I-Biograge
U-Angela Merkel ungusopolitiki waseJalimane odumile. NjengoChancellor of Germany, waphinda wavela kaningi ukubhekelwa phansi kwabesifazane abanethonya elikhulu emhlabeni ngokusho umagazini weForbes, futhi izithombe zakhe zivele ezembozo zohlelo oluphambili lomhlaba. Izintatheli zibize usaziwayo ngokuthi "i-iron lady" noma "Teutonic Margaret Thatcher".Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography ka-Angela Merkel ivela eHamburg, lapho wazalwa ngoJulayi 17, 1954 emndenini wothisha wezilimi zakwamanye amazwe nomfundisi weSonto Lamanye amaLuthere waseBerlin - uBrandenburg. Ngokushesha base benendodakazi enye indodakazi nendodana uMarcus.
Usaziwayo wesikhathi esizayo kusukela esemncane wayekhuthele futhi wahlukaniswa ukusebenza kwezifundo ezinhle kakhulu. Ikakhulu wanikezwa izibalo kanye nesiRussia. Okunye ohlezi edeskini yesikole, u-Angela uthathe isinqumo sokuqhubeka nemfundo yakhe e-University of Leipzig aqanjwe ngoKarl Marx, lapho ngo-1973 wenza ubuhlakani benyama. Ebusheni bakhe, le ntombazane yabamba iqhaza emisebenzini yesayensi.
Ukuvikela iDiploma emnandi kakhulu, uMerkel wamukelwa esikhungweni esikhungweni sesayensi ye-GDR. Ekuqaleni wasebenza eMnyangweni Wezemikhosi Yama-Theoretical Chemistry, kwathi-ke, evikela uMosisi wakhe odokotela, waqala ukutadisha abahlaziyi. Kakade lapho osaziwayo bebenesithakazelo kwezepolitiki, wahlanganisa nekomidi lesifunda i-SSNM, lapho ayenza khona umsebenzi wokufundisa.
Umsebenzi nezepolitiki
UCareer Merkel waqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba abheke izisekelo zezepolitiki zaseJalimane ne-EU, futhi indlela yakhe eya phezulu yayinde. Ngo-1989, usaziwayo waphinda wagcwala uchungechunge oluthi "Intando yeningi i-Democthrough". Ekuqaleni wayengumphathi wekhompyutha, wabe esethuthuka ekuthuthukiseni amapheshana eqembu, futhi kamuva wasebenza njengonobhala wezingcweti.Ngonyaka, ukuhlanganiswa ne-Eastern Hermann Christian Christian Union (XDS) kwenzeka. Okwesinye isikhathi, udumo lwathatha indawo kanobhala wabezindaba kuHulumeni okhethwe ngokukhululekile we-GDR, kepha ngokushesha umbuzo wobumbano lweJalimane kwakubuhlungu. Isikhundla esibanjelwe sivumele ingelosi ukuba iye engcupheni yezingxoxo ngokuphela kwesivumelwano soMbuso maqondana nenhlangano yezenhlalo, ezomnotho nemali.
Ngaphambi nje kokuba kuhlanganiswe nezwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwahlanganiswa nama-XDS aseNtshonalanga Jalimane, ngemuva kwalokho uMerkel wathathwa ngumeluleki eMnyangweni woMnyango kanye nokunyatheliswa kweRiphabhulikhi yaseJalimane. Ngo-December 1990, iSekela Likagunya leBundestag lamukelwa ngenxa yokhetho.
Esikhathini esizayo, ingelosi yathuthela ngokuzethemba ngecala lomsebenzi. Uwine indawo yeChancellor Helmut Kohl, ngenxa yalokho kwaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "intombazane kolya". Ngenxa yomusa wakhe, uMerkel waba yisikhonzi sentsha nabesifazane. Kamuva, waqonda inkonzo yokuvikelwa kwemvelo, eyayenza yaba yisibalo esibaluleke kakhulu enkundleni yezepolitiki.
Kepha ngemuva kokuthi idolo libambe iqhaza esihlalweni, u-Angela ekhuluma obala ngokumelene nomeluleki wangaphambili. Kwenze kuphela amandla. Ngo-Ephreli 2000, udumo lwalubhekiswe yinyunyana yeChristian-Democratic Union. Kakade-ke wayezoba chancellor, kepha ngenxa yokungasekeli, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba okhetho benqabile izinhloso esikhundleni somphikisi.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, uMerkel wanqoba ukuzethemba kwabantu. Wenze ukwenqaba amandla enuzi, wagqugquzela ukuhwebo okuvela e-United States futhi wasekela isinqumo seziphathimandla zaseMelika ukwethula amabutho e-Iraq. Futhi nosopolitiki ophikisana neTurkey's action to the EU, eveze umbono womphakathi.
Chancellor
NgoNovemba 2005, u-Angela Merkel ukhethwe nguChancellor waseJalimane, waba ngowesifazane wokuqala kulokhu okuthunyelwe. Emandleni, isizwe sahlala cishe iminyaka eyi-16, sakhethwa kaningi amahlandla amane. Ngalesi sikhathi, wakwazi ukunqoba udumo lomholi wezepolitiki ozolile nokwahlulela.
Ngo-2018, ngemuva kokuthi iqembu lakhe lithole amarekhodi amavoti aphansi kumavotiqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule, usopolitiki washo ukuthi uzokushiya usihlalo we-CDC futhi angabe esangena endaweni ye-chancellor. Ngasikhathi sinye, wanquma ukuhlala kulesi simo kuze kube sekupheleni kwegama, lapho iningi lezakhamizi zaseJalimane zasekelwa.
Ukuba namandla, uMerkel wakhombisa izifundo lapho kunezingxabano zamasosha, ochwepheshe bamazwe aphesheya baphawula ukuthi ungosopolitiki wezwe, hhayi impi. Lokhu kungukuqinisekisa kwalokhu ukuthi osaziwayo basolwa kaninginingi ngokuxhaswa ngokunganele kweBundeswehr - ibutho laseJalimane. Wake wathembisa ukuyilungisa, kepha inani lokuncishiswa lalingaphansi kwamanye amazwe e-NATO.
Enye inkinga enzima kwakuyinkinga yokufuduka eyayiphumile eYurophu ngonyaka ka-2015. Ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi esifundeni kwavela ngenxa yokulawula. Zonke izenzo ezithathe usopolitiki ukuxazulula inkinga eholele ekuweni. Kamuva engqungqutheleni ye-EU eBrussels, amazwe aseMelika azamile ukuvumelana nabamele iTurkey, enza icebo lokutholwa kwababaleki yileli lizwe. Kwenze umphumela, futhi ukugeleza kwabafuduki kungekudala kwehle kakhulu.
Besikhathazekile nge-chancellor kanye nezinkinga zobudlelwano neRussia. Ugxeke izinqubomgomo zikaVladimir Putin ngokumelene neCrimea neDonbass, ekhuthaza ukubekwa phansi kwezikhungi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, inhloko kahulumeni waseJalimane ibilokhu ibizwa ngamanye amalungu e-EU ukuthi axoxe noMongameli waseRussia.
Ngesikhathi se-coronavirus ubhubhane, udumo lwathatha isenzo ukulwa nalesi sifo, sibeke imingcele ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi. UChancellor esibonelweni sakho wakhombisa izakhamizi ezibalulekile ukuhambisana nokuzola nokude ngezikhathi ezinzima. Izintatheli zikwazile ukudubula, njengoba uMerkel ku-par enawo wonke umuntu athenga izimpahla esitolo. Kuliqiniso, abaningi bamgxeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemaski.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe e-University, u-Angela wahlangana no-Ulrich Merkel, owaba ngumyeni wakhe wokuqala. Isibongo sakhe asigqoka futhi manje. Bahlala ndawonye iminyaka emi-5, kepha bangeniswa isehlukaniso. Kwakungekho zingane emndenini. Kamuva, uChancellor wavuma ukuthi uzokubheka lokhu kuhlangana kuyiphutha - washada, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kwamukelwa kanjalo.Eminyakeni engu-2 ngemuva kwesehlukaniso sengelosi, wahlangana nendoda yesibili - uJoachim Sauer, kodwa kulokhu lo wesifazane wanquma ukungaphuthumi nomshado. Lo mbhangqwana ikakhulukazi umshado ubekelwe ngokusemthethweni ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 yobudlelwano, ngo-1998.
Umlingani kadumo uhlukaniswa ukuvalwa, akazange afike ngisho nokuvulwa komkakhe. Kepha empilweni yomuntu siqu kaChancellor ubusa ukuhambisana: Lo mbhangqwana uhlala ephuka ndawonye, futhi ngempelasonto bayathanda ukuphuma ku-Opera.
U-Angela Merkel manje
Ngo-2021, isikhathi sokuba sehhovisi leMerkel njengoba i-chancellor iphelelwe yisikhathi. Kepha, ukusebenzisa isikhathi esisele ngaphambi kokhetho, wathumela wonke amabutho ukuxazulula izingxabano neChina naseRussia. Ekupheleni kukaJuni, usopolitiki waphinde wasebenza kumalungu e-EU, ebiza umhlangano noVladimir Putin. Umbono wakhe awusekelwanga.
Kamuva, udumo lwavakashela e-UK, lapho ahlangana khona neNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II.
Imiklomelo nezihloko
- 1996 - I-oda le-Big Honor Cross (Commander) "izinsizakalo ze-Federal Republic of Germany"
- Ngo-2006 - Isiphambano esikhulu se-oda "sokufanelekela kwiRiphabhulikhi yase-Italy"
- Ngo-2007 - Isikhulu Esiphezulu Esikhulu Sama-Abdel-Aziza Ibn Saud
- 2007 - I-Order Order Order Merit
- Ngo-2007 - umklomelo ogama lakhe ngemuva kukaLeo Buck of Central Council of genis eJalimane
- Ngo-2008 - Umklomelo omkhulu weKarl ngokufanele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-European Union
- Ngo-2008 - I-Big Cross Regree 1st degree of oda "ngokufanelekela eFederal Republic yaseJalimane"
- Ngo-2008 - Isiphambano esikhulu se-Orena Peru
- 2009 - Isiphambano esikhulu se-Order Don Enriki
- 2010 - Order "Stara Planina" nge-Ribbon
- 2010 - Order of Zaid
- 2011 - Indondo KaMongameli Yenkululeko
- 2014 - Indondo KaMongameli
- Ngo-2015 - Sign Big Holiodiry Holohloni "Sezinsizakalo eziphambi kweRepublic yase-Austrian" ku-Ribbon
- 2016 - Order of the Republic
- 2017 - Order "Kurmanzhan Datka"
- 2017 - Isiphambano esikhulu se-oda lamaVitautas Great
- Ngo-2019 - Isiphambano esikhulu se-Oriden of Double White Cross
- 2019 - Ukuhleleka kwezinkanyezi ezintathu ze-2nd degree
- 2021 - Ukuhleleka kwesiphambano seMaria Maria 1st degree