I-Biograge
UMerab Markdashvili - Umcabangi weSoviet, isazi sefilosofi, uProfesa, saziwa ukuthi sisebenza kwifilosofi yokwazi, ulimi nobuciko.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMerab Konstantinovich Markdashvili wazalelwa emndenini wamasosha edolobheni laseGori (Georgia) ngoSepthemba 15, 1930. Lo mndeni wathuthela eRussia, lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-4: uyise wathunyelwa ukuyofundela uLeningrad. Ngesikhathi iNdodana kwadingeka iye esikoleni, abazali bayo bathuthela e-Ukraine.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1940, inhloko yomndeni yahamba ngaphambili, yathumela umkakhe nengane eya eTbilisi. Lapha uMerab uthweswe iziqu esikoleni nokuthi i-Golide Medist eya eyunivesithi, ekhetha ubuhlakani befilosofi yaseMoscow State University. Intshisakalo yokuqashelwa komuntu kanye nohlobo lokucabanga kwavela kusosayensi ebusheni bakhe. Ngemuva kokuthola idiploma, wanquma ukuqhubeka nokutadisha kwesayensi esiswini seziqu.
Ukulungiselela ukubhalwa kwe-dissertation, uMamardashvili usebenze ephephabhukwini "imibuzo yefilosofi", lapho ahlelwa khona kuphela futhi wabuyekeza lokho okuqukethwe, kodwa futhi kwashicilelwa izindatshana zokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho uMerab Konstantinovich uthole inkomba yokusebenza eCzechoslovakia.
Izwe eliphesheya, wachitha iminyaka emi-5, esebenza njengesihleli, kwathi iPhini leNhloko yeNtabuko "yezinkinga zokuthula nezenhlalo". Emakhasini encwadi, isazi sefilosofi saseGeorgia sanyathelisa futhi izindatshana zakhe.
Ngalesi sikhathi, wakwazi ukusungula ukuxhumana nabacabangi baseYurophu, wayevame ukuhambela eFrance, lapho okuzungezile kwaqala ukubiza amaGeorgian isakhamuzi somhlaba. IMerab uqobo, iKonstantinovich, ayikaze ikholelwe, njengoba ayengaqondi ukwahlukaniswa kwesayensi nobuciko ekuba nakuzwelonke.
Ngaphambi nje kokufakwa kwamabutho eCzechoslovakia, uMamardashvili wabizelwa ezweni lakubo, engacimi uhambo lwebhizinisi, nangemva kokwenqaba ngokuphelele ukuya kwelinye izwe. Usosayensi wabuyela ePhini lePhini Lomhleli-I-Phece ePhilosophy Publishing House futhi afundise ngochwepheshe bezengqondo embusweni waseNyuvesi yasembusweni ngesihloko sokuhlaziywa kokwazi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, waqala ukuhlanganisa amarekhodi alalelwayo ezifundo ezifundwayo ngendlela yezingxoxo, izitatimende zazo zaba izingcaphuno, kanye nezinkulumo ngokwazo zisebenzisa izwe kanye neSoviet. Ngale minyaka, umcabangweni wahola izifundo ezikhethekile ze-Faculty of Filosophy, ebhekise uMnyango Wezokusebenza Kwezizwe Zokusebenza Kwezesayensi Zamazwe Ngamazwe.
Isihloko sodokotela wesayensi kadokotela uMerabe Konstantinovich sabelwa eTbilisi ngo-1970, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa waba nguprofesa. Maphakathi nawo-70s, ezombusazwe zingenelele e-Biography Yezabasebenzi. Ngenxa yokwehluka kwemibono, washiya phansi isikhundla "ngezinkinga zefilosofi" futhi wayeka izinkulumo eMoscow State University. Lapho-ke usosayensi wayengeke akwazi ukukhuluma iqiniso, empeleni abe ngumphakathi oqondayo.
Eminyakeni emihlanu eyalandela, uMagerdashvili wasebenza esikhungweni somlando wesayensi yemvelo nobuchwepheshe be-Academy of Sciences ngumcwaningi ophezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, wafunda izifundo emlandweni wefilosofi, kufaka phakathi ifilosofi yobuciko yasendulo, ukuhlaziya ukwazi kwabafundi zamanyuvesi ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-VGIK.
Ngawo-1980, usosayensi wamenyelwa eTbilisi, kwi-Institute of Filosophy. Lapha wasebenza esikhundleni somcwaningi omkhulu kuze kube ngu-1990, ukufunda izinkulumo ku-Direct Opristi kanye nokwenza izinto zawo wonke umuntu. Cishe ngalesi sikhathi empilweni yomcwaningi kamuva wabhala umngani wakhe uGivi Marggelashvili.
Ifilosofi
Ngenkathi efunda kanye nalabo afunda nabo, uMerabi wasungula isiyingi esigqoke ngokusemthethweni isimo sokulungiswa kwesemina. Eqinisweni, "izitaki zezilimi" okuxoxwe ngazo izinkomba ezahlukahlukene zesayensi ezifundwayo. Izinkulumo zabahlanganyeli zaziqhutshwa ezingqungqutheleni, zivuse izingxabano ekuvikelweni kwamadiploma kanye nezinhlaka futhi maphakathi nama-50s athonye kakhulu umphakathi wefilosofi.
Lapho kungekho khona ukuba khona kwale nhlangano eshukumisayo yasenyuvesi, futhi amalungu akhe ehamba zonke izindlela, uMamardashvili usevele wabona ukuthi useduze nemibono yakwaSocrates nomsebenzi wesayensi ngaphandle kwalokhu ukunyakaza.
Umsebenzi owengeziwe wokucabanga ngekhulu le-XX uhlotshaniswa nokuphikisana nefilosofi kanye nokwakhiwa kokuqondisa okuzimele kwesayensi yakhe ethandekayo. Ngesikhathi sokuphila komsebenzi wesosayensi, kwakhishwa okuncane, ngakho-ke amarekhodi ezingxoxo zakhe ngeMarseille Prosthe, u-Imanuel Kant, uRene Descarte, kanye nezifundo ezifundwa nguye zazidumile kakhulu. Lezi zinto ezilalelwayo ziyisisekelo samagugu okudala acabangayo.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi socwaningo, lo mcwaningi waqhamuka ezincwadini zakhe eziningana, phakathi kwazo umsebenzi "Ngiyayiqonda ifilosofi." Amarekhodi abhalwe phansi asele kuyindlela yedayari. Manje zigcinwa emalungwini omndeni kasosayensi, futhi ingxenye yomsebenzi, kufaka phakathi "isidingo ngokwazo" kanye "nomuntu" ongenzeka, "enyatheliswa ababhali nabahlanganisi bayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Empilweni yomuntu siqu, umcabangi kwakuyinhliziyo ezwakalayo. Njalo lapho uthulisa luthandana nolusuku lokugcina, futhi wazabalaza, wazama ukwenza abangane phakathi kwalowo owayeyintombazane yangaphambili.
Kuthiwa yonke impilo yakhe indoda ithandana nemnyuziyamu yakhe - owesifazane ogama lakhe linguZelma, umdala kakhulu kunaye. Umqondisi uNatalia Ryazantsva, owayekhuluma ngomuntu engimaziyo nososayensi ohlelweni lwe-StonePozner, kubalwa ngenxa yokuphila kwabo.
Emcimbini wesibili, amaGeorgiya athandana noNina Morasov, alandelwa ngentshiseko, anqobe umfucuzo okhethiwe. Enye yezintombi zentombazane kwakunguRaisa Titarenko, owabe esethatha isibongo somyeni wakhe uMikhail Gorbachev futhi waba yintokazi yokuqala yezwe. Futhi-ke, ngo-1953, zombili iziqoqelana zomshado ezibhalisiwe ehhovisi leRegistry ogwini lwasehlathini futhi zaqala ukwakha ikusasa lomndeni.
Ngokushesha umfazi wanikeza uMerab indodakazi u-Alane (Elena). Le ntombazane yayivame ukuba nobuntwana eGeorgia, futhi kamuva lapho kunconywa odokotela ngokushintsha isimo sezulu saqhubeka eTbilisi, lapho ahlala khona iminyaka engu-9, kwaze kwaba ngu-1976. AKULUNGILE Akukho lutho olwaziwa ngezinye izingane ze-georgia soperrates.
Manje u-Elena Merabovna ubandakanyeka ezincwadini zokushicilela uYise. Ngokuzibandakanya kwayo, umsebenzi we- "toology yezengqondo yomgwaqo" kanye "nezingxoxo zokucabanga" ziphume. Ushicilela kuwebhusayithi yeSisekelo Mamardashvili izinto zokwakha kanye namarekhodi ezinkulumo ezicabangayo. Lapha ungathola izithombe ezingandile, ividiyo kanye nezinto zokulalelwayo.
Ukushona
Isazi sefilosofi saseGeorgia safa ngokuzumayo ngoNovemba 25, 1990 eMoscow Airport "vnukovo", lapho ngangizongena khona eTbilisi. Imbangela esemthethweni yokufa ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Isimo somzimba womcabangi wabathandekayo bakhe nabangane bakhe bachaza ukushushiswa kukaMamardashvili ngaphansi kokuphikisana nemibono ye-zviad garsakhuurdia, ophikisana naye ukhetho lukaMongameli eGeorgia. Ithuna lososayensi liseTbilisi, eduze komngcwabo kaYise.Ukukhumbula
- Isikhumbuzo uM. K. Magamdashvili eTbilisi eRugtalvelivenue. Sculptor Ernst akwaziwa
- UStela unesithombe esibukhali sikaM. K. Magamdashvili emnyango we-gori
- Isisekelo sokucwaninga kwefilosofi kanye nokuhlangana okuqanjwe nguM. K. Magamdashvili
Imibhalo:
- Ngo-1987 - "Ephendula ukuhoxa kwezimpumputhe?"
- 1990 - "Indlela Eya Ekhaya"
- Ngo-1991 - "Socrates on Duels"
- 1993 - "Isikhathi SaseMerab"
- 2005 - "I-Georgia cant"
- 2005 - "Merab Magamdashvili"
- I-2020 - "Iqiniso libiza kakhulu kunendawo yokuzalwa"
Amacaphuna
- "Ufuna ukuphila ufuna ukuthatha amaphuzu amaningi wesikhala nesikhathi, okungukuthi, ukugcwalisa noma ukuwangeza njengoba thina ngokwethu singenawo."
- "Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami (ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ngibe khona, futhi ngaqala ukuzibandakanya kwifilosofi) kwakungu ... isipiliyoni sokungaqondakali ngokuphelele, ngingiholele ekudidekeni kobumpumputhe babantu ngaphambili."
- "Abantu abaningi bakulungele ukuhlupheka kuze kube phakade (njengo" ngeshwa "), ukuze bangahluphi kanye ('njenge" ngesibindi ", ion.e."
- "Eminye yemithetho yempilo yaseRussia ibubula noma inciphise okuhle, kepha kusasa. Nawo wonke umkhawulo, ndawonye. Namuhla - Kusho ukuthini ukuthi ngibe nomusa, lapho konke kuthukuthele? "