oqinile ethempelini lase-Orthodox Kremlin, lapho uJohane osemncane etholwa khona ezandleni zedolobha elikhulu, isiphambano somuthi onika impilo nesigqoko sikaMonakh, izinguquko zaqala ngesimo se-Orthodox. Ngonyaka wokubiza kwesonto lokuqala leZemstvo, owayemukele izinguquko zezwe, waphikelela ekuhlelweni kwezincomo futhi ekhazimulisa abangcwele abasha futhi wenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela izimpilo.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-1550 emhlanganweni ngokubamba iqhaza kuka-Ivan okubabayo, umfana kanye nabameleli baka-Aberths abaphezulu kakhulu, okwakutholile igama lesonto lendawo lendawo, uMacarius wavikela ilungelo lokufunda izindela ezweni, ephikiswa ngu-Andrei KurBanky kanye neTsarist Mentor protopope sylvester. Ngasikhathi sinye, eMoscow, badala indlu yokuphrinta enakekela izincwadi zesonto.
I-Metropolitan Moscow futhi lonke iRussia layazi ngenqubomgomo yenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yombuso. UVlaadyka wabusisa umkhankaso webutho likaYwan IV eKazan futhi wabikezela ukunqoba okungenamibandela. Lapho amabutho avakashela izindawo ezihlotshaniswa negama lomkhuzi odumile uDmitry Donssyy, wathumela izindaba mayelana nokuthathwa kwedolobha, okwakuyi-Church of Basil ebusiswe enhlokodolobha. Kamuva, uMakariyu, wangcwelisa lo msebenzi wobuciko wezakhiwo, wathumela endaweni eyayithumba i-Archbishop Guria, emhlabeni obizwa ngokuthi yiGrigory Rugotin emhlabeni, futhi wayisekela ngokuqinile imisebenzi yothisha kanye nevangeli.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Empilweni yomuntu siqu yedolobha elikhulu, kwakungekho ndawo yonkosikazi wakhe nezingane, ngakho-ke wayenendaba nalowo nalowo owayehambele esifundeni sakhe.UVlaadyka akazange ahlanganyele abantu abacebile nabampofu, abancane nabakhulu. Wasiza eziboshwa ezakhe futhi waqoqa imali yokuthenga amasosha aseRussia athumba amatatara. Ngesikhathi sesomiso ne-mora, umbhishobhi omkhulu wasePSkov no-Novgorod babiza ukucekelwa phansi nezinsuku ezimbalwa ngokulandelana kokufunda izintshumayelo nemikhuleko. Ngokuya ngenganekwane, ukufafaza okuzungezile kwamanzi angcwele kwaqeda ubhubhane olubi oluthatha amakhulu ezimpilo.
Ukushona
Ekwindla ka-1563, iMetropolitan yayibanda ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa konkulunkulu futhi yatshela inkosi, yazibandakanya nephrojekthi yezwe kanye "nokukhanya okumangalisayo kwe-Officialion" mayelana nezinhloso zokushiya inhloso futhi zichithe ezinye izinsuku esigodini sezindela zePafnutiyevo-Borovsky.
U-Ivan okubi ayengafuni ukuhlala ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kommeleli oyinhloko wabefundisi futhi wathonya iMakAria ukuthi ashintshe imiqondo yawo. Izinkinga zempilo zanda, kwathi ngosuku lokugcina luka-1563, uVlaadyka washona ngokuzumayo.
IziKronike, ziphothule ethuneni ethembeni lesonto lokucabanga, zathumba isithombe sesibalo esifile senkolo futhi washo ukuthi ubuso bakhe 'bakhanyisa iShyaya, kanye nokungazinzi izinto zomusa kanye nezinye izimfanelo zomusa, UJaco ofile, kepha uJaco ulala videoti. "