I-Biograge
I-Aliduction of Science, i-Neuroeendocrinologist kanye noProfesa waseStanford University Robert Sapolski Spolski bazi izinkulumo nezincwadi eziphathelene nofuzo, ubuchopho kanye nokuziphatha komuntu kusuka endaweni yokubuka i-biology. Ngenxa yolimi olungabizi olushibhile kanye nama-juman yjumo, usosayensi wathola udumo olubanzi.Ubuntwana nentsha
URobert wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 6, 1957 eBrooklyn. Ubaba we-neuroendocrinologist yesikhathi esizayo wasebenza njengomakhi wezakhiwo futhi wathuthela eMelika e-USSR. URobert uqobo wayekude nobuciko bukaYise. Ngiseyingane, wathathwa kakhulu ngesayensi yemvelo - ethanda ukuchitha isikhathi emnyuziyamu womlando wemvelo eManhattan, uzibandakanya ne-gorilla yasezintabeni. Kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi nambili, umfana wabhala ososayensi bencwadi wabalandeli esosayensi ehlola ama-prim, futhi ephupha ngokuphuma eBrooklyn e-Afrika ekude e-Afrika.
ISapolski yayo i-biography igcwele amaqiniso amangalisayo, ngokuzethemba yahamba ngecala. Ezikoleni eziphakeme zesikole, waba yivolontiya eMnyangweni weMnyuziyamu othandekayo, wakwazi ukuthola ukusebenza ngelebhu yase-Primater yeKolishi yezokwelapha futhi waze wabhalisela izifundo ngesiSwahili.
Ku-21, uRobert uthweswe iziqu eBachelor emkhakheni we-anthropology eHarvard. Emva kwalokho, iphupho lakhe lagcwaliseka: Usosayensi waya eKenya ukuze afunde ngokuziphatha kwabaseBavia ophuzi lapho. Umcwaningi wayefuna ukuthola ukuthi isikhundla senhlalo sabangane ngamunye sithinta kanjani impilo yaso kanye nezinga lokuxineka, njengoba kudalulwe izifo ezicindezelekile nezinye izifo zengqondo. Kepha lapho kuqala izithuthuthu ze-Uganda neTanzania, uSapolski njengomuntu ofuna usizo wangempela ngokushesha waphuthuma lapho ukuze abe ngufakazi wezehlakalo zomlando. Kubonwa ebusheni bakhe kwahlatshwa umxhwele ngusosayensi othi amashumi eminyaka kamuva kwasiza ukwakha izinkulumo ku-physiology of nortiology phakathi ne-neurobiology.
Ngemuva konyaka nesigamu, uRobert wabuyela eMelika ukuze aqhubeke nemfundo yawo. Ngakho-ke wathola i-PH.D. E-Neuroendocrinology Filosofi eRockefeller University. Ngemuva kwalokho, uSapolski uqhubeke nokubhekana nengqondo yamapapa: iminyaka engamashumi amabili, wabuyela e-Afrika. Lapho, wahlala lapho emaphethelweni otshani nomquba, ubukele umhlambi wezinkawu ezingama-60, ngamunye wawo waba ngumngane osondelene naye. Kamuva, lezi zifundo zaba yisisekelo sencwadi yesayensi futhi ethandwayo ethi "Amanothi Omkhulu". Usosayensi uyavuma ukuthi uyazi ngezinkawu ngaphezu kwabantu.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
USapolski - uprofesa we-University of Stanford. Umcwaningi uhlanganisa izikhundla, esebenza ngokushesha eminyangweni eminingana ehlobene ne-neurology, neurosurgery kanye ne-biology.Njengompristi we-neuroeendocrinologist, uRobert uhlola i-psychology yokuxineka, kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kweGene ukwelashwa kwezifo ezinkulu. Study "ukucindezela endle", okuyiSapolski wabhala ngo-1990, usasebenza.
I-SAPOLSKI Work ishicilelwe kwiNew York Times neNational Geographic. Futhi ngenxa yezinkulumo zayo ezinamandla nezinkulumo ezisebenzayo ze-primatology ne-neurobiology, uRobert waba yinto ethandekayo yesayensi emkhakheni wezefuzo, i-biology kanye nempilo yengqondo.
Ngomsebenzi wayo, uSapolski uthole imiklomelo eminingi kanye nezibonelelo, kubandakanya umklomelo kamongameli "umcwaningi osemusha" weNational Science Foundation. Ngo-2008, uRobert uthole ama-astrophysics afstrophysics aseKarl Sagan ukusabalalisa kolwazi lwesayensi.
I-Sapolski isebenza izigidi zokujikeleza. Ngo-2020, i-biology yokufunda okuhle nokubi "kwakuwukudluliselwa okungcono kakhulu kwencwadi ekuphakanyisweni okuqokwayo" ngokwemvelo kanye nesayensi eqondile "ye-Russian Prizem".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo, unkosikazi we-neuropsychologist Lisa Sapolski, uRobert wahlangana eduze nasekupheleni komkhuba wePostdisrtanti eSan Diego. Ngaleso sikhathi, usosayensi kancane kancane washiya ucwaningo lwensimu, futhi esebenza isikhathi eside elabhorethri. ULisa waqala njengesologiya sasemanzini afunda umdlavuza we-rack, kodwa washintsha imibono yakhe: kwakungakulungele ukubeka impilo kulezi zifundo futhi kwashintshelwa emtholampilo neuropsychology. Ukusuka engxoxweni yokuqala, uRobert waqala ukuncenga uLisa ukuba ahambe naye eSan Francisco, yize ayengakaze abe lapho. Ukuqiniseka kuthintekile - kungekudala uLisa noRobert base behlangene eKenya, endleleni engithumela ngayo izimemo zomshado endleleni. Ngokusho kweSapolski, ukuba khona kukaLisa ekamu wase-Afrika sekwethule ezweni elisha.
URobert noLisa banezingane ezimbili - uRaheli noBenjamini, owayeqanjwe ngegama elithi Babin kababa abathandayo. Izindlu zeSapolski ezitolo izitolo ezivela e-Afrika: imaski eyiqiniso evela eNairobi, ithanga ubisi olushisayo olunikelwe ngabangane bakaMasai, iqoqo lezikhumba, amathambo namathambo, kanye nezithombe eziningi ezivela ekuhambeni.
Engxoxweni ne-sapolski zibiza umuntu ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona. Usosayensi, umJuda ngobuzwe, wakhulela emkhayeni wama-Orthodox. URobert uyavuma ukuthi kungakapheli iminyaka engu-13, bekuyinkolo ngokwenkolo futhi ukwenqaba kwazo zonke izinkolo kwaba yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwakhekeni kobuntu bakhe. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2010, uprofesa useMkhandlwini WezokuPhumiswa Kwenkululeko Evela enkolweni.
Robert Sapolski manje
Manje uSapolski wasuka emsebenzini wasensimini nasekucwaningeni ukuze anikele ekubhaleni izincwadi nokufundisa. URobert uyavuma ukuthi kuzwakala ngokusobala ubudala bakhe: imvamisa ubuhlungu emuva futhi akulula ukuthwala izimfena ezingama-70. 2021 Ososayensi abanikezele ekuhambeni emhlabeni wonke kanye nokwenza izingqungquthela ezinkulu zesayensi nezemfundo.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1992 - "Ukuxineka Endle"
- 1997 - "Imidlalo ye-testosterone nezinye izindaba ze-biology yokuziphatha"
- 2001 - "Amanothi ka-Primate: Impilo engajwayelekile yososayensi phakathi kwabaseBavila"
- 1994 - "I-Psychology of stress"
- 2005 - "Singobani? Uhlobo, umzimba wethu, umphakathi "
- 2017 - "I-Biology yokuhle nokubi. ISayensi ichaza kanjani izenzo zethu "
Amacaphuna
- "Ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga kuyasebenziseka hhayi ngezinhloso ezisebenzayo kuphela, kungaziswa nangentokozo enhle ehlelwe kakhulu elethayo."
- "Ukuba nempilo, njengoba besho, ukulimaza okufanayo nalowo omunye umuntu."
- "Ukucabanga ngempilo, abantu bakhetha ukuqiniseka, futhi bacabanga ngokufa - bakhetha amathuba: kuhlale kuyithuba lelonhlanhla."
- "Ngikholwa ukuthi ezweni lanamuhla, ulwazi lwesayensi luwusizo kunoma yimuphi umuntu, noma ngabe othisha besikole bazamazama kanjani ukugqugquzela ukunengwa kubo."