I-Biograge
I-Arkady Nathanovich Strugatsky - inganekwane kanye ne-classic ye-Soviet Fiction. Umbhali waziwa emhlabeni wonke. Imisebenzi yabafowethu abashaywayo yanyatheliswa emazweni angama-33 futhi yahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingama-42. Kunzima ukuklelisa wonke ama-premium we-Russian and aphesheya aphesheya, avezwe yi-Arkady Nathanovich nomfowabo empilweni. Amanoveli angaphezu kwayishumi nezibalo zeStregatsky zithathiwe, kwathi ngo-1977, kwavulwa umhloli we-astrophsysical we-Crimean ovule iplanethi entsha, eyanikezwa ngegama elithi Strugatskia.
U-Arkady Nathanovich Strugatsky wazalwa ngo-Agasti 1925 eBatbemi eshisayo, emkhayeni ohlakaniphile wesazi-mlando sobuciko uNalana Zalmanovich Strugatsky, futhi wasebenza u-Alexandra Ivanovna u-Russian kanye noMfundisi ohlonipheni.
Amakilasi okuqala e-Arkady Strugatsky avakashele eBatumi, kodwa lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, umndeni wathuthela eLeningrad. Lapho ngo-1933 kanti umfowethu omncane u-Arkady wazalwa - uBoris Strugatsky. Impilo engenamafu yomndeni wakwaStrugatsky iphazamise impi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. Umndeni wawuse-leningrad ye-blockade.
Ekuqaleni kweMpi, i-Arkady Strugatsky eneminyaka engu-17 yabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlaka ezivikelekile zedolobha elivinjezelwe, kodwa ngokushesha lasebenza efektri, lapho kwenziwa khona amagobolondo.
Ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kokuphuma, shiya i-blockade City wakwazi kuphela ekhanda lomndeni nendodana endala: U-Arkady wakhishwa nguYise endleleni yokuphila nge-LadAGA ekuqaleni kuka-1942. Ukuphuma kwe-boris eneminyaka engu-9 kwehlulekile ngenxa yokugula. Umama wahlala nendodana yakhe edolobheni.
Abazali abaningi u-Arcadia ababonanga: Ubaba wagula futhi washona eVelologda. Wasinda ngokuyisimangaliso u-Arkady uqobo. U-Echelon nababaleki, phakathi kwabo kwakuyi-Stratskyy yababambisi abasebancane, wabopha amaJalimane. Wasinda eyunithi, phakathi kwabo nomlobi wesikhathi esizayo.
Ehlobo lika-1942, i-Arkady Strugatsky yema edolobhaneni elincane laseTashla eduze nase-Orenburg. Ngonyaka ayesebenza lapho kuthengwa khona imikhiqizo ngisho naku- "Doros" ekhanda. Uthole imali endleleni, wakwazi ukuhola entwasahlobo yango-1943 ukuyolanda umama kanye nomfowethu omncane uBoris avela eLeningrad elambile.
Esikhathini sokuthula, i-Arkady Strugatsky yathola imfundo ephakeme. Ngo-18, wangena esikoleni seBerdichevsky Artillery School, wahlala emaphandleni akyubinsk. Ngemuva kokuphothula kwakhe, wathola isiqondiso enyuvesi yezempi, lapho aqeqeshwa khona ngezilimi zakwamanye amazwe. U-Arkady uthweswe iziqu eSikhungo ngo-1949, ethola umhumushi okhethekile wesiNgisi nesiJapan.
Ekupheleni kweNyuvesi, isiphetho saphonsa i-Arkady Strugatsky enyakatho. Kuze kube ngu-1955, wakhonza njengomhumushi eKamchatka, wafundisa isiJapane nesiNgisi esikoleni samasosha, esedolobheni laseKansk. Eminyakeni emibili ubudala - kusukela ngo-1952 kuya ku-1952 - wasebenza umhumushi wesigaba eKamchatka, kwathi ngo-1955, uStrugatsky wadluliselwa engxenyeni yezempi kaKhabarovsk. Ngemuva kokuxoshwa, i-Arkady Strugatsky yathuthela enhlokodolobha.
Ukubhala umsebenzi
U-Arkady owakhula emkhayeni lapho abazali bebazi futhi bethanda izincwadi nezincwadi, babehlala bembhalela umlobi. Izinhlekelele ezinolwazi kanye nokwesabeka kwempi, intaba ekulahlekelweni nguBaba yamqinisa inyukele futhi yaba ngumthwalo obaluleke kakhulu wokuhlangenwe nakho kokuphila, icela amakhasi ezincwadi.
I-biography yokudala ye-Arkady Strugatsky yaqala ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwabo eLeningrad. Lapho, wabhala indaba yakhe yokuqala ebizwa nge- "Nakhadka major Queen" nemisebenzi embalwa eyengeziwe, kodwa bonke balahleka. Umsebenzi wokuqala ogciniwe we-Arkady Strugatsky ubizwa ngokuthi le ndaba "Ukuthi Kang Kubulewe Kanjani" Ngo-1946 futhi kwanyatheliswa ngo-2001.
Ngemuva kokuphuma enyakatho eMoscow, i-Arkady Strugatsky yazinza emsebenzini wokuhlela eGoslitisdate. Isikhathi esithile wasebenza eDetgiz. Esikhathini saseSoviet, kwavela izincwadi zokuqala zombhali ngo-1956. UDebut uba yindaba ebhalwe ngu-Arkady Nathanovich ngesikhathi sezempi. Ibizwa nge- "Ash Bikini". Njengoba i-Arkady Strugatsky ngokwakhe ikholwa, lo msebenzi awuzange ucabange ngenani nenani lezincwadi.
Ngo-1964, i-Arkady Nathanovich Strugatsky yamukela ababhali be-USSR.
I-Arkady Strugatsky yaduma futhi njengomhumushi. Umlobi wavula abafundi baseJapan kwabafundi baseSoviet, ngoba ngenxa yezinguqulo zakhe, bafunda imisebenzi yama-Japanese Classics Ryutagawa, u-Abe COBO, no-Natsuma Soseks kanye nomaHoshi.
Abafowethu baphazamisa ngaphansi kwama-pseudonyms of S. Berezhekov, S. Vititin no-S. Pobedin sindawonye sihunyushwe kusuka olimini lwesiNgisi lwaseMelika Farts Aizek Azimov, no-Andre Norton noJohr Wyndem.
Izincwadi zaseJapan ezihlanzayo ziphikisa ukuthi i-Arkady Strugatsky yenza umnikelo omkhulu wokujwayela abafundi baseSoviet ngesiko kanye nomlando wenoveli yezwe elidala "le-Oshitsune". Le ndaba engokomlando nengokomlando neyokuhluma ngeColonel yekhulu le-XII kusuka eClan Minamoto.
Imisebenzi yakhe eyinhloko futhi edumile yomhlaba ka-Arkady Strugatsky yabhala ngokubambisana nomfowethu omncane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abafowethu abahlali bahlala eduze, lapho bebhala indaba namanoveli. Ngisho nemihlangano yabo yayingejwayelekile: izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngonyaka. UBoris waphila futhi wasebenza eLeningrad, e-Arkady - eMoscow. Abafowethu bahlangana eKomarovo - indlu yobungcweti eFinland Bay. Lapho bafika nabo baxoxa ngesakhiwo sendalo elandelayo, babhala i-turn yakhe bahamba bezungeza ekhaya, lapho besebenza khona.
Inganekwane yomhlaba
Ngo-1952, eKamchatka Arkaty Stratsky wabhala indaba yenganekwane yesayensi "UMbuso Wesine (osusweni lwangokunokwenzeka)." Lo msebenzi wabona ukukhanya kwekhulu leminyaka: ngo-2001, umshicileli weStalker wanyathelisa indaba njengengxenye yokwakheka okuphelele okuqoqwe kweStratsky. Ngokusho komfowabo ka-Arkady, uBoris Strugatsky, "ukushicilelwa kwalo mbhalo kuyathakazelisa ngokomlando: Ngakho-ke ngalezo zinsuku babeqonda, bacabanga futhi babhala izinganekwane."
Selokhu kwaphela ama-50s, ama-boris kanye ne-Arkady Strugatsky abhale ngendaba namanoveli ezinhlotsheni ezinhle kakhulu ze-Utopia ne-anti-astope, eyayifaka ekusekelweni kwegolide kwezincwadi zezwe. Indalo yokuqala ehlanganayo iba yinoveli "Zezvn", eshicilelwe ngo-1958. Ngo-1959 kwaba nendaba edumile "izwe laseBaghrov Tuch".
Kepha imibhalo eyinhloko ngamanoveli nangendaba ethi "Kunzima Kube KuNkulunkulu", "Bhulongo E-Anthill", "Abaqeqeshi" noMgqibelo "- Abafowethu bakwaStrugatsky babhala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngo-1968, kwakhululwa indaba yesifo se-Strugatsky "Tryak Stroika", lapho ukuxhumana kwalandelwa ngendaba "ngoMsombuluko kuqala ngoMgqibelo."
Emaphakathi nama-60s, i-Arkady Strugatsky ngokubambisana nomfowabo yashicilelwa ekuqoqweni kwezinganekwane "I-Ellinsky Imfihlo" ingxenye yenoveli eqanjiwe yesayensi "umnsalo emthambekeni". Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, abafundi baseSoviet babona enye ingxenye yendaba ebhukwini iBaikal. Nge "Sneilic emthambekeni" kushicilelwe ngo-1972 endlini yokushicilela yaseNtshonalanga yeJalimane "Ukuhlwanyela". Abafowenu Strugatsky bayibiza le ndaba ngomsebenzi wabo ophelele futhi obalulekile.
Kuma-70s, i-Arkady Nathanovich Strugatsky ikhethe ilungu leBhodi Yezindawo Yezincwadi Zokubhala, njengamagazini athandwayo "Umhlaba we-adventures" kanye ne-anthology yomtapo wezincwadi wesimanjemanje - amandla.
Kusukela ngo-1972, i-Arkady Strugatsky ikhiphe iminyaka eminingana nezindaba ezisayina i-pseudonym Yaroslavtsev. " Le "yimininingwane yeNikita Vorontsov" kanye "noDeveli phakathi kwabantu."
Ngo-1974, inganekwane yendaba ka-Arkady Strugatsky "uhambo oluya esihogweni" yashicilelwa. Igama laso lokuqala lizwakala njenge- "Chase emkhathini." Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Arkady Strugatsky iphinde yasayinwa i-pseudonym ye-Creative Pseudonym S. Yaroslavtsev. Endabeni ehunyushelwe ezilimini zaseCzech naseBulgaria, kusetshenziswa izinto ezihlekisayo.
Esikhathini esizayo ngo-1971 kuya ku-1982, abafowethu abaqanjiwe besayensi babhala le noveli ethi "Chrome Fate", abafundi ababonayo ephephabhukwini "NEVA" ngo-1986. Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokushicilelwa, ngo-1985, u-Arkady Strugatsky wakhethwa ngumagazini wokuhlela in-the-service "Ural Passion". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le ncwadi iyi-Ruger eyinhloko, ephrintiwe kuyo imisebenzi ye-Soviet neyezinye izizwe.
Ngasekupheleni kwama-80s "Neva" okufanayo kwaba nenoveli entsha yababhali ethi "Grad Propy", okubizwa ngokuthi enye yezindatshana zefilosofi zesiStrugatsky. Leli gama lalibolekwe emdwebeni womculi uNikolai Roerich, lishaya i-Arkady noBoris "ngobuhle bakhe obumnyama nomuzwa wokuphelelwa yithemba, okuvela kuye." Isihloko esisebenzayo senoveli - "I-Apocalypse New". Igama lesibili labuye labhekwa - "umfowethu mina nomfowethu", elibonisa i-autobi yoqobo lomsebenzi.
Abafowethu babhala inoveli iminyaka emibili, bayiqeda ngoMeyi 1972. Kepha abafundi babona "kunesimo" ezikhathini ze-perestroika kuphela. Izahluko zokuqala zashicilela umagazini i- "Raduga", khona-ke inoveli yathunyelwa kumakhasi ayo "Neva".
Abazalwane baseStrugatsky bayaziwa nezindaba zabo. Ngo-1960, okubizwa ngokuthi "ukufana okuyisithupha" Iqoqo lezindaba eliphenduke umlingisi lishicilelwe. Ezinye izindaba ezibucayi zaphuma ngemuva kokushona kwazo. Isibonelo, indaba ehlekisayo ethi "Indzawo Enhlekile", enikezelwe ekugxekeni kwenganekwane maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, enyatheliswa ngo-2005 ochungechungeni lwencwadi ethi "Ukungaziwa kweStratsky" ngemuva kokushona kwe-Arkady Strugatsky.
I-Arkady Strugatsky eqoqwe impilo yakhe yokudala imiklomelo eminingi namaphrimiyamu, phakathi kwawo iRussia kanye neyamanye amazwe. Ngemibhalo yakhe, iFantracting yanikezwa umklomelo kaJul, umklomelo we-Aelita kanye nendandatho enkulu.
-Vikayo
Ingxenye yamanoveli adalwe yisayensi yesayensi avikelekile. Izibukeli zokuqala zabona le ndaba ethi "Ihhotela" kusuka ekuhlanganeni kwezintaba oshonile ", libhalwe ngohlobo lomphenyi emnandi ngo-1970. Emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi, le ndaba yafika ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Puzzle Inspector Glebski". Ususe isithombe somqondisi weRussia uGrigory Kromoman. Itheyiphu yomseshi yesitudiyo sefilimu esithi "Tallinfilm" yaqhubeka ngezikrini ngo-1979. Ikhuluma ngezehlakalo ezimangalisayo ezenzeka ekusikeni emhlabeni wonke ezintabeni ze-avalanche. Lesi sithombe sasuswa ku-Estonia futhi siphindwe kabili ngesiRussia.
Impilo esikrinini se-movie etholwe kanye nomsebenzi we- "picnic ohlangothini lomgwaqo", okuyi-boris kanye ne-Arkady Strugatsky ebhale ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-70. Le filimu yabizwa ngokuthi "uStalker" futhi yaqhubeka ngezikrini ngo-1979. Iskripthi sambhalwa ngaye sabhalwa abazalwane bahlasela umqondisi u-Andrei Tarkovsky.
Ngo-1982, ababukeli baseSoviet babona ifilimu entsha yoNyaka Omusha "WAYWI", eyaba yinkolo. Akuzona zonke izithameli, ezenza lesi sithombe ezisohlwini lwamafilimu azithandayo, azi ukuthi kusekelwe emsebenzini wesayensi izinganekwane eziqanjiwe "uMsombuluko uqala ngoMgqibelo." Kuliqiniso, ngakho-ke kwaguqulwa kangangokuba ababhali baze bacelwa basusa amagama abo ezihlokweni. Umlando wothando nomnandi wothando u-Alena Sanina no-Ivan Pukhov, owahlukanisa ubuthakathi boMqondisi we-Institute of Nuhin Kira Shemkhanskaya, usho isithombe.
Ezindimeni eziyinhloko nezesibili, u-Alexander Abdulov, u-Alexander Yakovleva, uValentin Gaft, i-Ekatentin Vasilyeva, uValery Zoolotuncin noMikhail Svetin, abekwe yizigidi zezinkanyezi ze-cinema yaseRussia.
Ifilimu "Izinsuku Tesika" ngu-Alexander Sokirov, eza ezikrinini ngo-1988, kanye "Wizards", ezisuselwa emisebenzini yokuSportsky. Ngasikhathi sinye, isithombe kunzima ukubiza ngokuvikela. I-Playwright Yuri Arabov yabhala isimo esisekelwe endabeni "iminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi kuze kube sekupheleni komhlaba", okubhalwe ngu-Arkady Strugatsky ngokubambisana nomfowabo ngokushintsha imininingwane yomsebenzi. Kepha isayensi ayizange iveze ukuhunyushwa kwendaba yaze yahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kombhalo.
Indaba edumile yase-Arcadia naseBoris Strugatsky "Kunzima ukuba nguNkulunkulu" wavikelwa kabili. Ngo-1989, umqondisi waseJalimane uPeter Flairman, kwathi ngo-2013, uMqondisi waseRussia u-Alethei Hermann. Lesi yiteyiphu yokugcina kaHerman: Kukhishwa kwizikrini, njenge-Arkady Strugatsky, ayizange ilindile. Kule drama emnandi, uLeonid Yarmolnik, uYuri Zurilo noJevgeny Gerchakov.
Ngo-1990, umqondisi we-Arkady Sirenko wethule umdwebo "Isilingo B.". Le filimu iyaphawuleka ukuthi iskripthi salo sabhalwa ngabafowethu abajwayelekile uqobo, nenoveli yabo "izinkezo ezinhlanu ze-Elixir" zathathwa njengesisekelo.
Ifilimu elithi "ama-swans amabi" aqondiswe kubabukeli beKonstantin Lopushansky babona ngo-2006. Lokhu kushelwa kwegama legama elilodwa. Lesi sithombe saboniswa ngohlaka loHlelo Lokuncintisana "Kinotavr", wathola ukubuyekezwa okufudumele kwabagxeki, kepha akazange aphume ngokuqasha okubanzi.
I-Arkady Strugatsky ayizange iphile ngaphambi kokuzivumelanisa nemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu - inoveli ethi "Isiqhingi Esihlaliwe". Ukuhlolwa kwesilimo - I-Tape-Anti-Spectopia - kwavela ngo-2009, ngemuva kokushona kwe-Arkady Nathanovich. Isihlungi se-bundarchuk esengozini. Ifilimu yaphuma ezingxenyeni ezimbili, ngafaka inkanyezi i-vasily stanov, uPeter Fedorov noJulia Snigir.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umfazi wokuqala womlobi kwakungu-Inna Shershova. Bahlangana lapho u-Arkady Nathanovich ekhonza eKank. Kepha lo mshado waphenduka waba buthaka: maphakathi nawo-50s, lo mbhangqwana wahlukana. Izingane ezihlangene e-Inna nase-Arkady azange.
Okwesibili i-Arkady Strugatsky yashada ngo-1955 ku-Elena Voznesenskaya (ku-Majannnaya Majan). Wayesenendodakazi emshadweni wokuqala - uNatalia. U-Arkady Nathanovich waphakamisa le ntombazane njengomdabu.
Emshadweni wesibili, kwazalwa indodakazi kaMasha. UMaria Strugatsky washada nenqubomgomo yeGogor Gaidar, umzukulu womlobi u-Arkady Petrovich Gaikar.
Ukushona
I-Arkady Strugatsky yathola ngokuxilongwa ngokufa - umdlavuza wesibindi - kuma-70s. Umlobi walwa isikhathi eside futhi ngesibindi nalesi sifo, kodwa wayinqoba eminyakeni engama-67 yokuphila.
Inganekwane edumile yafa ngo-Okthoba 12, 1991 eMoscow. Umfowethu wasinda kuye emashumini amabili eminyaka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imbangela yokufa kukaBoris ibinomdlavuza.
Isidumbu se-Arkady Strugatsky, njengoba sayala, sashiswa saxosha enophephela emhlane ngaphezulu kweMoscow. Futhi weza nomlotha womfowethu. Abalobi bakhombisa indawo ngqo lapho izinsalela zazenziwa khona: Pulkovo Observatory.
I-Bibliography
- 1960 - "Indlela eya e-AmaLeltea"
- Ngo-1962 - "Non, Century XXII"
- Ngo-1964 - "Kunzima ukuba nguNkulunkulu"
- Ngo-1965 - "UMsombuluko uqala ngoMgqibelo"
- Ngo-1966 - "Snakekela emthambekeni"
- Ngo-1967 - "Ama-Wavy Swans"
- Ngo-1968 - "I-Truck Tale"
- Ngo-1969 - "Isiqhingi Esihlaliwe"
- Ngo-1970 - "Ihhotela" elivela emkhakheni oshonile ""
- 1972 - "I-Picnic eceleni komgwaqo"
- Ngo-1972 - "Kunesimo"
- Ngo-1974 - "Guy kusuka ngaphansi komhlaba"
- 1988 - "okubi, noma iminyaka engamashumi amane kamuva"
Izics
- 1979 - "Ihhotela" emndenini oshonile "
- 1979 - "STALKER"
- 1982 - "Wizard"
- 1988 - "Izinsuku Esifezile"
- Ngo-1989 - "Kunzima ukuba nguNkulunkulu"
- 1990 - "Isilingo B."
- 2006 - "Ama-Swans NASTY"
- 2009 - "Isiqhingi Esihlaliwe"
- 2013 - "Kunzima KuNkulunkulu"