I-Biograge
Umlingisi waseshashalazini waseRussia uZinaida Reich wayengumnyuziyamu wabaculi abadumile bokuqala kwekhulu lama-20. Othandekayo nabayeni bakhe kwakunguSergey Yeenenin noVsevolod Meyerhold. Ubuhle obuzwayo, unikeze isihloko somculi ofanele we-RSFSR, wagqugquzela umsekeli wokubukwa okuqhubekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, owesifazane onethalente wayeyisiphetho esibuhlungu.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography kaZinaida Nikolaevna Reich yaqala e-Odessa ehlobo lika-1894. Le ntombazane yazalwa futhi yakhula endlini yesitimela uNikolai Andreevich (Agasti) uRaiha nowesifazane wakhe osemthethweni u-Anna Ivanovna Viktorovoy.
Ubaba, waseJalimane ngobuzwe, onamathela ekubukeni kwentando yeningi. Kusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1890s, wayeyilungu leqembu lezepolitiki le-PCDRP. Kwangithinta kabi isiphetho sabathandekayo, abahlukanisa izinkolelo zakhe. Ngenxa yoshushiso, lo mndeni waphoqeleka ukuba ushiye indawo yomakhelwane bese uqhubekela eTransnistria.
Ngemuva kokuba inhloko yeNdlu ethola umsebenzi we-Locksmith workshop we-Bender, i-Young Zina yangena endaweni ekhethekile yokuzivocavoca kwamantombazane aholwa ngukholo uGerasimenko. Kodwa-ke, idumela lomzali alizange livume ukuba lifundele isifundo esigcwele: ngemuva kwebanga lesi-8, le ntombazane ayifakwa.
Isifiso sokuqhubeka nemfundo sahola reich siye eKiev ezifundweni zabesifazane eziphakeme kakhulu ezisungulwe nguDkt Philosophical Sciences Sylvester Silvevestovich Gogotsky. Isitifiketi esidingekayo sokwamukelwa, ngomzamo omkhulu "wokuphelelwa amandla". Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1910, umdanso wase-Odessa wajoyina iqembu lezinguquko zeSocialist futhi wathuthela ePetrograd. Wonke umndeni, naye owashiya indawo efihliwe, waya ku-Eagle kuye esihlotsheni seVarvar Fansell.
Edolobheni, etholakala ogwini lweNeva, uZinaida wangena enobuhlakani obungokomlando nobubhalo kanye nezomthetho wesikhungo esikhethekile sabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwezinto eziphambili, ubuciko obuhle nezilimi zakwamanye amazwe bafundiswa lapho. Umfundi obhale enkambweni yokuqothula wawunomsebenzi onobhala we-Ecterariat wecala labantu "labantu". Lapho, wahlangana nezimbongi nababhali futhi wafunda ukuthi yiliphi i-avant-garde prose kanye namavesi okuhlola.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ehlobo lika-1917, uZinaida wayeshade ne-Poet Sergei Yeenin. Ubudlelwano obudlale indima ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu oboduka base-Odessa, ngasese kusemthethweni abefundisi bebandla leSonto Labafel'lwa Abangcwele BaseKirika nase-Iulitta, eliseduzane nedolobhana laseTolstikovo Volology Region. Ngokusho kwezithombe zemibhalo egciniwe, imbongi ka-Alexey Aleksevich Ganin kanye nommeli wabathengisi uDmitry Dmitry Dmitry Dmitrievch, kusuka e-Economist Sergey Mikhailovich kanye ne-Pavel Pavverovich Khitrov yasendaweni.Entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, yebona-reich, owayelinde ukugcwala emndenini, waya ku-Eagle ezihlotsheni. Lapho, ngasekupheleni kwendoda, indodakazi kaTatyana yazalwa, ngokufana nonina. Ukunakekela ingane ngesikhathi esithile kuhlukaniswe ama-Newlyweds. Umndeni uphinde wahlangana lapho onogada abamhlophe abaholwa ngu-Anton Denikin bahlasela i-Smooth emnyama ephakathi futhi umama nomntwana oshukunyiswa yimvelo yokuzivikela, washiya amabhange ayingozi e-Eagle no-Oka.
Ngonyaka, uJesen wahlala ezintathu efulethini laseMoscow. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imbongi ikhathele izinkathazo eziphathelene namakhaya futhi yathukuthelisa igebe. UZinaida, waqonda kabuhlungu ngokwenzeka, wathatha indodakazi waya kubazali. Imizamo yokuhlangana nomyeni wakhe ayizange ilethe noma yini enhle.
Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho umbhali wamaqoqo "enezindawo eziphakeme zasemakhaya" kanye ne- "Radunitsta" bebefuna injabulo emphakathini wamaMemoirrist Eateravskaya kanye nomdansi waseMelika uDuncan, uRanceing wabeletha wakhulisa okwesibili izinyawo zengane. Ukunakekelwa kuye kwatholakala, ngoba ngemuva nje kokuculwa komama kamama kamama kamama wokugula kwendodana yendodana kaKonstantin kwadingeka athathe ukwelashwa eKislovodsk.
Isizungu nokukhathazeka ngesimo somfana kwaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yezengqondo, ngakho-ke owesifazane wabekwa emtholampilo ogula ngengqondo ngaphambi kokuba umyeni wakhe athumele umbiko ngesehlukaniso esemthethweni.
Ngemuva konyaka ngemuva komshado wokuqala ongaphumeleli usuqediwe, umfazi wangaphambili ka-Yeyennin wajwayelana nesisebenzi seshashalazi eVsevolod Emilevich Meyerhold. Ngo-1922, ukuba ngumfundi wemihlangano yokusebenzela ephakeme kakhulu, uReich wamukela isiphakamiso sesandla sakhe nezinhliziyo futhi waphinde waya ngaphansi komqhele.
Kulokhu ukukhetha kuphumelele. Izithandani zindawonye nezingane ezivela emshadweni wokuqala zithuthelele eMoscow futhi zaphulukisa umphefumulo emphefumulweni. Umqondisi, umlingisi nothisha bamukele uKonstantin noTatiana, babanakekela njengobaba bomdabu baseyingane, yize benza iqiniso lokuthi uSergey Alexandrovich uSelvenin wayethola ukungena efulethini le-NOVInsky Boulevard futhi avame ukuvakashela. Umlingani omusha wabuye wagcizelela ekuhambeni kukamama nobaba womkakhe kusukela okhozi.
Ithiyeta
Ebusheni bakwaReich, ngethuba elijabulisayo, wawela isiyingi sabantu esihlotshaniswa nobuciko. Ngaphezu kukaSergey Yeenin, onikele inkondlo yakhe, wayengumngane no-Alexey Ghanin, uSergey Eisenstein, uSergey Yutkevich kanye nezinye izimbongi eziningi ezivelele, abaculi kanye ne-kheyenans.
E-Orel Zinaida Nikolaevna, ngokwesekwa kwabajwayelene, kwahlelwa uthisha wezifundo eziseshashalazini. Ngenxa ye-vsevolod meyerhold, waba khona iziqu zokusebenzela okuphezulu kakhulu.
Isikweletu esihle salowo unkosikazi wangaphambili wenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-1924. Udlale indima yezihlobo ezingezinhle ze-Aksyushi emahlathini amahlaya alexander ostrovsky "ihlathi".
Ngemuva kwenduna ephumelelayo ngeReich, bakhuluma njengomunye wabaculi abanekhono kakhulu. O-Odessa abomdabu bathatha indawo ephambili eTheatre Troupe eyadalwa ngumlingani. Ngokusho kwezithameli ezifunwayo, wayeyinkanyezi yangempela.
Ngo-1934, ukukhiqizwa kwe- "Lady noCamellias", lapho uZinada avele khona emfanekisweni we-heroine margarita gauthier, edumaze umgomo ophakeme kakhulu weSoviet Union. Umlingisi, ukuvumela izinsolo zokuphila ngobuhle obungadingekile, wabhala incwadi kuJoseph Stalin wabika ukuthi wayengeke asho lutho kubuciko besikhathi sanamuhla.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, egameni "sabaholi babantu", izivakashi zavalwa, futhi umholi nomyeni wakhe baboshwa. Umsebenzi ozosebenza uZinaida Nikolaevna waphazanyiswa kulokhu kungazelelwe.
Ukushona
Imbangela yokufa kweReich maphakathi noJulayi 1939 yaba imimese eminingi. Odokotela abafikile endaweni yomzamo wokubulala, abakwazanga ukusiza isisulu.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukushona kukankosikazi kaMeyerold, osolwa ngemisebenzi yokuguqula kabusha futhi kamuva wadubula, wajezisa i-Recidimist Vladimir Varnakov enaye enanzekayo, ubugebengu busabhekwa njengezingabonakali. Abamayelana nokwazana bathi umlingisi wahlekisa ngokufa kwakhe, ngakho-ke, u-Eva wesigameko okhethiwe endlini yezingane.
Kwahlelwa amahemuhemu ukuthi uZinaida akhishwe ngokuxhumana nabamele ubuciko, ukuthandwa kanye nencwadi e-Stalin. Bathe benza izandla ze-lavrenty beria zabantu abangaziwa.
Inkanyezi yesigameko saseSoviet yangcwatshwa kwenye yezingxenye zamathuna aseVagankovsky. Ithuna lafunda ezinganeni zika-Yeshenin, izihlobo ezimbalwa kanye nabazinikele ezimbalwa. Ku-diaries yezinkondlo u-Olga Bergholts kwakukhona irekhodi elinikezelwe ekubulaweni ngesihluku kwendima yeMargarita Gauthier ne-Akssushi. Imemori yeZinaide Nikolaevna igcinwe emsebenzini 'wezincwadi kowesifazane', olotshwe yimbongi enkulu yaseRussia.