I-Biograge
UPavel Dutov unguhlelo lwaseRussia kanye nosomabhizinisi ngenani labantu abanezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-IQ emhlabeni. Uyohlala njalo kwinkumbulo yabasebenzisi njengoMdali wenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu "VKONTKTE".Ubuntwana nentsha
UPavel Durov wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 1984. Ubaba wakhe, udokotela wesayensi yezobuhle uVelery Semenovich - ama-leningradets omdabu, ashada no-Albun Durov, umama wezebhizinisi wesikhathi esizayo, wathatha igama lomlingani. Ngo-1992, uchwepheshe wencwadi yasendulo wayeholwa nguMnyango ePhilfak yaseSt. Petersburg State University. U-Albina wagibela e-OMSK, futhi wafundisa kule nyuvesi.
UPawulu unoMfowethu Nicholas, ukhetho lwezitayela ngokomzimba nangokwezibalo. UNikolay ekuqaleni wazibonakalisa njengohlelo olunesiphiwo, ngisho nasebuntwaneni wazibamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yezibalo kanye nama-Olimpiki futhi kabili waba ngumpetha womhlaba ngokuphelele ekuhlelweni kwabafundi. Kamuva, uNikolai wasiza umfowabo ukuthi enze inethiwekhi edumile yokuxhumana nabantu futhi isikhathi eside kwakungumqondisi wenkampani yenkampani.
Ekuqaleni, uPawulu waphila futhi wafunda eTurin, nangemva kokubuyela eRussia wangena endaweni yokufunda. Ukuqondiswa okuyinhloko kocwaningo ulwazi lwezisekelo zePhilology. Ebangeni le-11, waqala ukuba nentshisekelo ezinhlelweni, amaphrojekthi amakhompyutha abonakalayo.
Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu zokuzivocavoca ngendondo yesiliva yobuhlakani obuncane, wangena eSt Petersburg State University e-Philology. Ngesikhathi ehlala eyunivesithi, wayevame ukuba yi-Scholarshot kanye neLaureate yomklomelo wamazambane.
Ngaphezu kokufunda izilimi kanye nokuzilibazisa ngohlelo, uPavel Durov wabandakanyeka ekuqeqesheni amasosha. Isihloko siyi-Reserve Lieutenant. Ukuqeqeshwa eNyuvesi kwahlala kuze kube ngu-2006 futhi kwaphela ngeDiploma ebomvu, eyayingazange ayithathe. Ngisho nakusebusheni, isigidi esizayo sanquma ukuthi akafuni ukuchitha nsuku zonke emsebenzini onobuqili ehhovisi, futhi uzimisele ngokwakhe owakhelwe i-Intanethi.
"Ukuxhumana"
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kokungenza imiyalezo nolwazi oluwusizo kwethulwa nguDurov eyunivesithi. Umtapo wolwazi oliwe wezinto ezibalulekile, izicishayo kanye nesithangami esincane sabafundi baba yinto entsha yohlelo olusha. Indawo yathola igama lomlobi - durov.com.Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhala senethiwekhi bekuyinsiza online Spbgu.ru, i-prototype "VKontakte". Ngemuva kwale pulatifomu, uPawulu usemele ukuthi ubudlelwane be-social Network kufanele buyenziwe kanjani.
Isifiso sokwenza ingosi engokoqobo yokuxhumana savela ngemuva komhlangano nomngane owavela phesheya. Indaba ekhuluma nge-Facebook yokuxhumana nabantu nge-Facebook, egcina imininingwane ephelele mayelana nabasebenzisi, abavunyelwe ukudala ukwakheka komthombo wabadlali abaningi baseRussia.
Ukuthuthukiswa kweVKontakte Pavel Durov yahlangana kanye nomfowabo uNikolai. Umsebenzisi wokuqala osemthethweni wabhaliswa enkundleni yokuxhumana nabantu ngo-Okthoba 2006. Inethiwekhi ekuqaleni yavalwa futhi yagcwaliswa ngabahlanganyeli kuphela ngosizo lwezimemo. NgoDisemba 2006, i-portal yaqala ukubhalisa wonke umuntu.
Ekuqaleni, inethiwekhi yezenhlalo yabizwa ngokuthi "abafundi.ru", kepha ngokushesha kwashintshwa yaba "VKONTKTE" ephelele.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwephrojekthi kanye nokunwetshwa kwayo kwathatha cishe iminyaka emi-2. Isikhathi sokwakheka senze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka okukhulu futhi wandise isikhombimsebenzisi sephrojekthi. Uhlelo oluholayo selukhululeke futhi lusebenze. Ngo-2008, isibalo sabasebenzisi ababhalisiwe saseVkontakte badlula izigidi ezingama-20, futhi uPavel Durov waba yinganekwane yangempela, eyayiqhathaniswa noMdali we-Facebook Zuckerberg.
Iqiniso lokuthi uDurov uzuze impumelelo, kwacaca cishe ngokushesha. Leli qiniso alizange lifihle esweni lentatheli yaseRussia kanye nomlobi uNikolai Kononov, okhiphe inoveli mayelana nabadali beNtusi yezokuxhumana enkulu kunazo zonke "ye-Dourov. Indaba yangempela ye- "VKontakte" noMdali wayo ", ngokusekelwe emaqinisweni avela empilweni yendoda nenhlolokhono yakhe.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2014, uPawulu wathengisa ingxenye yamasheya (12%) nango-Ephreli 1, waveza ukunakekelwa kwakhe kusukela kuMqondisi Jikelele weVkontakte. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2, waphika isitatimende sakhe ngokumbiza ihlaya eliyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, ngo-Ephreli 21, uDurov wasaxoshwa. Izingxabano mayelana nezizathu zokususwa kukaPawulu enkampanini ezakhiwe nguYe azenzi kuze kube manje.
Ngokwezincwadi eziningi zebhizinisi, laba bangu-12% bathenge umqondisi wangaphambilini weMegafon Ivan Tavrin. Ukutholwa kubiza umphathi ophezulu ngenani lama- $ 360 kuya kwa- $ 480 wezigidi.
Ngemuva kokuthi "impi ende, uPavel Dutov uthengise" VC ", noma kunalokho isabelo sawo samasheya e-imeyili.Ru Group. Inkampani isibe ngumnikazi wephakeji elawulwayo (52%). Ngawo lowo nyaka, isisekelo se-UCP, umnikazi wamanye amasheya, sathi isenzo se-imeyili.Ru Group siphikisana nezintshisakalo ze- "VC", futhi zaqala ukuqhubeka kwecala lomthetho.
"Telegraph"
Ngemuva kokushiya iVkontakte, uPawulu akazange ayeke ukuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi amasha. Ngo-Agasti 14, 2013, kwavela i-telegraph. Isilayezi sasingenawo umsebenzi wokuguqula isimo, "chip" yakhe "sasiqukethe kwenye. Le phrojekthi yeDurov yasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokubhalela ukubethela, okuyi-Nikolai eza nayo, futhi yadala isiteshi sokuxhumana esivikelekile ngempela.
UPawulu wavuma ukuthi lo mbono wakhumbula lapho amabutho akhethekile engqongqoza ekhaya kuye, futhi akakwazanga ngisho nokuzitshela izihlobo zakhe, angaqiniseka ukuthi umyalezo ngeke unqande iziphathimandla zalesi sigaba.
Abamele uhulumeni banikezwa kaningi ukuvimba i-telegraph, uma engashintshi inqubomgomo yakhe yobumfihlo, kepha uPawulu wahlala ethandana naye futhi wathi ngokusemthethweni ukuthi isithunywa asikenzi futhi ngeke sikhiphe idatha yomsebenzisi.
Ngo-2016, uPawulu wajoyina ukuxabana okuvulekile ne-FBI. UDurov waphinde wenqaba ukukhiqiza idatha yomsebenzisi, ne-FBI ye-TELEGRAM.
Ngo-2017, uPawulu wavula indlunkulu yenkampani eDubai futhi ahlele kabusha uhlu lwabangani nababhalisile ku- "Instagram", "Twitter", Facebook nase-YouTube. Amanethiwekhi omphakathi, ngokusho komsunguli weVkontakte, yindlela esephelelwe yisikhathi yokuxhumana. Imininingwane ekuphanzi kwezindaba iyathandeka kakhulu, "udoti". Ungesabi ukusula indawo entsha. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kukaDurov, wonke umuntu ofuna ukuba sendabeni futhi aqhubeke efanelekile, aya ezithunzini.
Ehlobo lonyaka ofanayo, i-telegraph yayisongelwa ukuvimba e-Indonesia, noma kunalokho, abamele leli lizwe. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuphendula esicelweni sokuvimba iziteshi zamaphekula. Ngokusho kukaDurov, ukungaqondi kwavuka kulolu daba, njengoba ayengazi ngesicelo sikahulumeni.
Umhleli wezinhlelo uphendula ngokushesha kulesi simo, uthembisa ukuxazulula inkinga. Usebenze ngezigaba ezintathu: iziteshi ezivinjelwe ezivela kuhlu lweziphathimandla zase-Indonesia, wangena ezikhulu ezithintana ngqo futhi wakhe iqembu elikhethekile elinomnikazi waleli lizwe.
Entwasahlobo yango-2018, ngemuva komunye umzamo eRoskomnadzor, isithunywa savinjwa yisenzo esikhulu sokubhikisha: Izakhamizi zaseRussia zethule izindiza zamaphepha emigwaqweni - uphawu lwesicelo emigwaqweni. Naphezu kwazo zonke izinkinga, i-telegram iyaqhubeka nokusebenza futhi manje, njengakuqala, ihlala itholakala kwabaseRussia.
Ithoni ne-gram
Ekupheleni kuka-2017, amahemuhemu avele mayelana nokwakhiwa kwe-Cryptocurrency ye-Cryptocurrency ye-Cryptocurrency ye-Cryptocurrency "Graham" ne-Telegram I-anton yasendulo yokuqala u-Anton Rosenberg yasho lokhu ngalokhu ngenhlamba. UPawulu ngale ndlela uqoqa imali yokuthuthuka kwesithunywa.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweTon kwamanye amabhlogo - Ijubane eliphakeme, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamanye amanethiwekhi omphakathi, izithunywa kanye nokuxhaswa kwemali eyi-4 billion imali yedijithali.
Ngemuva kokulondolozwa kwesibili okuvaliwe kwe-telegraph, ngokusho kweWall Street Journal, umhleli we-Fagrammer uthole u- $ 1.7 billion futhi wenqabile ukuya endaweni yesitoko somphakathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokusemthethweni uPawulu akakaze aphawule ngokuqoqwa kwemali yephrojekthi.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2020, uPawulu wabekwa icala lokusebenzisa i-cryptocurrency njengezokuphepha ezingabhalisiwe.
UDurov wema edwa, echaza ukuthi uGramu akahlobene nokuphepha. Ngasikhathi sinye, wasebenzisa abatshalizimali bemali kwimishini, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezobuchwepheshe kulo msebenzi. Umhleli wezinhlelo akazange athole izinsolo ezithile, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuphenywa ngemibuzo engamahora ayi-10 ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, entwasahlobo wamemezela ukuvalwa kwethani.
Amahlazo nezingxabano
Intukuthelo elukhuni kaPavel Dutov yayivame ukuholelwa ezenzakalweni ezihlazo. Ngakho-ke, ukubabaza okubanzi emphakathini okubizwa ngokuthi isithombe uPaul nomunwe ophakathi okuphakanyisiwe, okuwukuthi, ngokusho koMdali weVkontakte, bekuyimpendulo esemthethweni yokuthenga kwe-imeyili.Ru geroap ukuthenga inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu.Akukho okuphoqelela okuncane okubangele ukubaketa okuphonswe ngaphandle kwehhovisi eliphakathi nendawo "VKontakte" yezikweletu zemali, ezihlukaniswe ngezindiza zamaphepha. Lo mthetho wagxekwa yizibalo zamasiko namasiko aseRussia.
UPawulu ngokwakhe wavuma engxoxweni yokuthi ayikho inhloso embi, wayefuna nje ukudala isimo samaholide sosuku lwedolobha. Utshele ukuthi waphonsa imali efasiteleni futhi wakujabulela ukubona nangensika, futhi ukusabela kwabantu akusikho ngoba efuna ukukhombisa ingcebo nokubaluleka, kodwa ngoba wabona ukumangala nenjabulo ebusweni bezakhamizi.
Ngokusho kokulinganiselwa okulinganiselwa, i-Dutrov kanye nabaphathi abaphezulu beVkontakte, cishe ama- $ 2 abayizinkulungwane baphonswa efasiteleni ukuze bahlambalaze uPawulu ekuhlafuneni nasekuhlaselweni kwe-merHatility eduzane nehhovisi futhi bavumele inkampani ukuthi ichithe i ubusuku obuvela kuye ekhaya.
Izinkinga eziningi zabhekana ne- "VKontakte" ngenxa yokungalandelwa nge-copyright. Ukungqubuzana ngephephandaba "iVedomosti" kuholele ekuqhekekeni okubonakalayo kwezikhombo namakhasi. Ngemuva kwezimangalo zomculi uSergey Lazareva, umsunguli wenethiwekhi wasuswa zonke izingoma zakhe, umdwebi wabamba kanye ne-akhawunti yakhe futhi wabuyela eVKontakte kuphela ngonyaka we-2016, ngemuva kokuhamba kwe-durov kanye nokuphathwa kwemali kokulalela umculo.
Ngo-2019, kwaxoxwa ngesihloko esisha negama likaPavel Dutov. Engxoxweni, izinhlanzi ze-nastya, ezaziwa ngokuthi umzingeli kuma-billionaires, zakhuluma ngomhlangano nohlelo. Ngokusho kwentombazane, kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe eDubai, kusolwa ukuthi uPawulu wambhalela ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi futhi wacela ukubona. Umhlangano wenzeka ekilabhini ethambekele edolobheni, kodwa akuzange kuholele kunoma yini.
Inhlanzi yachaza ukuthi empilweni kaDurov kubukeka kakhulu kunasesithombeni kwi-Intanethi, futhi wamsola ngobungqingili. Kusolwa ukuthi le ndoda yayiphakathi komngane kusihlwa futhi yabonisa imizwa ngobumnene kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanzi zizama ukuthatha ifa likaPawulu, ngokusho kwakhe, azizange zithweswe umqhele ngempumelelo.
Ngo-2020, usomabhizinisi osesiteshini sakhe se-telegraph yakhe wabeka okuthunyelwe ngamacala amacala we-Facebook naku-Instagram eqinisweni lokuthi inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi ithole imali yokukhangisa isikhathi eside.
Mayelana nalesi simo, uDurov waphinde washo kaningi emaphephandabeni ukuthi yena noma iqembu lakhe abazobanika abantu endaweni yesikhulumi. Ukuntuleka kokusabela kusuka kunethiwekhi yezenhlalo kugqugquzelwe ukuthi uhlelo lwezinhlelo lubaphathe yinkantolo.
Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe
Ngo-Ephreli 22, 2014, kwakukhona imininingwane yokuthi uPavel Dutov adlulela ngaphesheya kwezwe futhi ngeke abuye. Futhi uma inyanga ngaphambi kokuba lo mhleli wabhala ngeRussia njengendawo lapho kufanelekile ukuyiphila khona, khona-ke ngemuva kokuba umbono wakhe uguqulwe ngokuphelele kwelinye icala.
UPawulu wathola ama-Saint Kitts nesakhamuzi saseNevis. Ipasipoti yalesi sifundazwe isiqhingi ivumela iDurov ukuhamba ngokukhululeka emhlabeni wonke. Izwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga umakhele ukuba yisakhamuzi ngezinsolo zokukhokha izinkulungwane ezingama-250.
Njengoba wazi, ngemuva kokusuka eRussia, uhlala kwelinye izwe - i-United Arab Emirates. Yenza le ndoda ikwazile ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-visa yokuhlala, okuyinto, empeleni, iyimvume yokuhlala.
Ukubukwa nezinkolelo
UDurov ubiza ukubukwa kwakhe kweLibertarian, futhi inani elikhulu kunawo wonke libheka inkululeko.Usomabhizinisi wanyathelisa uhlu lwezidingo, ngemuva kokugcwaliseka okulungele ukubuyela ezweni lakubo. Umbhalo ubelokhu unezinkinga zezepolitiki nezenhlalo zombuso. Imibandela kaPaul, yayizoshintsha umfelandawonye waseRussia ukuze abe ngcono:
- Izinkantolo ezithembekile, lapho abantu bebekwe khona, hhayi izikhulu;
- Kulungile futhi kunembile, hhayi imithetho eyeqisayo futhi ephikisanayo;
- Vula ukhetho ukuze izikhala zomphakathi zisethwe ngokudlula umncintiswano;
- Ukukhanselwa kwe-VAT ngenxa yemali engenayo yokuthumela;
- izifunda ezizimele nokuzenzela ngokwazo ezingathumeli ukugeleza kwemali eMoscow;
- Ukushintsha uhlelo lwemfundo yethempulethi yezinhlelo zokuhlola.
Kusuka emlandweni wakhe wempumelelo, uDurov awenzi izimfihlo. Imali ayitholayo yakha amadola ayisigidi, kepha umakhiwomi weza esiphethweni sokuthi imali akuyona inhloso kumuntu, kodwa indlela eqondile ebugqilini. Izimiso uPawulu aziqondiswa manje ezivaliwe ngendlela yohlu lwemithetho engama-25. Ngayinye yazo ewuhlobo lomyalo walabo ababeka engcupheni yokuphuma kubuningi be-mass futhi bazenze ukuze bazithuthukise futhi bathuthukise.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Eduze-njenge-Durov izimangalo zokuthi empilweni yiyona efanayo yokusebenza njengoba kubonakala lapho ubheka i-biography yakhe. UPawulu unenhlonipho, enembe kabi futhi akathandi ukukhuluma ngempilo yakhe.
Imfihlakalo enjalo yanikeza ukucatshangelwa okuningi. Kukholakala ukuthi usomabhizinisi osemusha akashadanga ngokusemthethweni, kepha abanye bakwaMedia bathi uDaria Bondarenko, ongusomabhizinisi ojwayelene naye umfundi, wabeletha uPawulu izingane ezimbili. Kepha uma izimpikiswano kanye nobufakazi bokuxhumana kwe-durov nentombazane futhi kutholakala, khona-ke ubufakazi bokuthi uBillionaire usephenduke ubaba ojabulayo akekho.
UPavlu wabikwa ebudlelwaneni nalowo owayengunkosikazi womphakathi wase-Timati Alena Shishkova, imodeli nguVika Odintova kanye ne-Blogger Masha Trotsky. Kepha imishini yokushicilela yakhiwe esithombeni sesithombe se-durov namantombazane kunethiwekhi, futhi akukho okunye ukuqinisekiswa.
Hhayi nje kuphela isimo somshado sosomabhizinisi sidonsela ukunaka, kodwa futhi nokubukeka kwaso. Abavakashi be-Programmer bathi ebusheni bakhe, kwakukhona izinwele ezingandile. UPowula akakaze alwelwe iLysum, kepha ahlushwa i-allogecia ye-androgenic. Esithombeni esemthethweni, usomabhizinisi osemusha ushayisana ne-chapel enhle ayemnika amahemuhemu ngokufakelwa kwezinwele.
Usomabhizinisi onokukhula okuphakathi kwe-176 cm unomzimba wezemidlalo kanye nezici ezikhangayo zobuso, ezibonakalayo esithombeni sezingane. Kodwa-ke, izitha azishiyanga ngedwa futhi le ndawo yempilo yosaziwayo, ethi umdlandla kuye ngeplastiki. Abalandeli bakholelwa ukuthi umhleli we-chararismatic ufana nenkanyezi yaseHollywood - Keanu Rivza.
UPavel Dutov uyibhiliyari edonsayo. Ngo-2018, i-Forbes yazisa isimo saseRussia ngo- $ 1.7 billion. Lezi zibalo zazibonakala zihlaziya kakhulu: Kuphela imiphumela yemali engenayo esemthethweni kaPawulu eRussia yathatha indawo engama-58.
Pavel durov manje
Manje uhlelo lwezinhlelo luyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngenkuthalo emkhakheni wamaphrojekthi akhona, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuhlala ngaphandle kwezindaba.Igama elisha le-Spring 2021 lalikhona ukudala iziteshi zomsakazo eTelegraph. UPowula wathembisa ukuthi maduze awokusakazwa kwevidiyo azotholakala, azokwenza isicelo nomncintiswano ofanelekayo ku-TVICH noma i-Yutube.
Ngo-Ephreli, epulatifomu yeKion, ifilimu le-biographical "Durov" eliqondiswe nguRodion Chapel laqhutshwa. Usomabhizinisi ngokwakhe akazange ahlobene nokudubula, itheyipu isuselwa kumaqiniso aziwayo nezindaba zabantu obajwayele.
Amaphrojekthi
- Durov.com.
- SPBGU.RU.
- "Ukuxhumana"
- I-Telegraph.
- Ithoni.