I-Biograge
UStepan Bandera usopolitiki wase-Ukraine, isibalo esikhulu sobuzwe base-Ukraine. UStepan Bandera Biography ugcwele uchungechunge lwezehlakalo ezimbi, lo wesipolitiki udlulile emakamu okuhlushwa, ukubulala kanye namajele, amaqiniso amaningi e-biography yakhe asambozwa nge-hail of izimfihlo. Noma kunjalo, idatha eminingi ku-Stepan Andreevich Bandera yaziwa ngokuqinisekile, ikakhulukazi ukubonga kwe-autobiography ebhalwe nguYe ngaphambi kokufa.Ubuntwana nentsha
UStepan Bandera wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1, 1909 edolobhaneni laseGagnov (umbuso waseGalicia naseLomomeria, e-Austria-Hungary) emkhayeni wesifundisi samaGrikhi amaGrikhi. UStepan wazalwa ngengane yesibili, emva kwakhe, kwavela ezinye izingane eziyisithupha emndenini.
Abazali bebengenalo ikhaya labo, babehlala endlini yenkonzo ephethwe yiSonto lamaGrikhi lase-Ukraine. Ku-autobiography yakhe, isibhengezo esidala sabhala:
Kusukela ebuntwaneni emndenini babusa uMoya wokuthanda izwe, abazali bakhulisa izintshisekelo zezwe, zezepolitiki nezomphakathi ezinganeni.Endlini yenkonzo bekukhona umtapo wezincwadi omkhulu, osopolitiki abaningi ababalulekile abavakashele: UMikhail Gavrilko, Yaroslav Veselovsky, Pavel Gollodzinsky. Babenomthelela ongenakuqhathaniswa nomholi wesikhathi esizayo wenhlangano yezizwe zase-Ukraine (i-eun). Imfundo yokuqala uStepan bandera futhi etholile ekhaya, wafundiswa nguYise ka-Andrei Bandera, kanti ezinye zesayensi ethile zafundisa othisha abangenayo base-Ukraine.
Umndeni uStepan Petan wabhema ngokwenkolo, ikusasa lomholi we-bheli laliyingane elalelayo kakhulu, ehlonipha abazali bakhe. I-bandera kusukela esemncane ibikholelwa, ekuseni nakusihlwa yathandazela isikhathi eside. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uStepan Bandera wayezoba umfiseli wenkululeko ye-Ukraine, ngakho-ke ekusithekeni kwabazali bakhe wayala isidumbu sakhe. Ngenxa yokuzivocavoca okubizwa ngokuthi yibuhlungu, uBandera wabona ama-rheumatism wamalunga, amsukela kuze kube sekufeni.
Esikhathini esineminyaka emihlanu ubudala, uBandera wabona ukuqala kwempi yezwe yokuqala, ikhaya labo labhujiswa, ngoba i-Ugrinov endala yenzeka kaningana. Ukuhlinzwa okungalindelekile emsebenzini weNhlangano Yenkululeko Kazwelonke kwakuwumthelela omkhulu kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe owengeziwe. Ubaba kaBandera wabamba iqhaza kule nhlangano: waba negalelo ekwakhekeni kwezakhamizi zamadolobhana aseduze amayunithi amasosha agcwele, futhi futhi awanikeze nazo zonke izikhali ezidingekayo.
Ngo-1919, uStepan Bandera ungene endaweni yokuzivocavoca edolobheni laseStry, lapho wafunda iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, lapho efundwa khona isiLatini, isiGreki, izincwadi nomlando, ifilosofi kanye nomqondo. E-Gymnasium nge-bandera yakhunjulwa ngokuthi "ephansi, egqoke kabi le nsizwa." Ngokuvamile, i-bandera yayingumfundi okhuthele kakhulu, naphezu kwesifo samalunga: wahlanganyela kwezemidlalo, wabamba iqhaza emicimbini eminingi yentsha, wahlabelela ekwayeni futhi wadlala izinsimbi zomculo.
Isiqalo sesiqalo
Ngemuva kokuthi i-Gymnasium Stepan yabandakanyeka emsebenzini wesiko nangokokufundisa, umnotho, futhi futhi wahola ama-mugs wentsha ahlukile. Ngasikhathi sinye, iBandera isebenze ngaphansi kwenhlangano yamasosha yase-Ukraine (Wevo) - yabhalwa yilungu le-Wevi ngo-1928 kuphela, kodwa ngale nhlangano ngangiyindawo yokuzivocavoca.
Ngo-1928, uStepan wathuthela eLviv, lapho afunda khona eLviv Polytechnic emnyangweni wezolimo. Ngasikhathi sinye kuqhubeke ukusebenza ku-Wev nase-Oun. UBandera wayengomunye wamalungu okuqala e-eun entshonalanga ye-Ukraine. Umsebenzi onesivunguvungu uBandera wayengumbhali ongumbhali we-martirical of the magazine we-satirical "ukuziqhenya kwesizwe", umgqugquzeli wokulethwa ngokungemthetho e-Ukraine yezinhlobo eziningi zaphesheya kwezilwandle.
Ngo-1932, uCareer Stepan Stepan wathola umjikelezo omusha wentuthuko: ekuqaleni wathatha isikhundla sePhini Lomqhubi Oseceleni we-Oun, kwathi ngo-1933 waqokelwa kumqhubi wesifundo osentshonalanga e-Ukraine naseMnyangweni Wesifunda woMnyango Wempi ye-oun-wev. Kusukela ngo-1930 kuya ku-1933, uStepan Bandera waboshwa amahlandla amahlandla ayisihlanu: ukuze umnikelo we-Antipol, khona-ke umzamo wokuphila kukaKhomishani wamaphoyisa ezepolitiki e. Czekhhovsky, wabe esezama ukuwela amaphoyisa asePoland-CzechHech.
Imibhikisho
Ngo-December 22, 1932, lapho ukwenziwa kwamasosha - ontani, uDanilishin noBilas eLviv, uBandera wahlela isenzo sokubhikimba inkulumo-ze: Ngesikhathi sokubulawa kwawo, wonke amasonto e-LVIV asatshalaliswa ku-Bell Ekhale.
UBandera wayengumhleli neminye imibhikisho eminingi. Ikakhulu, ngo-June 3, 1933, uStepan bandid wahola mathupha ukuhlinzwa ukuqeda i-Consul yaseSoviv eLviv, umabi wecala nguNikolai Lemik, owabulala umzuzu uqobo. Kulokhu, i-lymbic yayilahlwa ngokuphelele.
NgoSeptemba 1933, i-bandera yahlela "umkhankaso wesikole", lapho izingane zesikole zase-Ukraine zabeka khona yonke iPolish; Kulesi senzo, i-bandera yakwazi ukusetshenziswa, ngokusho kwabezindaba basePoland, amashumi ezinkulungwane zezingane zesikole. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uStepan Bandera naye wayengumhleli wokubulawa kwabantu abaningi kwezepolitiki: akuwona wonke imisebenzi ephumelele, abathathu babo bathola isimo sabaningi esidlangalaleni:
- Zama ku-Curator yesikole Gadovsky;
- zama e-coviet contul eLviv;
- Ukubulawa okugcwaliseke kukaNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi kwePoland Bronislav Peratsky (Juni 15, i-plolomat yadutshulwa ngokudutshulwa ngangemuva kwekhanda).
I-bandera yayingumhleli futhi obambe iqhaza enanini elikhulu lezenzo zobushokobezi ze-eun, lapho kubulawa khona amaphoyisa asePoland, amaKhomanisi endawo, isibopho sezombusazwe saseGalitsky kanye nezihlobo zawo. Noma kunjalo, ama-Ukraine abe yizisulu ze-eun. Ngomthetho uSteaman, uBandera ngonyaka ka-1934 washaywa yiBhodi Yesihleli ephephandabeni ngakwesobunxele "Prica" ("wabasebenzi"). Iziqhumane ebhodini lokuhlela zabeka isishoshovu esaziwayo isishoshovu isisho, llviv umfundi ekaterina Zaritsky.
Ukugcina
NgoJulayi 2, 1936, uStepan Bandera wamacala akhe washaya ijele "Mokotow" eWarsaw. Ngosuku olulandelayo wathuthelwa ejele le- "Svetna Ksizha" ("Holy Cross"), okungekude namaKielt. I-Bander yakhumbula ukuthi kubi ejele ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimo zokuphila ezijwayelekile: ukukhanya okulula, amanzi nephepha. Kusukela ngo-1937, izimo zokuhlala ejele zaqiniswa ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke i-bander kanye nezwi uqobo lwazihlela isiteleka sendlala yezinsuku eziyi-16, ibhikisha ngokumelene nokuphathwa kwejele. Lesi siteleka sendlala siyaqashelwa, uBandera waya kwezinye izivumelwano.
Ngesikhathi sesiphetho, ibhande lihanjiswa emajele ahlukahlukene ePoland, lapho enza khona imibhikisho eminingi. Ngemuva kokuthi iJalimane ihlasela iPoland, i-bandera yadedelwa, njengabanye bezizwe eziningi zase-Ukraine.
NgoJulayi 5, 1941, i-bander yamenywa ukuba ihlangabezane neziphathimandla zaseJalimane kuthiwa zingxoxo nezingxoxo, kodwa emhlanganweni othile waboshwa, ngoba wayengafuni ukunikela "isenzo sokuvuselelwa kwesimo sase-Ukraine", ngemuva kwalokho Babekwe kuqala ejele lamaphoyisa aseJalimane eKrakow, kwathi ngemuva konyaka nesigamu ekamu lokuhlushwa "zakshenhausen". Lapho, wagcinwe ebhulokini "ngabantu bezepolitiki", wayegcinwa njalo.
Lapho uStepan bandera enqaba ukunikela ngesicelo seziphathimandla zaseJalimane, akazange abe yisisulu sokushushiswa okusha, kodwa wahlala "waqhubeka" ebhiliseke eJalimane "- wayehlala eJalimane futhi akasebenzi. Wazama ukuqaphela ukuthi kwenzekani e-Ukraine, kodwa wahlukaniswa ngokuphelele naye. Kepha akugcinanga isikhathi eside, ngemuva kokuqothuka kwe-eun, usevele ekhanda i-eun (b) ekutholeni kukaShukhevich ngo-1945.
Ukushona
UStepan Bandera akafanga nokufa kwakhe, wabulawa ngo-Okthoba 15, 1959 eMunich. Ngokwemithombo, ukubulawa kukaStepan Bandera kwenzeka emnyango wendlu yakhe: wafika ekhaya edla isidlo sasemini, kodwa emnyango wayelinde i-ejenti KGB Bogdan Stashinsky - walinda umzuzu olula wokubulala uBandera kusuka ngosizo ye-cyanide potassium.
I-bandera yathola omakhelwane abezwa ukukhala kwakhe. Kwacatshangelwa ukuthi lesi sibalo safa ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, kepha imbangela yeqiniso yokubulawa kukaStepan Bandera isize ekutholeni izinhlaka zokuqinisa umthetho.
I-Stepan's Killder Badder BOGDAN STASHINSKY iboshwe ngamaphoyisa aseJalimane, ngo-1962, kwaqala ukuqulwa kwecala elikhulu ngokumelene neStashinsky, lapho aqaphela khona icala. Umenzeli we-KGB wagwetshwa iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ejele, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka eyisithupha ejele, uStashinsky wanyamalala endaweni engaziwa.
Isihloko seqhawe se-Ukraine
I-PosethLyy ngo-2010, uStepan Bandera wathola isihloko seqhawe lase-Ukraine, owamnika uMongameli uVictor Yushenko "ngokungabi nabungozi bomoya." Ngemuva kwalokho uYushchenko waphawula ukuthi izigidi zabantu base-Ukraine babelinde isikhathi eside lapho i-bandera enikeza iqhawe lase-Ukraine, futhi isinqumo sikaYushchenko samukelwa yimiklomelo yesivunguvungu somzukulu we-Tseck Stepan Bander .
Noma kunjalo, lo mcimbi wabangela ukubabaza umphakathi okukhulu, abaningi bebengavumelani nesinqumo uYushchenko. E-European Union, futhi waphendula kabi kulo mcimbi, ngakho-ke ubizwa ngokuthi uMongameli osanda kukhethwa uViktor Yanukovych ukukhansela isinqumo.
Njengamanje, ubuntu bakaStepan Bandera ubangela umbono womphakathi emphakathini: Uma kunophawu lomzabalazo wenkululeko entshonalanga ye-Ukraine, empumalanga ye-Ukraine, iPoland neRussia babona lo msolisopolitiki kakhulu.
Obani "Bandera"?
Umqondo we- "bandera" wenzeka kusuka kwigama lokugcina uStepan bandera, njengamanje le nkulumo selivele libe yigama lalowo ogama - emphakathini wanamuhla "emphakathini wanamuhla" ubiza bonke ubuzwe.
Imithombo Qaphela ukuthi umqondo wokuthi "i-bandera" emphakathini wanamuhla awusho ukuthi izizwe zinesimo esihle ngokuqondile ngoStepan Bandera - ngakho-ke zibizwa ngawo wonke ama-National.