I-Biograge
Amanyuvesi, imigwaqo ngisho namadolobha aqanjwe ngokuthi uMaurice Torez e-USSR. "I-French Stalinist" inikeze imisebenzi yezepolitiki iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, yalwela ukwenza ngcono ubudlelwano namazwe aphesheya futhi yanikela kakhulu ekwakhiweni kobungani phakathi kweFrance neSoviet Union.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umholi wesikhathi esizayo wamaKhomanisi aseFrance wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 28, 1900 edolobheni laseNuayel-godO. Ubaba wasebenza nguShakhtar, ngakho umndeni wahlala kabi. UMauris omncane kwadingeka asebenze ibha ukuze athole ucezu lwesinkwa. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha isinqumo somsebenzi, le nsizwa yanquma ukungena ezinyathelweni zikayise futhi yaba shakhtar.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ubungxowankulu bathuthukiswa ngenkuthalo eFrance. Intsha yokusebenza ayigculisekile ngempilo, amandla kanye nezimo zokusebenza, okuholele ekuqubukeni kwamaqembu. UMaurice akafani futhi entwasahlobo ka-1919 wajoyina iqembu lezenhlalo. Ngemuva konyaka, iqembu lamaKhomanisi lenziwa (kamuva i-CC FCP). I-traze encane yajoyina ngaso leso sikhathi futhi ngesikhashana esifushane ikwazile ukuba yisibalo esibalulekile ephathini. Ngenxa yenzondo yeziphathimandla kumaKhomanisi, uMaurice useveze kaningi ukuboshwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, wenza olunye ukhetho olubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakhe - wema ohlangothini lwama-stalinists.
Umsebenzi nezepolitiki
Ngokushesha uMaurice wathatha indawo kanobhala Jikelele weqembu lamaKhomanisi eFrance. Ngawo-1930s, amaqembu amaFascist afuna ukuthwebula amandla akhuliswe ezweni. UTorez wakhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwamabutho akhethekile ukubhekana nabamangali.Ngo-1936, isibalo sezepolitiki sasisekela ngaphambili, kamuva okwawuphumelelayo okhethweni ePhalamende. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ububele eFrance bavinjelwe, kwaqala igagasi lokuboshwa ezweni. Iziphathimandla zancishwa isivumelwano sokuba yisakhamuzi futhi sathunyelwa ngaphambili, kodwa kwakungekho lapho - babalekela e-USSR.
Ngenkathi usopolitiki eseSoviet Union, wasolwa ngokuduka ezweni lakubo wagwetshelwa ukufa. Eminyakeni yempi, uFerez wayehlala e-Ufa, lapho imisebenzi yezepolitiki iqhubeka khona. Umgomo wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukudala ukunyakaza kokumelana nokuphikisana nabasizi.
Ngo-1944, uCharles de Gaulle waba yinhloko yeFrance, okuyi-post entsha ekhiphe isinqumo sokuxolelwa kweToron. Izwe laseMelika labuyela ezweni lakubo, futhi umsebenzi wakhe wezepolitiki washeshe wakhuphuka.
Kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1946, uMaurice wayeyisikhonzi, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo wakhonza njengeSekela likaNdunankulu kuhulumeni. Isikhundla samaKhomanisi ezweni lezempi yangemva kwempi laliholele. Konke lokhu bekungayithandi i-United States of America, ebeka umgomo wokuqeda iphathi yamaKhomanisi futhi yancibilikisa ukwelashwa kwethonya. I-United States yakwazi ukubona izinhloso zayo, kwathi ngo-1947 amaKhomanisi avela kuhulumeni waseFrance.
Ngo-1950, uMaurice Toron waqala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, kodwa osopolitiki waqhubeka nokuhlala njengenkosi kanobhala jikelele we-FCP. Kusuka emandleni okugcina, wazama ukuhlanganisa amaKhomanisi kanye neSocialists, walwa ne-anti-soviet incoutoisie. Impilo yaqhubeka nokuwohloka, futhi ubuholi bangempela beqembu bushintshe kancane kancane kuJacques Duclo.
UNikita Khrushchev waphenduka uJoseph, owayefuna ukubona umongameli waseFrance. Kuphela ngalo mphumela wezehlakalo ezakwakhiwa ngobudlelwano obunobungane obunobungane phakathi kwamazwe.
Iposi likanobhala Jikelele we-FCP lasala i-torez kuphela ngokuqondile, kwathi ngo-1964 kwamelwa ngo-1964. Kwezepolitiki, badala iposi elikhethekile likaSihlalo weqembu, ahlala kulo kuze kube sekufeni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1929, umlingani wesikhathi esizayo wenqubomgomo yaseFrance uJeanettt vermers kuMuntu wamaKhomanisi avakashele i-USSR. Kulolu hambo, waqala ukuzwa igama likaMaurice Torez. Le noveli yaqala ngo-1932, kepha yabhalisa ngokusemthethweni umshado othandweni ngo-1947 kuphela.
Njengomyeni, uJannette waba nesikhundla somphakathi esisebenzayo futhi wabandakanyeka kwezepolitiki. Lokhu akuzange kumvimbele ukuba abelethe izingane ezimbili, lapho afika naye eMauris e-USSR, lapho ephuthelwa yisakhamuzi saseFrance. Indodana yesithathu yabalingani bethu yazalelwa komunye wemitholampilo yaseMoscow eduzane. Ngo-1944, ihlathi lehlathi labuyela eFrance, lapho eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, abashadikazi ekugcineni bashada. Bahlala ndawonye iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, kuze kube sekufeni kukaMaurice.
Ukushona
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo kaMaurice Torez yaphathwa e-USSR ngemuva kokudluliswa kwezinkanyezi ngo-1950. Ngo-1964, umFulentshi wadinga usizo lwabadokotela baseSoviet, futhi bagibela umkhumbi ngokuthi "Lithuania" wasuka e-Lalta. Lapho umkhumbi ubusendaweni yokupaka ethekwini lase-Istanbul, uMaurice wazizwa emuzwa. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha behlulekile ukumsindisa, kwathi ngoJulayi 11, 1964, oPolitiki bafa. Imbangela ngqo yokufa kukaMaurice Torez akwaziwa.Isidumbu se- "French Stalinist" sawela eBulgaria, sabe sesihanjiswa eFrance. Ithuna likaMoris Torez lisendaweni engcwele yamaKhomanisi - emathuneni e-lachez ngayinye, eduze kwalapho udonga lwe-commor lwalo lukhona.
Amacaphuna
- "Umlando ukhombisa ukuthi inqubekelaphambili ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle komzabalazo."
- "Akunakwenzeka ukuphatha umbuso ngaphandle kwabantu nangokwentando yabantu."
Ukukhumbula
- Inyuvesi yaseMoscow State Lulistic iqanjwe ngemuva kokuthi uMaurice ayathutha
- I-Soligorsk State Mining kanye neKholeji yamakhemikhali ebizwa nge-Moris Torona
- I-Tanker "Maurice torez"
- I-Torez Avenue eSt. Petersburg
- I-Sofia Embankment eMoscow kuze kube ngu-1994 yaqanjwa ngokuthi nguMaurice Toren
- Ibhishi neSanatorium ebizwa nge-Maurice TarA e-Sochi
- Imigwaqo Mauris tooreza e-Evpatoria, eNalchik, Nizhny Novgorod, Novokutsk, Samara, Tyume, Tyumen, Yalta, Lisichansk kanye namanye amadolobha
- EKinkoEopope "Amasosha Enkululeko" Indima yeMaurice Toren yadlala uBoris Belov
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1935 - "IFrance yanamuhla kanye nabantu be-Folk ngaphambili"
- Ngo-1937 - "Ndodana Yabantu"
- 1945 - "" Ipolitiki yaseFrance Majesti "
- 1956 - "Idatha entsha ekusizeni kweFrance"