I-Biograge
U-Oleg Efreemov uthe uzobe esongele phezu kwalowo athambekele, ukube bekungeyena umlingisi. Futhi waba waba, wakubopha umphakathi, akavumeli igremu yamanga. Njengomqondisi, waguqula inkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi, enikeza lolu hlobo lobuciko ngokujula kwengqondo okungaziwa.I-EfreeMEMOV ingaba nomusa futhi ibucayi, inokhahlo futhi ibe sesigaba ngokwedlulele, ukungamukeli umbono womunye umuntu, ngisho nomndeni wanikezwa indima yesibili. Kepha wonke umuntu owaza ngaphesheya kwe-Oleg Nikolayevich empilweni noma emsebenzini, uphendula kuye ngenhlonipho nangokunconywa.
Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Oleg Effemov wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 1927 emndenini waseRussia, kepha inguqulo yobuzwe bamaJuda yaguqulwa njalo. "Sesha abantu ababonakalayo bamaJuda noma okungenani abanye" abangamaJuda "isici seRussia. Njengoba ubuhlakani nomJuda uma kungenjalo ukulingana ngokuphelele, khona-ke kufana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abantu abangakwazanga ukusolwa ngalokhu, basasolwa, "kusho uSergey Yursky, ekhumbula inkulumo ka-Oleg Nikolayevich kusihlwa se-Khruch yaseThercow MOSHOL MINHOLON MIKHOLES.
Abazali baka-Anna Dmitminrievna noNikolai Ivanovich baphila ngesizotha, ngoba ubuntwana bomlingisi odumile, uMqondisi, uMfundisi kanye nomsunguli weSOVremennik Theatre edlulile emhlanganweni omkhulu waseMoscow e-Arbat. Abangane bakhe abakhulu babengumzukulu womculi waseSovily Kaluy Kaluzhshsky, u-Alexander Kaluga, nendodana yokutholwa kombhali uMikhalov Sergey Shilovsky.
U-Oleg wayevame ukuvakashela izindlu ze-Bulgak emzileni weNachichokinsky, wamunca umoya wokudala ohlakaniphile njengesiponji, ungaze usolwe, wawunenhlanhla enkulu yokuxhumana. I-Effemov encane yabe isingenaso isikhathi sokufunda incwadi eyodwa ye-Bulgakov. Kepha-ke, kunjalo, washayisana, akazange abeke umsebenzi owodwa womlobi enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi.
I-Efreemov yachitha iminyaka yesikole eVorkuta. Uyise wasebenza njenge-accountant eGulag, kanjalo nendodana yayinokuphila kwangempela kwekamu cishe.
Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kwempi, u-Oleg waya ezivivinyweni esikoleni saseMcAt Studio. Labo abafisa ukufaka ubuhlakani obabumbayo baba yinto emangalisayo, kepha le nsizwa eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, hhayi indoda enhle, ikwazile ukunqoba ikomidi lokwamukelwa futhi lidlule emncintiswaneni kusukela okokuqala. I-EfreeMEMOV yayinenhlanhla yokufika emholweni womqondisi wezemidlalo ovelele, i-laureate yamaphrimiyamu amane ama-stalmist Mikhail Kedrov kanye nomlingisi odume ngokulinganayo kanye nomqondisi, i-laureate yamaphrimiyamu amabili aqinile aphezulu.
Ngawo wonke umuntu onothuli osemusha, umkhulu wokuqala we-efreemov wathandana nezimfundiso zikaStanislavsky, futhi kakhulu kangangokuba nabangane afunga ngobuqotho baphakade. Ngendaba yokungathí sina, abadlali abazayo bawela isifungo ngegazi labo. Futhi u-Oleg Nikolaevich wathembeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Insizwa yayofunda nekhanda lakhe, iphupha ngeMKATE. Umfundi onesifiso sokuvelela wabhala kudayari, ezoba ngumqondisi omkhulu wethiyetha yaseshashalazini edumile, kodwa ngemuva kokuphothula estudiyo, akazange athathe ngisho nathi lapho nesitali. Kwakuwukwehluleka okuphelele. Kepha i-Effemov ibingafiswanga futhi yangena enkonzweni yaseshashalazini yezingane eziphakathi nendawo.
Ithiyeta
E-TSDT, umlingisi osemusha washeshe wanikeza indima enkulu. Waya endaweni yesehlakalo ngesimo sikaVolvodyaya Chernyshev ekukhiqizweni "kwabangane bakhe" bakaViktor Roshov futhi wathanda izithameli ekusebenzeni kokuqala. I-EfreeMEMOV idlale ngobuqotho ukuthi akekho umuntu owabona umlingisi kuyo, kodwa kuphela esikole sangempela sangempela, yize iqiniso lokuthi ukukhula kuka-Oleg kwakungeyona ukuphakama kwezingane - amasentimitha angama-180.Ngokushesha i-CDT yaba ngenye yezinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ethandwa kakhulu yaseMoscow. I-EfreeMEMOV idlale izindima ezingaphezu kuka-20 esimweni sakhe. Umlingisi wawukwazi ngokulinganayo ukuphinda aphindise ekuvuseleleni kabusha emkhombeni eBoris GodInov nase-Ivanushka-Fool ku "Skate Gorbunk". Futhi ngo-1955, u-Oleg effemov ngokwakhe wabeka uMculo amahlaya uMikhail Lviv kanye neVadim Korostyleva "DIMKA-Ayibonakali". I-DEDITIAL DUT yahloswa umlingisi odumile ngokugqamile.
Indlela kaStanislavsky, e-Effemov esifubeni yafunga ngobuqotho baphakade, ngokushesha yaba yinto engenhla emibuthanweni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, kodwa, isithembiso sangempela, umlingisi wazithola ethanda phakathi kwabafundi be-studio MCAT. Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, i-Effemov yahlala ithisha kuYe, futhi abafundi babemthanda kakhulu. Kulaba, waqoqa i-troupe yokuqala yaseshashalazini "yesimanje".
"Isibonelo" Igama laso elifanele. I-Theatre yaphakamisa izinkinga zangempela. Imidlalo yababhali banamuhla idlale endaweni yayo, phakathi kwayo kwakungu-Alexander Galich, uVasily Akeselenov no-Optic Alexander Solzhenitsn. Bekuthembekile, ukukhulumisana okujabulisayo nezilaleli. Kwakukhona ngisho nekhethini enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi.
I-Efreemov, ukuba ngumqondisi we "Wamanje", yahlala nomlingisi wayo, wabuza ithoni futhi wachaza isitayela semibuzo yaseshashalazini, futhi abanye ozakwabo balingiswa. Ngo-1970, u-Oleg wamema uMqondisi wezobuciko eMcAt. Iphupho lokuvelela, elilungiselelwe ebusheni ephepheni, laba ngokoqobo. Kwakunamahemuhemu ukuthi isikhundla se-efreemov asikaze sivikeleke ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwe-catherine furtseva.
Ungqongqoshe wesiko wawungelona ize elibizwa nge- "Iron Lady of The USSR", wayala phambi kweqembu ledolobha ukuze umuntu aphuthunyiswe epensela ngokusebenzisa kabi utshwala. Ngokwezinkumbulo zika-Oleg Tabakov, okungenani kabili i-Effemov ikweleta i-ekaterina alekseevna ngokusindiswa kwayo ngaphambi kwamandla abantu.
Kuliqiniso, iqiniso lalingekho nhlobo njengoba lalibonakala. I-Efremova yabiza i-MCAT ebiwe, empeleni, umphathi wenhlekelele. Uphakamise ukufutheka okugcwele esiteji esisha, kodwa wavuma kuphela i-evgeny evstigneev. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uNhuduka omusha wakwazi ukubuyisela inkazimulo yangaphambili yethiyetha yaseshashalazini bese eshintsha i-Alexander Kalyagan, i-Innokentia smoktunovsky, bese uTatiana Doronin.
I-Troupe kaMkat yayinkulu kangangokuba izindima kubo bonke abadlali abangenazo. Ekugcineni, u-Oleg Nikolayevich uphakamise ukuhlukanisa inkundla yaseshashalazini. Ngakho waba yinhloko yeMHT eqanjwe ngoChekhov.
Ukushaywa kwangempela kuka-Oleg Effemova kwakuwukufa komngane wakhe osondelene naye emsurovsky. Emva kwalokho, umqondisi wafaka umdlalo owodwa kuphela - "odade abathathu". Futhi eminyakeni eyi-6 kamuva, i-Effemov ishiywe ngemuva kwe-smoktunovsky. Ithiyetha lalikhona ngaleso sikhathi izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha - ku-Tour eTaiwan. Abathandi bethalente ngaphandle kwehaba lomlingisi omkhulu futhi umqondisi wamlethela imibala eminingi kangangokuba bekungenakwenzeka ukusondela esakhiweni se-MHT eChamber Meter.
Amafilimu
U-Oleg Efreemov wenza isikweletu sakhe e-cinema ngo-1955, lapho u-Alethei Pisodova edlalela i-Echelon Melodraman yokuqala, uMikhail Kalazozova, owayethatha isikole samafilimu wonke esaziwa ngokuthi "abathola i-crane" eyayithola i-Golden Palm Branch kumaCannes. Ngemuva kwefilimu ephumelelayo, amafilimu ane-efreemov aqala ukuphuma cishe njalo ngonyaka.
U-Effemov's Kinoheroi wayehluke ngokuphelele, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye lapho umlindi ebonakala sengathi umlingisi ubonakala edlala yena. Futhi wabelane "empini kanye nezwe", futhi uDkt Aibolit ku "Aibolit-66", kanye nomphenyi we-maxim podberezovkov kwifilimu ", futhi, i-taxiper Sasha ku" iziqongo ezintathu Ku-plutch "kutholwe e-Oleg Nikolaivich enjalo sengathi ayidlali, kepha ihlala phambi kwekhamera.
Ngendlela, u-Eldar Ryazanov waqala wabona i-Effemova endimeni kaYuri Delochkin, kodwa kwavela imivimbo umlingisi omkhulu akazange ayifihle umlingiswa ongokwezifiso, futhi adlale leli qhawe elikhulu lamenyelwa nge-Innonkence smoktunovsky.
Basho ukuthi i-Alexandra Pakhmutova ayifuni ukubhala i-soundtrack kwifilimu "ama-poplars amathathu axhunyiwe," aze abonile sekuvele kufakwe amafilimu. UHoroine Tatyana Doronina wahlabelela, futhi iqhawe efreemov lalela. Umlingisi wabheka kakhulu kangangokuba ubukeke wakhe ngokungathi kusuka ekujuleni komoya ophefumulelwe uPakhmutov ukubhala umculo.
Ngakho-ke enye yezingoma ezihlangethwe kakhulu "ubumnene". Futhi lesi siqephu sesiphenduke umzuzu onamandla kakhulu kwifilimu.
ESt. Petersburg namuhla unamagama omculi odumile, futhi, u-Oleg effemov. Esithombeni sesikhathi sabangu-70 phakathi kozakwabo abancane kukhona okufanayo. I-biography yokudala yalo muntu yathuthukile, mhlawumbe ayiqhakazile kangako, futhi ukukhiqizwa kokulimala kokukhiqizwa: Uthole ukungqubuzana okusethiwe, ngoba iminyaka yaqala ukuzwa kabi.
Kuma-90s, u-Oleg Vladimirovich cishe akazange adutshulwe. Noma kunjalo, ku-filtigraphy of Petersburg Efreemov, kunamaphrojekthi akhumbulekayo: "Imigwaqo yamalambu aphukile", "Imigwaqo yegolide", "umngcele wombuso", "Impilo ye-Klim Samgin".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Oleg Efreemov wayengumuntu oyedwa. Abangani bahlekisa ukuthi akekho nowesifazane ongeke akwazi ukumelana nokubukeka kwakhe buthule. Uthando lokuqala lwahlala umlingisi wesikhathi esizayo esesikoleni. Igama lakhe kwakunguTanya Rostovtsev. Wayeneminyaka emibili ngaphansi kuka-Oleg. Ukuzama ukuheha ukunakwa kwezintokazi zenhliziyo, othandweni lomfana ophuthume efasiteleni lakhe. Izingono zezingane zigcwele amanzi kuze kube kanye, igobolondo alizange lishaye umaba wentombazane. Kulokhu "amaRoma" kwaphela, hhayi isikhathi sokuqala. UTanya Roostovtseva, lapho esekhulile, washada noYuri Nikulina.Esikoleni se-studio, i-MCAT Effemov yathandana ngokushesha nobuhle bokuqala be-Irina Irina Skobtsev, kodwa intombazane yathatha enye. Unqatshelwe othandweni, hhayi ukusinda ikakhulukazi, wanikeza inhliziyo yokungashadi kukaLilius Tolmacheva, washeshe washada ngaso. Umshado wawukhona uhhafu wonyaka. Umlingisi wathandana noMargarita Kupriyanov, owadlala uDiMka ekusebenzeni kwakhe kokudlala "iDimba - engabonakali", futhi futhi ehlukumeza utshwala. Unkosikazi osemthethweni akakwazanga ukuma futhi ahambe. U-Oleg ube esexolisa ngakho.
Kungekudala ngemuva kwesehlukaniso, umculi wathola uzwela komunye uzamiza. U-Antonina Eliseiseva wayengukuhlelwa kwe-TSDT, lapho i-Effemov yasebenza ngalowo mzuzu, futhi mdala kunomlingisi iminyaka eyi-10, futhi yaze yashada nomuntu obambe iqhaza endimeni yefilimu edumile yaseSoviet "Cinderella". Kepha inhliziyo ayihleleki.
Ngo-1955, uGalina Volchek wethula u-Oleg Efreemov onomzukulu oneminyaka engu-19 ubudala wePolar Pilot Irina Mazuma Mazuma. Ukubhalisa ngokusemthethweni umbhangqwana wobudlelwano akuzange kube, kepha umshado wadlalwa. Ngokushesha u-Irina wabeletha indodakazi u-Anastasia. Kuliqiniso, akuzange kuvimbele umculi ukuthi aqhubeke nothando kubo bonke abalingisi benkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi yakhe.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlunga kokuqala kwe-movie, i-Effemov yaphuka inoveli enothando nomlingani nina doroshina. Ekugcineni, u-Irina akakwazanga ukumelana futhi futhi waqala ukunakekela ama-cavaliers angaphezulu, nabanye babo u-Oleg Nikolaevich baze bahlangane nabamele mathupha. Lapho oshade naye ekugcineni ephuma emndenini, u-Irina wazama ukuzibulala. Ngenhlanhla, owesifazane osindisiwe.
NgoNina Doroshina Oleg Efremov wahlukana kaningi, kepha lapho-ke ubudlelwano bavuselelwa futhi. Ngemuva kwenye yalezi zingxenye, uDoroshin washada no-Oleg Dalya. U-Efreemov weza emshadweni wawo futhi umemezele ukuthi umakoti umthanda ngaphezu komkhwenyana. UDal wazihlukanisa noDoroshina ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Phakathi kwabesifazane abawuthandayo be-Effemova, u-Irina Miroshnichenko kanye no-Anastasia vernets basungulwa. Umlingisi wokugcina wokuqala wabona eTashkent, ohambweni, futhi washaywa ngobuhle obukhulu be- "Resol Resol" yaphakade, wakhuphukela egumbini elikhethiwe kuvulandi.
I-Anastasia yalungisa efulethini lika-Effemov futhi yathengela ifenisha entsha, kepha u-Oleg akazange amshade futhi akazange anikeze izindima ezinkulu enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi. URoman noMroshnichenko nabo babekhona isikhathi eside.
Ngemuva kokupenda, "welula, abantu abahlelekile" abantu bebekhathele u-Oleg ku-savvina. Ku-Effemov yefilimu idlale umqondisi wesitshalo empeshenini, futhi u-savvina ungumfowabo ongahleliwe.
U-Alla Pokrovskaya, indodakazi yomsebenzi weshashalazi odumile uBoris Pokrovsky waba ngumngane wokugcina osemthethweni we-Effemov empilweni yakhe uqobo ngo-1962. Wazala indodana kaMikhail futhi wakhuthazelela ukuvukela kwakhe kwadumaza umyeni wakhe isikhathi eside - iminyaka eyi-12.
UMikhail Effemov isikhathi eside akakwazanga ukuphuma emthunzini kababa wakhe odumile, kepha manje ungumlingisi odumile futhi obonakalayo. Indodana yakhe uNikita, umzukulu ka-Oleg Efremova, wangena nasendleleni enameva yokusebenzela uMellengene.
I-Anastasia Effemova isebenza e-Union of Aleatrical Fornes ne-Alexander Kalyagin, ihlela imikhosi, ihlela umagazini "Passive Boulevard, 10". Washintsha izingane zakhe ngemuva kwesehlukaniso nomyeni wakhe.
USdodana Oleg washona ngo-2002. Indodakazi ka-Olga yathola iziqu eSchukinskaya School, ifakwe inkanyezi emibhalweni "ye-Freud indlela", "Demonian Demoni", "Kuthunyelwe". UJunior Vincent akanikezi abezindaba ukuthi bakhulume ngaye.
Ukushona
Ngokusho kombhali nemiboniso uLyudmila Petrushesheshskaya, wonke umuntu wayazi enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini u-Oleg Nikoleyevich wayegula ngokuqinile, kanti uKhukruk ngokwakhe akazange akhononde. Emsebenzini, ekhaya nasezitimeleni ze-Effemov zaxosha insiza esekela ukuphefumula. Indodakazi yathi akuyona inkambo eyodwa kaYise engazange aqede - yajikijela ngokushesha lapho ezwa impumuzo. Futhi esibhedlela, akazange anikeze ehlele kwabanye, asebenza njalo. Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwesiteshi se-ATV, umculi wafunda indaba kaCekisov "impilo yami".
Umqondisi wephrojekthi kamuva wabelana ngemizwa yakhe:
"I-Effemov, ngokuba yindawo eyinhloko futhi okuwukuphela kwesikhungo salo msebenzi, kuyathakazelisa ngendlela emangalisayo futhi kuyimfihlakalo ngokwayo. Akwenziwanga ngenkulumo yangaphandle, hhayi ukwenza okusebenzayo, hhayi "okuthathwe" iqhaza noma elibalwe ngobuhlakani. Unesifiso sokubukeka kwakhe okuvulekile, imiqondo ehlakaniphile, indlela ye-Effemovian yokukhuluma nokuphendula imicabango yakhe nemizwa yakhe. Kunzima ukubheka kwakhe. "U-Oleg Nikoleyevich akazange abe ngoMeyi 2000. Imbangela yokufa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu. ITestamente lokudala le-EfreeMOV lingukusebenza "kodadewethu abathathu", kodwa ekugcineni, wakwazi ukubeka "uSirano de Bergerac", okuyi-nicholas skirik elungiswe ekugcineni okunengqondo. Eminyakeni engu-18 eyalandela yeBrazda yeBhodi yeMHT egama layo ngokuthi uChekhov wabanjwa ezandleni zakhe u-Oleg Tabakov.
Umsunguli we "Wanamuhla" ungcwatshwe emathuneni eNovodevichy. Leli thuna lisendaweni ebizwa ngokuthi yi-mkhatovsky necropolis, eduze kuka-Anton Chekhov, ogama lakhe liholwa yishashalazi, kanye noKonstantin Stanislavsky, wamangala ubuciko bakhe.
Izics
- Ngo-1963 - "Phila futhi ufile"
- Ngo-1966 - "Qaphela imoto"
- Ngo-1967 - "Ama-Poplas amathathu ePlyukha"
- Ngo-1969 - "Umama ushade"
- Ngo-1969 - "Gori, Gori, Star Yami"
- 1970 - Icala "Icala Lokume Isikhathi Eside"
- 1972 - "Sawubona Nokuvalelisa"
- 1977 - "Rudin"
- Ngo-1979 - "Mnimy Sitikwa"
- 1982 - "Umhloli we-Gai"
- 1985 - "Ama-Battalions acela umlilo"
- 1988 - "Indiza Yezinkukhu"
- 1998 - "Ukubhalela Usuku Lokunqoba"