I-Biograge
UJoseph Davydovich Kobzon - Umculi waseSoviet noRussia, Iphini Likahulumeni waseDuma waseRussia II-VI. Umnikazi wemiklomelo eminingi yobungcweti namaprimiyamu. Amandla akhe angenza umona ozakwabo abaningi abasebancane, ngoba ekwazile ukuhola uhambo olusebenzayo, kwezepolitiki kanye nezenhlalo.I-biography kaJoseph Kobzon ayithandeki kakhulu kunezitatimende zakhe zezepolitiki, ngoba umdwebi wabantu we-USSR kanye neRussia Federation kumane nje "ukugcina amazwana" nezintatheli.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UJoseph Davydovich wazalwa ngoSepthemba 1937 edolobheni laseYar (Denitsk esifundeni). Unina waphoqeleka ukuba abe ngaphambi kwesikhathi 'kokuba mdala', njengoba uYise eshiya umndeni lapho le ntombazane icishe ibe neminyaka eyi-13. Ngomncane kangako, u-Ida waqala ukuthola imali ngokutshala nasekuthengisweni kukagwayi.
Ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa kwendodana ka-Indaba u-Isavna Shohet-Kobzon waba ijaji lesintu. UJoseph Kobzon ukhulume kaningi engxoxweni yokuthi ngumama ezicini eziningi esiseyisiqondiso sokuziphatha.
Ubuntwana bukaJosefa Kobzon bagcwele ngokwanele. Usaziwayo wesikhathi esizayo uphinde washintsha indawo yokuhlala. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, umndeni wathuthela eLviv. Ukusuka lapho, uBaba kaLittle Joseph waya phambi kwephoyisa lezepolitiki, futhi umama wathutha futhi - kulokhu "ukuphela" kwakunguThangiyun e-Uzbekistan. Ubaba kaJoseph Kobzon akasabuzwa emndenini: Ngemuva kokulimala, indoda yavuselelwa isikhathi eside. Esibhedlela, wahlangana nowesifazane owayeshade futhi wahlala enhlokodolobha yaseRussia.
Ngaphezu kukaJoseph, izingane ezintathu zikhula emndenini. Ngo-1944, umama kanye nezingane wabuyela esifundeni saseDonetsk, edolobheni laseKramatorsk. Kwakulapho lapho uJoseph Kobzon eya ekilasini lokuqala. Ngo-1946, umama wakhe washada naye. Lo mshado waletha umculi wabantu besikhathi esizayo wabazalwane ababili abahlanganisa ezinye izindinganiso. Kuliqiniso, eKramatorsk, umndeni wakwaKobzon waphila isikhathi eside - ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-40, baphinde bathutha. Lesi sikhathi eDnepropetrovsk. Kuleli dolobha lase-Ukraine, uJosefa uthweswe iziqu ezivela ebangeni lesishiyagalombili wangena eCnepropetrovsk Mountain College.
Kulesi sikhungo semfundo, uJoseph Kobzon ugcotshwe ngesibhakela, kodwa ngemuva kokulimala kokuqala, umculi wanquma ukushiya ezemidlalo eziyingozi futhi wahlanganyela ebukulini. Isimo sesikole sezobuchwepheshe sezintaba sesibe yindawo lapho i-baritone enhle yomculi osemncane yaqala ukuzwakala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaJoseph Kobson yayingabushelelezi njenge-scalry esiteji. Kepha abesifazane abathathu abopha naye kuze kube sekupheleni kwakhe, bakhanya futhi benobuhlakani obukhulu.Umfazi wokuqala kaJoseph Davydovich - Umculi we-veronica kruglov. EKobzon esiyindilinga eshada ngo-1965. UVeronica ngaleso sikhathi wayengumculi odumile kakhulu. Ukushaya kwakhe "phezulu phezulu, ingane ibambe" futhi "angiboni lutho, angizwa lutho," izwe lonke lahlabelela. Ubuhle be-Bohemian, njengendoda, imvamisa banyamalala ohambweni nasekuziboneleni. Kwakungekho sikhathi sokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwesidleke somndeni. Indoda nomkayo cishe ababonane. Impilo yabo ehlanganayo ibingeyona into.
Kubukeka sengathi bekungumama wangaphambili uJoseph Davydovich, u-Ida u-Isaka. Ngokushesha waphikisana nomshado weNdodana yakhe kulo mculi, eqaphela ukuthi akukho lutho oluhle olungeke luvela kule nyunyana. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, ngo-1967, lo mbhangqwana wahlukana. UVeronica Kruglov washada omunye umculi odumile Vadim Mulerman. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, umculi wahamba wayohlala eMelika. Kokunye izingxoxo, uKruglov Frankly wavuma ukuthi umshado ngesigaba saseSoviet esiteji awuzange wephule.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uJoseph Kobzon washada ngokwesibili. Futhi - ukuphikisana nentando kamama - kumculi nomculi uLyudmila Gurchenko. Ngokubambisana, abashadikazi bahlala iminyaka emithathu. Kamuva, uGurchenko wavuma ukuthi le nyunyana yaphenduka iphutha elikhulu lempilo yakhe. Ekuqaleni, kwakubonakala kuye ukuthi uzokwazi ukuguqula umyeni wakhe, "wayinika kabusha phansi kwakhe. Kepha bekungekho lapho. Bahlala baxabana futhi bengafuni ukuyeka omunye nomunye.
ULyudmila Markovna wabhala ezikhumbuzweni zakhe ukuthi akabekezeleleki ukuzwa othandekayo, ngubani osesikhathini esinzima somsebenzi wakhe wokudala, emamatheka, wabuza: "Akekho osuswe?". Wakhala ecaleni futhi ngasikhathi sinye wabona ukuthi ngeke esafuna ukuhlala ndawonye.
Abalingani, njengoba kufanele kube yizinkanyezi ezimbili, bahlala bahlala. Ekuhambeni kwentsha ethandwayo nentsha ethandwayo nenhle, okwenzekile kothando okwenzekile, mayelana nokuthi yikuphi "amashefu" abikwa ngokushesha, ahlobise futhi agxilise imininingwane ehlukahlukene enezinongo. UMama Joseph Kobzon akazange amthande umalokazana, wamphendula ngohlamvu lwemali olufanayo. Ekugcineni, iGurchenko yayeka ngokuphelele ukuxhumana nezihlobo zomyeni wakhe.
Ngemuva kwesehlukaniso, izinkanyezi ezimbili azizange zikhulume isikhathi eside iminyaka engamashumi amane, zizama ukungazihlanganisi emicimbini ehlukahlukene namaqembu e-pop. Umculi uncamela ukukhuluma ngomshado wesibili.
U-Iosif Davydovich, owayekade ephupha ngomndeni oqinile nangomlingani othembekileko, okomnotho owayezozala yena. Unqume ngokuqinile ukuthi lo wesifazane ngeke axhunywe nabakwaBogen kanye nezwe lebhizinisi lokubonisa. Wayefuna induduzo yasekhaya, i-borscht ethule ne-borscht ethule.
Owesifazane onjalo uJoseph Kobzon wahlangana ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970. Ubuhle babizwa ngokuthi iNinel Mikhailovna Drizin. Waba ngaphansi kwakhe iminyaka engu-13. Kwakuyintombazane enesizotha enomndeni omuhle wamaJuda, i-smart nezomnotho. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - akazange aphuphe ngokukhombisa ibhizinisi, yize ajwayelekile axabana ukuthi zonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo ezazinakho. Namuhla, lona wesifazane uyazi ukuthi uNelli Kobzon kanjani. Okhethiweyo wesithathu wawuthanda ngokushesha umama womculi, owakwazisa ngaso leso sikhathi umbono wakhe wokubukeka ohlakaniphile wowesifazane.
Bendawonye behlala ndawonye kusukela ngo-1971. UNellie Kobzon wabeletha umyeni wakhe izingane ezimbili ezinhle. Okokuqala, izibulo - indodana u-Andrei kwavela. Ngemuva kweminyaka lemibili, ndodakazi kaNatalia yazalwa.
U-Andrei waqala wahamba ezinyathelweni zikababa nomculo onikezelwe ngesikhathi esithile. Wayeyisigubhu futhi esenziwa nabaculi beqembu lovuko - u-Alexei Romanov no-Andrey Sapunov. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mfo waphonsa umculo futhi wathatha ibhizinisi. Wayengumqondisi we-metropolitan nightclub edumile "juno". Bese ubandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwezezakhiwo.
Indodakazi kaNatalia yayinguNobhala Wezindaba kusuka kumklami wemfashini odumile uValentina Yudashkin. Washada nesakhamuzi sase-Australia, ummeli uYuri Rappoporta.
Izingane zethule abazali bazo abazukulu abayisikhombisa - abafana ababili namantombazane amahlanu lapho ogogo nomkhulu bakhe babenogogo nomphefumulo futhi balandela ngokucophelela impumelelo yabo.
Ukudala
Ngo-1956, inzalamizi yesikhathi esizayo yeSoviet Pop, bese kuba nethemba elisha lomculi oneminyaka engu-22 ubudala uJoseph Kobzon wacela inkonzo yamasosha. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwama-50s wahlabelela engomeni ebukhali kanye nomdanso wesifunda samasosha eTranscaucasian.
Ngemuva kokuxoshwa, uKobzon wabuyela eDnepropetrovsk. Lapha, esigodlweni sabafundi sendawo, umculi futhi sahlangana nomeluleki wakhe wokuqala - inhloko yeChoraus Leonid Tereshchenko. Wathatha umoya ukulungiselela uJoseph ukuba afake i-conservatory. UTereshchenko uhlanganyele nomfundi ngokusho kohlelo ngakunye, eqaphela ukuthi phambi kwakhe alona ithalente elihlukile.
UPedagogue wanakekela nokuthi umfundi wakhe akalambile. Wahlela iKobzon kwisikhungo sobuchwepheshe bamakhemikhali, lapho umfana izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuthola imali ethobekile ethosiwe nge-Alcohol Gas Mask ngebhomu lokukhosela ngebhomu. Uthisha waqagela ukuthi umfundi wakhe onethalente ngokuqinisekile azokwenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu, kepha akazange asole nokuthi le nsizwa enesizotha izoba yinkanyezi.
Ngomhlaka 1959 Joseph Kobzon - The Soloist of the All-Union Radio. Lapha wasebenza iminyaka emi-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwasungulwa indlela yakhe yokuhlala, ngokusho kwayo umculi. Le yinhlanganisela evumelanayo ye-Belkanto inqubo futhi kalula. Ngo-1964, iKobzon iphindwe kabili le-laureate. Uwine umncintiswano we-Russian wonke wabaculi be-Astradi kanye nomkhosi osothweni lwesiPolish. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uJoseph Davydovich uba ngumculi ohlonishwayo weChechen-Ingush ASSR.
Imincintiswano yezingoma, imikhosi yengoma, ukwethula amaphrimiyamu, imiklomelo nezinhlaka ezijwayelekile ezivela maphakathi nawo-1960s ngena ngokuqinile empilweni kaJoseph Kobzon. Umcimbi osemusha udlulisela umncintiswano wamazwe omhlaba "ubungani", obebanjelwe eStottarsa. E-Warsaw, iBudapest neBerlin, umculi waseRussia wakwazi ukunqoba izindawo zokuqala. Ngo-1986, uJoseph Kobzon uba ngumdwebi wesintu we-USSR. Cha ezweni elikhulu lendoda elalingeke lilazi igama laKhe futhi alizwanga le bhisititon ye-lyrical.
Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980s Joseph Davydovich Kobzon ufundisa ama-pop vocals ku-Gnesisana. Unabafundi abaningi abanethalente, phakathi kwalo i-valentine elikhanya kakhulu, u-Irina Othieva, uValeria.
UJoseph Kobzon wahambela amakhonsathi kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokwakha iSoviet. Ubekhuluma ngaphambi kwempi yezempi e-Afghanistan kanye ne-liquidators yengozi eChernobyl NPP. Emperpoir yakhe, izingoma ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-3. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-hits amaningi ama-30s, abekwenzile ngaphambili uClaudia Shulzhenko, Isabella Yiryeva, Vadim Kozin noKonstantin Sokolsky.
Naphezu kweminyaka yayo ehlonishwayo - UMatra ngonyaka we-2017 waphenduka iminyaka engama-80 - wayengumvakashi waphakade "engomeni yonyaka" wonyaka omusha "nakuwo wonke amakhonsathi wemikhosi. Kwesinye isikhathi uJoseph Kobzon uvele esikrinini ezindaweni ezilindelwe kakhulu ezinamaqembu nabahlabeleli abadumile. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2016, wamangala futhi wakujabulela ukusebenza kwakhe okuhlangene ne-Yegor's Crum. Kuyathakazelisa futhi okungajwayelekile kwaba izingoma zakhe ezihlanganyelwe neRiphabhulikhi yaseRiphabhulikhi. Ezinye zezingoma zabo ("gqoka", "ukukhanya okumhlophe", "drozda") kwaba hits.
Abalandeli abaningi bethalente likaJosefa Kobzon lithanda iculo lendodakazi yakhe ngezinkondlo zika-Irina Molmbulina. Ukwakheka "kusihlwa uTolenny" owenziwe nguMatra onama-gregory aps no-Alexander Rosenbaum - kwabaningi abathandekayo. Futhi nokho iculo eliyinhloko lomculi libizwa ngokuthi "izikhathi" ezivela kwifilimu le-Cult "izikhathi eziyishumi eziyishumi nambili zentwasahlobo". Ukungena kakhulu kunoJoseph Kobzon, lo mbono awunakufezeka yinoma ngubani.
Ipolitiki
UJoseph Kobzon ubelokhu eyindoda enesikhundla sokuphila esisebenzayo. Ungusopolitiki odumile. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe wezepolitiki ngawo-1990 njengephini leSusite Soviet ye-USSR. Umdwebi ukhethwe kaninginingi ku-Duma e-Duma yaseRussia Federation kusuka ku-Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug.Ngo-2002, uJoseph Kobzon wayengesabi ukungena ezingxoxweni nabahlaseli be-Theatre Center eDu-ruvka.
Njengabanye abaculi abaningi baseRussia, uJoseph Kobzon waphendula ngentshiseko kuthelevishini yomphakathi e-Ukraine - wayephakathi kwalabo abasayine ukudluliswa kwesicelo samasiko aqondiswe nguMongameli Vladimir Putin. Kulesi sikhalazo, kwavezwa ukuthi uKobzon usekela izinqubomgomo zikaMongameli eCrimea nase-Ukraine. Isikhundla sikaJoseph Kobzon saholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-European Union yayihlanganisa umculi ohlwini lwayo "olumnyama" lwezakhamizi zaseRussia ezivinjelwe ekungeneni indawo ye-EU.
Ngenxa yezitatimende ezilahlayo zalo mculi zazihlanganisa i-Ukraine neLatvia "ezinhlwini zabo ezimnyama". Emadolobheni amaningi ase-Ukraine, umculi wancishwa isimo se- "Doundipary Citizen". NgoJanuwari 2015, i-Kobzon ekhethiwe "ubunye obahlonishwayo" eKramators yakhe.
Ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwe-European Union, zonke izimpahla zomculi eYurophu ziqandisiwe, njengoba ziyizimpahla zabanye ozakwabo ohlwini lwe-sunction. Kepha uJosefa uKobzon waqinisekisa ukuthi kuyamhlupha kancane - waqhubeka nokugibela ngamakhonsathi eDonetsk naseLugansk, futhi asekele esidlangalaleni amasosha. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba 2014, u-Iosif Kobzon wanikezwa isimo se-honory Consul of the Donnetsk People's Republic eRussia Federation.
Enye ihlazo uJoseph Kobzon azidalela mathupha, wenqaba ngonyaka ka-2014 kusukela ngesimo somculi wabantu base-Ukraine. Lesi sinqumo asamukelayo ngaphansi kwethonya lezinkolelo zakhe zezepolitiki.
Umculi odumile ubuye wabheka isinqumo esifanele seRussia Federation ukwenqaba ukubamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni we-Eurovision, okuthi ngonyaka we-2017 odlulile e-Ukraine.
Isifo
UJoseph Kobzon akazange acashe ukuthi wayejabulela i-wig, wayibeka eminyakeni engama-35. Ngolunye usuku, u-Ida u-Ida u-Isaka wavuma ukuthi isizathu sokuqina kwendodana kwasekuqaleni kwakuwukungabaza kwezezimali ukugqoka isigqoko ebusheni. Ngisho namafriji angama-40-degree awakwazanga ukuphoqa uJoseph ukuthi adakwe, okwakuyimbangela yokulahlekelwa kusenesikhathi kwezinwele ezinkulu.
Ngo-2005, kwaziwa ukuthi umculi wasinda ekusebenzeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukususa isimila esibi. Izindaba ukuthi uJoseph Davydovich wayengumdlavuza wesinye, wasakazeka ngokushesha futhi wethusa abalandeli bakhe nabahlonishwa ngethalente. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa eJalimane. Ukungenelela kokusebenza kwenze buthaka ukungatheleleki komdwebi wale asebekhulile. Kungezwe ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu nezinso. Kepha ukoma okumangalisayo okuphila kanye namandla entando, asekelwa uthando lwezihlobo, aphakamise umculi ngombhede waze wabuyela endaweni yesehlakalo.
Ngo-2009, umdwebi wasebenza ngokwesibili futhi eJalimane. Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kanzima, uJoseph Kobzon waya emkhosini womculo eJurmala waze wahlabelela "bukhoma", umangale futhi wajabulisa abalandeli bakhe.
Ngo-2010, abahlonishwa ngethalente le-matra bashaqeka yizindaba ezenziwa ekhonsathini e-Astana Joseph Davydovich kabili ezazise esiteji futhi ziphela amandla. Njengoba kwenzeka, umdlavuza wabangela i-anemia. Kepha ngokusho kokuqashelwa komculi, akakwazanga ukuqamba amanga embhedeni isikhathi eside. Yebo, futhi ayikwazanga ukuphila ngaphandle kwesehlakalo. Ekhaya, akatholanga indawo. Isimo kanye nezibukeli zomculi kwakuwumuthi omuhle kakhulu udideka nezifo.
Ukushona
Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 2018 kwabikwa ukuthi uJoseph Kobzon wayephuthelwe esibhedlela angeniswe esibhedlela, lapho yayixhunywe khona lapho kufakwa khona amaphaphu asusayo. Isimo sempilo yomculi wabantu baseRussia sasilinganiselwa njalo.
Ngo-Agasti 30, 2018 kwaziwa ngokufa kukaJosefa Kobzon. IsiComchine sasho izihlobo zomculi. UJoseph Davydovich wayeneminyaka engama-80 ubudala.
UKobzon waqonda ukungcwaba emathuneni amathuna asondele kunina. Farewell kumenzi waseSoviet noRussia eMoscow futhi umngcwabo wenzeka ngoSepthemba 2.