I-Biograge
UStephen Edwin King wazalelwa ekwindla ka-1941 esifundazweni saseMelika saseMaine, edolobheni lasePortland. Ukuzalwa komfana kungabizwa ngokuthi isimangaliso. Iqiniso ngukuthi uNelly Ruth Pillsbury ungumama wombhali wesikhathi esizayo - Odokotela bathola ukungazizali. Futhi lapho lona wesifazane eshada okwesibili ngenduna yemikhumbi yezitolo uDonald Edward King, abashadikazi banquma ukuthatha umfana. Kwavela ukwamukela indodana kaDavid Victor. Futhi eminyakeni emibili kamuva, uNelli ngokungazelelwe wakhulelwa. Lo mbhangqwana wazalwa indodana kaStephen Edwin.
Kepha ingane ejwayelekile ayikwazanga ukwenza umshado wabazali uqine. Inhloko yomndeni yayinedumela lothando. Ukuba ngumatilosi, wahamba emhlabeni wonke. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, uDonald wayeka emikhunjini futhi wahlala ukuze asebenze nge-ejenti yezohwebo, enikeza abathengi bezihlanza ze-vacuum. Impilo yayo yomndeni. Lapho uStefanu eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala, uBaba wanyamalala empilweni yakhe. Indoda yaphuma endlini izothenga ugwayi futhi yanyamalala. Umama wamemezela amadodana akhe ukuthi ubaba wathunjwa nguMarciana. Ngokweminye imithombo, lona wesifazane waqagela ukuthi ngokuthi "uMartian" kungaba ngumlindi omuhle kusuka ku-Connecticut.
Sigijimela phezulu, ake sithi iqembu elidubula lesinye seziteshi ze-American TV, sisebenza ngedokhumenti nge-biography yeNkosi yaseStefanu ngeminyaka yama-1990s, uthole umzali wakhe ophika. Kwathi lapho ehlala eduzane, esimweni esingumakhelwane sasePennsylvania, nomkakhe-waseBrazil nezingane ezine.
Ngemuva kokuphunyuka komyeni wakhe, uRuthe - uPianist emfundweni - kwadingeka aqine. Wathathwa wawuthathelwa noma yimuphi umsebenzi okhokhelwa kancane, ukondla amadodana. Usebenze njengoMthengisi ebhikawozi noma encekwini ezindlini ezicebile. Owesifazane ufuna umsebenzi omuhle usuka e-State to State. Umndeni wawuhlala e-Indiana, Massachusetts, eWisconsin neConnecticut. Ekugcineni, wamisa edolobheni laseNtshonalanga Durham esifundazweni saseMaine.
UStefanu inkosi wabona umama onzima, yize engakaze akhononde. Usabona ukuthi umphakathi wamathuba alinganayo uyinganekwane yabantu abangenayo. Eqinisweni, impilo inzima futhi ayilungile.
Ngiseyingane, uSteve waba ngukufakazela ohlelweni olungelona iqiniso lenhlekelele emibi: ontanga wafa emehlweni akhe, wawa ngaphansi kwamasondo esitimela esithengiswayo. UKing wasinda ekushaqeka kakhulu, ngemuva kwalokho enkumbulweni yakhe, amafreyimu amabi okufa ayenamahloni isikhashana. Baseminyaka embalwa kuphela kamuva, lapho etshelwa ngale nhlekelele. Izingodomzimba zombhali zithi lo mcimbi waba nomthelela emsebenzini wakhe futhi waphefumulelwa ukubhala eminye imisebenzi.
Ukuhamba njalo kuncibilikisa impilo ebuthakathaka yenkosi uStefanu. Isimo sesimo sesifo kuye kwabangelwa kanzima. Bese kuba khona i-pharyngitis enobunzima, eyathuthela enye yezindlela zokutheleleka kwezindlebe, ama-antibiotics angemukeleki. Kathathu umfana wabhekana nobuhlungu bukaHellish lapho ebhobozwa yi-eardrum. Ngenxa yesifo senkosi, wafunda ebangeni lokuqala iminyaka emibili.
Mhlawumbe bonke laba banzima obubalulekile baye bakha umbono obumnyama beqiniso nokunambitheka komuntu. Wabona amafilimu asabekayo. Umbono ongabonakali nge-psyche yakhe kwakuwukupeyina kohlobo lwe-Horror "uMdali olumnyama lwaseLagoon", "Psychoshushka", "Mina ngingumfana", "izindunduma ze-Indodzima". UStefanu inkosi ebusheni bakhe wawukubonisa ukuthi ngisho nokubuka ikhathuni "bambi" ngesimo somlilo wehlathi kwakuyimbangela yama-nightmare amabi.
Izincwadi eziyizintandokazi ze-Guy zifaka "Hulk", "Spiderman", "Superman", uRena Bradbury, namahlaya ngamandla angcolile "ethuneni elihlanzekile" nelithi "amabhayisekili avela eCrypt". Kamuva uStephen King wavuma ukuthi wayethanda umuzwa wokwesaba kanye "nomuzwa wokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukulawula imizwa."
Ukuphazamisa ezifweni ezingapheli, umfana, okhuthazwe nguMama, waqala ukubhala. Isampula le-feather yenzeke eminyakeni engu-7 ubudala. UStefanu inkosi wabhala indaba encane mayelana nokufika kukaCaptain Casey. Umthombo wokuphefumlelwa kwakungamahlaya mayelana nokaputeni onesibindi. Umfana umane uphinde afunde. Umama uncome lo msebenzi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye wabona ukuthi uSteve adale okuthile okwakhe. Ngokushesha umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wethule izindaba ezine ezincane mayelana nonogwaja omhlophe ocwaningweni lwayo. Ngamunye wabo, umama wamkhokhela "imali" yokuqala ngenani lamasenti angama-25.
Ukudala
Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, uStefanu inkosi wasebenza, engavimbi. "Umthengisi" wakhe wokuqala waba yindaba ebhalwe ngesisekelo sefilimu "kahle ne-pendulum". Lo mfo wanyathelisa umsebenzi wakhe ngenani lamakhophi angama-40 e-hectograph.
Ngo-1959, uStephen King, oneminyaka engu-18, kanye noMfowethu David, waqala ukukhipha umyalo wolwazi, owabizwa ngokuthi "uDave Leaf". Abafana basakaza ngosizo lweMimeograf yakudala kanye namasenti ama-5 athengiswe abangane, omakhelwane kanye nezihlobo. UDavid wabhala izindaba zendawo, noSteve - Ukubuyekezwa kwamafilimu nezindaba zawo ezimfishane. Ngasikhathi sinye, uStephen King waqala wafunda imisebenzi yeHoward Phillips Lovecraft. Waba ngumlobi owuthandayo lomlobi. Ngokusho kwakhe, ngemuva kokwazi izindaba ezimbi kakhulu ukuqoqwa "zincibilika emathunzini", wayenomuzwa wokuthi "abuyele ekhaya".
Ezifundweni zesikole esiphakeme, uStephen King akakwazanga ukunquma ukuthi yini okufanele akwenze ngokulandelayo: ukungena eyunivesithi noma ukuyovolontiya eVietnam ukuqoqa amaqiniso ajabulisayo endalo yesikhathi esizayo. Iqiniso lokuthi okuqhubekayo kuzohlotshaniswa nomlobi, akabe esababaza. UMAMOM waqinisekisa iNdodana, enamaphutha abo ngokuphelele ngombono, wenqaba ukuya eVietnam.
Inkosi yangena ekolishi, lapho yaqala ukulungiselela ukwamukelwa eNyuvesi. Futhi wayesazinza efektri yokuluka. Umsebenzi wawudingeka ukuthola imali. I-Steve ifakwe ukupakishwa kwezimpahla bese uyigoqa iziqukathi. Ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi komsebenzi, amafu amagundane anolaka ayehlushwe egumbini elingaphansi. Kamuva, lokhu kuvela kwaba yisisekelo sendaba "Shift Night Shift".
Ngo-Agasti 1966, uStefanu inkosi wangena e-University of Maine, ekhetha ubuhlakani bezincwadi zaseBrithani. Ngasikhathi sinye, wafunda ekolishi le-pedagogical. USteve noDave bekufanele baqine, ngoba umama uthumele amadodana ngama- $ 5 kuphela ngeviki ezindleko ephaketheni, ngenkathi inkanyezi uqobo.
Eyunivesithi, ikusasa "Inkosi Esabekayo" yashada. Ngemuva kokuphothula eyunivesithi, ethola iziqu ze-bachelor, wanquma ukuziphilisa ngokubhala. Kepha akuzange kulethe imali engenayo. Ngakho-ke, uStefanu King nomndeni wakhe osemusha babekhona emalini etholile etholwa elondolo, imalimboleko yabafundi abashadikazi kanye nezimali ezincane zezimali zomlobi oshicilele omagazini.
Ekwindla ka-1971, uStephen King uthole uthisha wesiNgisi kwesinye sezikole zaseHampden eMaine. Waqhubeka nokubhala, kodwa kubonakala sengathi, waqala ukuphelelwa yithemba ngamakhono akhe okubhala. Lapho umlingani etholakele ebhokisini likadoti umbhalo wesandla we-roman karry. Waphosa okusalungiswa, ngaphandle kokungeza umsebenzi kuze kube sekupheleni. Unkosikazi wafunda inoveli wasukuma umyeni wakhe ukuze ayingeze.
Ebusika bango-1973, uMama uStephen King ushonile. Owesifazane akazange aphile unyaka ngaphambi kwempumelelo yokuqala yeNdodana. Ngo-1974, omunye wabashicileli wathatha ukushicilelwa kwencwadi ethi "Carrie" yaseRomani futhi wakhokha umlobi imali ekhokhwa ngama- $ 2500. Ngokuphazima kweso, ngenxa yeSteve Romance, ngangithanda abafundi. Ukushicilela indlu "Doubleday" Kuthengiswe i-copyright emsebenzini wenye, indlu enkulu yokushicilela "nal", amadola ayizinkulungwane ezingama-400. Ingxenye yenani yathola inkosi uStefanu.
Umlobi wamshiya uthisha futhi wathuthela eColorado engomakhelwane. Lapha, edolobheni laseBoulder, kwadalwa "kukhanye" kwaKhomoni.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970s, uStephen King wadalwa yiPseudonym Richard Bachman. Abanye ababhali bombhali bathi ukushicilelwa kwezincwadi ngaphansi kwegama eliqanjiwe kwalawulwa ukungaqiniseki kodokotela wakudala. Kwabonakala kuye ukuthi impumelelo efezekisiwe yayingezenzakalelayo. Ukuphinda ngaphansi kwegama elihlukile, inkosi yafuna ukuqiniseka ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngaphansi kwePseudonym Richard Bakhman yashicilelwa incwadi "yokufutheka". Kepha inkosi yayithatha ekuthengisweni ngemuva kwesigebengu esincane, esidubule ekilasini eKansas, sathola inoveli yakhe.
Igama uRichard Bachman uvele ngaphansi kwamanoveli amaningi enkosi: "Ukuhamba ibangana", "kusebenza umgwaqo", "kusebenza mandla" futhi "kunciphisa isisindo." Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isibongo bakhman sathathwa ngumlobi wezikhali "zezikhali" ngoba wayengumuntu othanda inkampani edumile yomculo "bachman-turner overdrive".
I-pseudonym kaStephen King kwadingeka ilahle ngemuva kokudangala kwakhe kwalowo olalelayo wesinye sezitolo zezincwadi zaseWashington. Lapho-ke i-Novest Fast yamemezela ukuthi uBachman wabulawa umdlavuza.
Ngo-1980-90, kuvela izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zikaStefanu nkosi. Okokuqala, yimicibisholo "yaseRoma, eyaba ngowokuqala emjikelezweni" umbhoshongo omnyama ". Ngo-1982 okufanayo ngo-1982 ngokurekhoda izinsuku eziyi-10, wabhala i-romance enezemboleko enamakhasi angama-300. "
Ngo-1996, incwadi ethi "Green Mile" yavela. Lokhu kungenye ye-romanov stephen inkosi ethandekayo. Ngemuva konyaka, umlobi waphetha inkontileka nendlu yokushicilela "Simon & Schuster", ekhokhe phambili imali ekhokhelwa imali engu- $ 8 yezigidi ezingama- $ 8 ngethayi ", futhi futhi ithembiswe ukunikeza ama-50% wemali engenayo yokuthengisa.
Imisebenzi eminingi ye- "Horror King" iyabiswa. Ngo-1998, uStephen Yenkosi wenza njengesimo sochungechunge lwe-TV ethandwa kakhulu lwaleyo minyaka - iphrojekthi "eyimfihlo yezinto ezisetshenziswayo", lapho uGillian Andelson noDavid Glukovan abadlale khona izindima zabo zenkanyezi.
Ehlobo lika-1999, i-minibus idubule phansi inja yombhali. UStephen King ubone ukuphahlakala okuningi komlenze wesokudla, ukwaphuka kokhalohlwini, ukulimala ekhanda namaphaphu. Umlenze wawukwazi ukusindisa ukunqunywa. Isikhathi eside, udokotela onobufa wayengahlala imizuzu engaphezu kuka-40, emva kwalokho izinhlungu ezisethangeni eliphukile zaba buhlungu. Lo mcimbi wawususelwa engxenyeni yesi-7 yochungechunge lwe- "Dark Tower" lwamanoveli, futhi wathola nesibonisi kwelinye lamafilimu ochungechunge lweRoyal Hot Hot Hot Hot Hot Hot Hot Hot Hot Serication.
Ngo-2002, uStefanu inkosi wakhathaza abalandeli bakhe ngezindaba zokuthi uvimba umsebenzi wokubhala. Usenzima ukuhlala, okungavumeli ukugxila ebungcweti obuseduze. Kepha enjabulweni enkulu yabalandeli, isazi sesayensi yaphule isithembiso sokuyeka ukubhala.
Ngo-2004, ingxenye yokugcina ye-Epic "tower emnyama" yashicilelwa. Futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, i-Novelosist yanikeza umkhiqizo omusha obizwa nge- "Lisa umlando".
Ngo-2006, ama-Amateur of Mysteries Stephen King amemezele ukuthi wayithola i-vakhman yenoveli engachitheka. Eqinisweni, kwatholakala kubo umbhalo wabo wesandla wezikhathi zabafundi, lapho sonke lesi sikhathi sagcinwa eyunivesithi.
Kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2016, uStephen King, wakujabulisa abafundi ukuqoqwa kwezindaba "ngemuva kokushona kwelanga" kanye namanoveli "Drum-Amanoveli", "Mnu. Mercedes" kanye "nemvuselelo" . Ehlobo lika-2016, "iKosi eyethusayo" yethule ingxenye yesithathu yenoveli ethi "Mnu Mercedes", okubizwa ngokuthi "okuthunyelwe kwadlula."
Ngawo lowo nyaka, abalandeli bethalente le- "Horror King" babheka ngenjabulo izikrini kusihlwa nokubamba iqhaza kwababhali abasha - uStefanu King noGeorge Martin. Umhlangano wenzeka e-Albuquerque.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, nonkosikazi wesikhathi esizayo, uTobita Spruce Romanist wahlangana eyunivesithi. Kuleyo minyaka enzima babenendodana uJosefa nendodakazi uNawomi. Kamuva, kwavela indodana yesibili - u-Owen. I-Tabit ingeyena umsebenzi wokubhala obhaliwe - lona wesifazane wazama ukudala, kepha amanoveli akhe ayisishiyagalolunye awazange asebenzise isidingo esikhethekile.
Impilo yomuntu siqu UStephen King nomkakhe amthandayo kaye bajabule. Bendawonye badlula ezivivinyweni eziningi. Ekuqaleni kwempilo yomndeni - ngobumpofu. Kamuva - ngokusebenzisa utshwala kanye nokulutha kwezidakamizwa. Ngo-1999, kwakumele kubonakale incwadi kwelinye lamaphephandaba ama-satirical, okusolwa ukuthi wabhalwa eStefanu King, lapho avumele khona ukuthi isikhathi sokubhala inoveli "Tomminoxy" sawela enkumbulweni yakhe.
Kwathi lapho kwenzeka, imihla wangama-1980 yasivezwa ngempela umlutha wenkosi ekuphuzeni nasezidakamizweni. Ukuze uqinisekise imikhuba ebhubhisayo ebhubhisayo ukuze ancengelwe odokotela, odokotela "abaqoqiwe" ubufakazi: Bathathe amabhange atholakala kudoti abasuka ebhishi, efaka i-valium, e-cocaine nasensangu. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho, ngokwesabekayo, ukubona yonke le "ngcebo" ekhaphethini, uStephen Mnuna wasibona lesi sifo waphendukela kusizo lochwepheshe.
Umsebenzi wokuqala owabhalwa nguye ngemuva kokululama kwakuyinoveli "izinto ezidingekayo".
Ngokubambisana nomkakhe uStephen King ungumnikazi wezifunda ezintathu: eBangor, enombolle naseSarasot. Ukuvakasha komndeni kokugcina ebusika. Itholakala ogwini lwe-efudumele yaseMexico Bay eFlorida.
Namuhla umlobi noshade naye banabazukulu abane.
Oonyana bakaStefanu inkosi futhi wenza izinyathelo zokuqala ngokubhala. Ukubhala kwendodakazi uNawomi akukuthandi. Kuyaziwa ngokuba nobudlelwano nothisha wemfundiso yenkolo yezenkolo.
Esikhathini sakhe samahhala, uStephen King uvakashela imidlalo yeqembu le-baseball elithandekayo "boston red sox". Ngeminyaka yama-1990s, abashadikazi baxhasa ukwakhiwa kwenkundla yenkundla yezemidlalo "yeMansfield", kwathi ngonyaka ka-2014 umbhali wabamba iqhaza ekuqoqweni kwezimali zabantu abagula i-amyotrophic sclerosis.
I-Bibliography
- 1974 - Karry
- 1977 - "Shine"
- 1982 - "Imicibisholo"
- 1983 - "I-PET PEMETEY"
- 1987 - "Ukukhishwa kweTroy"
- 1991 - "Umhlaba Omfashisayo"
- 1996 - "Green Mile"
- 1997 - "I-Aldun ne-Crystal"
- Ngo-2003 - "Izimpisi ze-Cali"
- Ngo-2004 - ILanga Susanne
- Ngo-2004 - "Umbhoshongo Omnyama"
- 2012 - "umoya ngokusebenzisa ukhiye"