I-Biograge
Ama-Protop Sylvester angomunye wabeluleki baka-Ivan abesabekayo, ongokwenkolo nosopolitiki baseRussia XVI Celi ngekhulu. Ikhanda le-annunciation Cathedral liyingxenye yeRada ekhethiwe futhi ngomunye wabaholi bakhe. Umpristi we-Orthodox waseRussia waziwa nangokuthi umbhali womsebenzi we "Mncane i-Domostroy" kanye nokuphila kweNdlovukazi Engcwele yePrincess Olga.Ubuntwana nentsha
Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwamadoda namanye amaqiniso e-biography okuqala abacwaningi abumiswanga, kodwa ngokuya ngemibiko ethile, wayengowokuzalwa eNoverodi futhi avela emndenini wompristi. Iminyaka eseduze yempilo yakhe ibilisiwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-XV - maphakathi nekhulu le-XVI.
Ukusho kokuqala kwe-silvestre kubhekisele esikhathini sika-1543-1547, lapho efika egcekeni lisuka e-Novgorod liye edolobheni laseMetropolitan noma lafika ekubuyiseleni kwakhe. Ngokwezinkumbulo zabantu besikhathi sikaphila ngesikhathi, isimilo esiphakeme, ukwethembeka nokubonga kungahle kubengelwa izici zomfanekiso wesibalo senkolo.
Inkambo
Umsebenzi weSonto uyamangalisa ngokuhamba kwakhe. Kukholakala ukuthi ngesikhathi Big eMoscow Nomlilo 1547 kanye ukuvukela alandelayo Sylvester bavele ngaphambi abasha u-Ivan IV nge inkulumo accusatory, isola tono kodvwa ubugebengu, kanye nesibhicongo yena lilinganise ukuthi isijeziso sikaNkulunkulu. Lesi sakhiwo sasiboniswa kamuva esithombeni se-pavel pleshakov.I-Tsar ayizange ithukuthelele ukuphindisela inkosi, khona-ke yayingathukutheli ngompristi onesibindi, kodwa ngokuhlukile, yasondela kuye ngokwakhe futhi yabuyiselwa kokubuyiselwa kwamaKhatholika ngesikhathi seKremlin. Ngoba edolobheni lasedolobheni, iSylvester selifunde ukuqonda i-iConopisses, usizo lwakhe ngokubuyiselwa kanye nemiyalo kumakhosi abhalwe.
Kancane kancane, ibandla lajoyina impilo yezepolitiki yenkantolo yasebukhosini, edlala indima ngokuphelele emlandweni wokuguqulwa. Wenza kanye nomphathi we-maxim Greek kanye neVoevoda Alexei yi-Adshev yentando kaHulumeni ongakahleleki ngaphansi kwe-Ivan Grozny - ekhethiwe rada. Amandla alo mzimba kwakuwukuthi ngisho ne-wayar duma enyakaze.
Ukupholisa u-Ivan vasilyevich kumeluleki wakhe kubalwe isikhathi sokugula okukhulu kwenkosi. Abaphenyi baphinde bahlobanise isibani nokwenqatshwa kweSylvest ukuze bafunge ukuthembeka endodaneni yeTsarist futhi balondoloze ubudlelwano nomfowabo weGrand Duke, uVladimir Staritsky.
Yiba yilokho njengoba kungenzeka, kancane kancane ibandla lisuswe ezindabeni zomphakathi, futhi waqala izibopho zakhe ngokushesha. Ngalesi sikhathi, kusebenza ngesahluko 64 "Domostroja" - ibutho lemithetho yokuziphatha yezakhamizi. Kukholakala ukuthi umyalezo wokugcina kanye nesijeziso esivela kuYise siya eNdodaneni kulesi sahluko sibhalwe umpristi wendlalifa wakhe.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, uGrozny waxosha futhi wakhetha iRada, njengoba ayengakwehlile nabameleli bakhe ekubukeni kwenqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe.
Ngemuva kuka-1560, lapho amahlelelezi ngokuzibandakanya kompristi ekufeni kuka-Anastasia Zakharynya-yurieva, iSyvevester waya eKirillo-Belozerky Monastery, emva kwesigodlo sezindela saseKirillo-belozersky, lapho amukela khona, lapho eyamukela khona, lapho eyamukelwa khona, lapho wamukela khona, wamukela u-Ink Pipidon. Lapha, ngokwethenjwa, futhi usebenzise ezinye izinsuku zami umeluleki odumile u-Ivan owayesabekayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umndeni woMsebenzi weBandla watholwa eNovgorod. Ngokubambisana nendodana ka-Antim, umpristi wahlanganyela ekwakheni izincwadi nezithonjana ezibonisa ukuthengiswa phakathi kwezinye izimpahla. Ngokusho kobufakazi obubhalwe phansi, iSylvester, kanye nendlalifa, izindaba zokuhweba zaholwa, kubandakanya nabathengisi bakwamanye amazwe, kepha ezinye zezimali azikhohlwa ukudela isonto.
Ngokwezinsolo zalezi zinto ezedlule, kwakungezezindaba zabahwebi abathengisi baphesheya kwezilwandle, ama-protop anomthelela ebudlelwaneni besivumelwano saseRussia nomakhelwane.
Ukushona
Kukholakala ukuthi iprotopop Sylvester yashona ngo-1566, yize imbangela yokufa kangaka kuze kube manje akekho umcwaningi owatholayo. Isayithi lokungcwaba libonisa indawo yeKirillov yesigodlo sezindela.
Ngemuva kwayo, umpristi we-Orthodox wasuka emacesini amasiko, futhi inzalo iyamkhumbula njengomuntu onethonya enkantolo yakwa-Ivan Vasilyevich. Ngokweminye imibiko, inani lesonto libeka isandla salo ekwakhiweni kwerejista yezindaba zokuhlobisa igumbi legolide lesigodlo saseKremlin futhi lasebenza nabadwebi be-Icon.
Isithombe seBandla sithunjwa emgqeni weMinyaka eyiNkulungwane yaseRussia, wavula ngo-1862 ezweni lakubo. I-cinema itshelwa kumafilimu amaningi "Ivan Grozny" (2009) kanye ne- "Grozny" (2020).