I-Biograge
U-Eitel Voyan wazalelwa e-Ireland, wabhala ngesiNgisi washona e-United States. Kodwa-ke, inoveli yombhali ngomhlaseli, olwela inkululeko ye-Italy evela kwabahlali base-Austrian, bathola ukuthandwa okukhulu kakhulu eTsarist Russia nase-USSR. Incwadi ethi "Ukudla" icaphune uNikolai Ostrovsky emsebenzini "Insimbi yensimbi yaqina kanjani", wafundwa futhi ephefumulelwe amaqhawe esikhathi esizayo senqola enkulu yokuthanda izwe lonke kanye no-Alexander KosmodemMyMyky.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa ngoMeyi 11, 1864 edolobhaneni lase-Ireland laseBallinkle, emndenini kaProfesa weMathematics George Bul. Le ntombazane ebizwa ngokuthi i-Ethel Lilian kwakuyindodakazi yesihlanu yomunye wabasunguli bengqondo yezibalo, imithetho yakhe ngekhulu lama-20 yaqala ucwaningo uBertrand Russell noClaude Shannon. Odadewethu abadala be-Novelist - u-Alicia, uLucy, uMariya noMargaret - baba ososayensi abazimele, amakhosikazi kanye noMama Machimetatics.
Lapho u-Ethel wayesengunyaka owodwa, uyise washona. Imbangela yokufa kwendoda eneminyaka engu-49 yaba yi-pneumonia. Izinkinga ezinamaphaphu zisebuntwaneni kanye ne-noresist yesikhathi esizayo. Ngalesi sizathu, umama u-Ethel ungumfundisi wezibalo kanye nesithandwa samagugu endoda enomukile uMariya Everest, ngeSekondari futhi umuntu owayesebenza emgqeni.
Ekuxhumaneni nomshana, umalume wagxila ekuqedeni "kwezinto ezimbi" zentombazane. Ngakho-ke, lapho kubonakala sengathi isihlobo esiphezulu sabonakala sengathi u-Ethel uthathwe ushukela ngaphandle kokufuna, wavala indodakazi kaMfowethu ongasekho eChalana.
Umlobi wezingane wezingane uboniswe kwinoveli "Jack Reimond". Ngokuphila, u-Ethel wagcina eyinqaba yenkolo nenhliziyo, ekholelwa ukuthi inkolo ingaphoqa umuntu amandla ku-Dynamics kanye neKhomishini Yezenzo Ezimbi. Ikhotheshini eyaziwayo evela emsebenzini weWaiche "Thatha izicathulo zakho":
"Cishe, uNkulunkulu nje udonse zonke izoni ezulwini, lapho izingelosi ziyaphenduka, bese zivimbela ukubukeka ukuthi yena ngokwakhe akaqondi lapho."Eminyakeni embalwa, umama wathola umsebenzi eLondon futhi ethatha indodakazi encane ethekwini laseBrithani. Ngo-18, u-Ethel wathola ifa elincane futhi wangena eBerlin Conservatory ukuthuthukisa kulo mdlalo epiyano. Enhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseJalimane, le ntombazane yaba khona ezinkulumweni zabagqila futhi yaba nesimo esikweni saseRussia.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Empilweni ka-Ethel, nobusha bakhe, ababegqoke kuphela ngengubo emnyama osukwini lololusizi lokungapheleli kwezwe, kwaba nomshado owodwa. Kepha ngaphandle komlingani, amanye amadoda amabili aveza umbono oqinile emdalweni we-ballinkle, futhi bobathathu babephuma eMbusweni waseRussia. Indoda ehlekisayo eyaba nomthelela empilweni kanye nobuqambi bombhali, baba ngabantu futhi babhala uSergey Kravchinsky, oshicilele ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym.Ngaphansi kwethonya le-buntar yaseRussia, eyayihlala eLondon, u-Ethel wafunda iminyaka engu-Russian kanye no-2 eSifundazweni saseVorezh njengomndeni wakwaVesevitinov. Iqiniso elithandekayo: Isinyathelo-Kravchinsky, esahlulela isithombe, esifana nesithombe sakhe uCarl Marx, saba prototype yomlingiswa ophambili hhayi kuphela ku "uthango lwe-Emil Zol". USergey Mikhailovich, njengo-Anna Karenina, washona ngaphansi kwamasondo esitimeleni. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, isigameko esibuhlungu esenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-1895 bekungeyona into yokuzibulala, kodwa ingozi.
Isibongo seVozhney Ethel sitholakele, siphuma ku-42 sishade nesiguquli sasePoland-Lithuania esabalekela eLondon, "kusho uMikhail Leonardovich Voynich, eNgilandi eyayihlala ngaphansi kwegama uWilfred Michael Voyniche. Umshado awuzange ulethe umlobi noma izingane noma ingcebo, kepha esikhathini esizayo waphenduka ukhungathekile: Umyeni walahlekelwa yimibono yothando futhi waphenduka i-antiquary. Ukufezekiswa kobungcweti kukaWilfred Michael kwakuwukutholwa kombhalo wesandla ngolimi lwakudala lwakudala, olubizwa ngokuthi "i-WarausScript".
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, othandekayo ka-Etel wayengowokuzalwa e-Odessa - iBritish Syw Sydney Railil. I-Spy, eyahlela ukubulawa ngu-Ester Yakovy Blumykina wenxusa laseJalimane eRussia, uWilhelm von Mirbach nokuma ekhanda lokusebenza "Trust", kwaba ngomunye wamaPrototypes weJames Bond. Isithombe sika-Raiti eSoviet Cinema safakwa ngu-Alexander Shirvindt, uVladimir Tatos noSergey Yursky.
Ingxenye yesibili yempilo ka-Ethel enikezelwe ekuqashelweni komculo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yempi-umqambi - i-oratorio "Babylon", i-Cantata "ngaphansi kwedolobha" ne "Epitaph ngesimo se-ballads".
Kusukela ngo-1920, uVoikhany wayehlala e-United States, eNew York. Ekuqaleni nomyeni wakhe, nangemva kokushona kwakhe - nomngane wakhe, intombi nonobhala ka-Anna Nill.
Izincwadi
I-Wagoney ngumlobi wamanoveli amahlanu, iqoqo lokuhumusha "amahlaya Russia" nokuhumusha ngolimi lukaWilliam Shakespeare of Tump Tam Taras Shevchenko. Umkhiqizo we-Debut "Wood" we-Ethel, okhuluma ngekusasa lika-Arthur Berton (Felice Rivares), i-Italian Revolutionary mayelana nekusasa lika-Arthur Berton.
Ephendula umbuzo kaBoris Polevoy mayelana nokuthi ubani owayesebenza njenge-prototype ye-central hero of the Roman edumile, umlobi wathi u-Arthur wawukuhlanganiswa kwemicabango yakhe, isipiliyoni, izingxoxo nge-Russian free-rope nokuphinda usebenzise izincwadi zokufunda. Ukudalwa kwesithombe samaRivares, u-Etel uphefumulelwe futhi "umfanekiso wensizwa" yebhulashi lomculi wase-Italy uFrancabijo. I-canvas ebonwa nguValkali ebusheni bakhe eLouvre yayala ukuthi indodakazi yezazi zezibalo iqambe umlobi we-biography egcwele umzabalazo, ukuhlupheka nokuswela. I-vocket ayikaze ihlukane nekhophi yesithombe.
Enye i-2 Roman Valkali - "ubungani obuphazamisekile" futhi "bathathe izicathulo zakho" - kuhlangene ngokwenza okuhlangene nekusasa lamaRavares. Owokuqala uchaza amaWanders e-Arthur eSouth America, kanti owesibili, owaba isihlabelo somlobi, - ama-bibaofiya okhokho womlingiswa wakhe othandekayo.
Kule noveli ethi "Olivia Lames" waboniswa impilo yomuntu siqu ka-Ethel. I-heroine ithanda izinguquko zaseRussia kuqala, bese kuba nakwabo osephosheni.
Yonke imisebenzi yeVichanic ine-anticleric oricleric. Izisusa eziphindaphindayo zamanoveli - ukushona kwengane, ubungani bakwaMfowethu nodadewabo noma uyise nendodakazi yakhe, ukuvela kwamaqhawe ohlobo olusha - ascetov, abalungele izisulu ngenxa yokulwa nobulungiswa.
Ukushona
U-Ethel Vichanic ushonele eNew York ehlobo leminyaka engama-1960 eneminyaka engama-96. Abaphenyi abavumelani nasenkombeni yosuku oluqondile lokufa kombhali "ODD". Amanye ama-Biographers akholelwa ukuthi umlobi ushone ngoJulayi 27, nabanye - lokho ngoJulayi 28.Eminyakeni engaphezu kwemihlanu ngaphambi kokushona kuka-Etel, ngesinqumo se-Nikita Khrushchev, uthole imali yokuhlelwa kwezincwadi zakhe eSoviet Union ka- $ 15 ngosayizi kanye nekhophi yefilimu ethi "izinkuni" nge-Oleg StrizHenov. Igumbi lamafilimu le-soviet lidumele.
Ngokusho kwentando yombango wesifasi, umzimba wakhe ushiswa, futhi uthuli lwaluxosha phezu kwepaki eliphakathi neNew York.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1897 - "Guyd"
- 1901 - "Jack Reimond"
- Ngo-1904 - u-Olivia sekwephuzile
- 1910 - "Ubungani obukhethiwe"
- 1945 - "Susa izicathulo zakho"