I-Biograge
U-Aristotle ungumcabangi wasendulo wamaGrikhi, umfundi kaPlato, ngemuva kwesikhathi asijoyinile ephikisaneni, umsunguli wesikole sasePerexandetic, umeluleki u-Alexander Makedonsky. Igalelo lakhe kwisayensi libalulekile. Kwaba ngaphezulu kwemikhulu emi-2, ososayensi befilosofi bathokozela izinhlelo zokusebenza zemibono ezenziwe yizo, imibono yayo yabeka isisekelo sesayensi yemvelo. Ifa lika-Aristotle lifaka phakathi kwezincwadi ezingaba ngu-50 eziye zehlele kithi ngenxa yemizamo yabafundi bakhe nabalandeli bakhe.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Aristotle wazalelwa edolobheni laseStagir, elitholakala ekoloni lamaGrikhi laseFrakia. Ngenxa yamagama edolobha lendabuko, ngemuva kwalokho u-Aristotle wayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi yiStagSky. Waqhamuka ebukhosini babelaphi. Ubaba wakhe uNikoma wayengudokotela wenkantolo weNkosi yaseMakedoniya i-Aminte IINE. Umama kaFestideo wayenemvelaphi enhle.
Kusukela emndenini, umuthi wawudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, akekho noyedwa owayezokwenza udokotela avela endodaneni yakhe. Ngakho-ke, entabeni, wafundisa umfana izisekelo zezokwelapha, kanye nefilosofi, amaGrikhi athathwa njengesayensi eyisibopho yeShekar ngayinye. Kepha amacebo kababa ayengamiselwe ukugcwaliseka. U-Aristotle waqala oyintandane futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe eqonda.
Ekuqaleni, le nsizwa eneminyaka engu-15, yaya eMaly Asia yaya e-Guardian of the proxy, kwathi ngo-367 BC. Ns. bahlala e-Athene, lapho baba umfundi kaPlato. U-Aristotle wafunda hhayi kuphela kwezombusazwe kanye nokugeleza kwefilosofi, kodwa futhi nomhlaba wezilwane nezitshalo. Sekukonke, wahlala ePlato Academy iminyaka engaba ngu-20.
Kwakheka njengomcabangi, u-Aristotle wenqabile ukufundiswa komeluleki ngemibono yezinhlangano ezihlaselwe yizo zonke izinto. Izazisomoshezi ezisencane zibeka ezakhe imfundiso yakhe - ukubheka ukwakheka nokwahlukaniswa kanye nomphefumlo ongahlukanisiwe emzimbeni. Imidwebo yabacabangi ababili, ingxabano ehamba phambili, i-master of the Renaissance - URafael Santi kwi-Madrid "Athene School".
Ku-345 BC Amaqabunga e-aristotle esiqhingini saseLesbos, edolobheni laseMitilen, ngenxa yokwenziwa komngane wakhe uHermia, futhi owayengumfundi kaPlato, owaqala impi namaPheresiya.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, u-Aristotle uya eMakedoniya, lapho iNkosi uPhilip yammema ukuba aphakamise indlalifa - u-Alexander oneminyaka engu-13. Isikhathi se-biography yomcabangi, anikezele ekuqeqesheni umkhuzi odumile wesikhathi esizayo, wahlala cishe iminyaka eyi-8. Lapho ebuyela e-Athene, u-Aristotle wasungula isikole sakhe sefilosofi "iLinkKey", eyaziwa nangokuthi isikole se-peripatetic.
Imfundiso yefilosofi
U-Aristotle uhlukanise isayensi kuma-theoretical, asebenzayo futhi anobuciko. Ubhekise kwi-physics, izibalo kanye ne-metaphysics. Lezi zisayensi, ngokusho kwefilosofi, zifundwa ngenxa yolwazi uqobo. Kulesibili - Kwezepolitiki kanye Nezimiso Zokuziphatha, ngoba ngenxa yazo impilo yombuso iyakhiwa. Kuwokugcina, waveza zonke izinhlobo zobuciko, izinkondlo kanye ne-rhetoric.
Induku ephakathi kwezimfundiso zika-Aristotle ibhekwa njengeyi-4 eyinhloko evela: Indaba ("ukuthi" yini "kusuka kulokho"), ifomu ("lokho, ukusuka lapho"). Ngokuya ngalaba bavela, banquma izenzo nezifundo ezinhle noma ze-atrocity.
Umcabangi waba umsunguli wohlelo lwe-Hierarchical of Clound. Babelwe 10: I-Essence, ubungako, ikhwalithi, isimo sengqondo, indawo, isikhathi, ukubambeka, isikhundla nokuhlupheka. Zonke izinto zisatshalaliswa emfundweni ye-Inorganic, umhlaba wezitshalo nezidalwa eziphilayo, umhlaba wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane nendoda.
Ukusuka emibonweni ka-Aristotle waqala ukuthuthukisa imiqondo eyisisekelo yesikhala nesikhathi njengezinhlangano ezizimele futhi njengohlelo lobudlelwano obusungulwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo lapho uxhumana.
Ngamakhulu amaningi alandelayo, izinhlobo zamadivayisi wombuso ahambelana, echaze u-Aristotle. Isithombe sesimo esifanele, isazi sefilosofi esivezwe ekwakhiweni kwezepolitiki ". Ngokusho komqondo kaMfundisi, umuntu wenziwa emphakathini, njengoba ahlala hhayi yena kuphela.
Nabanye abantu, igazi, abanobungane nezinye izibopho zimbopha. Inhloso yomphakathi akuyona ukuchuma okukhulu ngokwezomnotho kanye nengxenye yabantu, ukuthi zingaki inzuzo yendawo yonke, "eudemonism". Kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokusakazwa kokuphila okwenziwe ngumthetho womphakathi kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha.
Iqokomise izinguqulo ezi-3 ezinhle nezi-3 zeBhodi. Kwesokudla, ekhathaza umgomo wokuhle okujwayelekile, waveza ubukhosi, ama-aristocracy nezepolitiki. Kwangalungile, ubeka izinhloso ezizimele zombusi, othi ubushiqela obuzwakalayo, u-Oligarchy nentando yeningi.
Ukuqanjwa kwefilosofi yathinta futhi kwafika amabala e-ART. Umcabangi wachaza umbono wakhe ngokwentuthuko yohlobo lwenzalo yedrama ekwakhiweni kwe- "Poetics". Yingxenye yokuqala yalomsebenzi efinyelelwe kulolu suku, okwesibili, mhlawumbe, kuqukethe imininingwane mayelana nokwakheka kwamahlaya asendulo ama-Greek. Ukucabanga ngenkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi kanye nobuciko bonke, u-Aristotle ubeka phambili umqondo wokuba khona kwento yokulingisa, okuwubumnandi bomuntu futhi umnika injabulo.
Esinye isibonelo esiyisisekelo sefilosofi sibizwa ngokuthi "Mayelana Nomphefumlo". Emcimbini, u-Aristotle wembula izingqinamba eziningi ze-mittysical ezihlobene nempilo yomphefumlo wanoma yisiphi isidalwa sanoma yisiphi isidalwa, enquma umehluko ebukhoneni bukamuntu, izilwane nezitshalo. Futhi lapha, isazi sefilosofi sichaza izinzwa ezi-5 (ezithambekele, zinuka, amahemuhemu, ukunambitheka nombono) namakhono ama-3 womphefumlo (ekukhuleni, umuzwa nokuboniswa).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Aristotle wakwazi ukutadisha nokucabanga ngawo wonke amasayensi atholakala ngesikhathi sakhe. Ushiye imisebenzi ku-Logic, i-physics, isayensi yezinkanyezi, i-biolology, ifilosofi, izimiso zokuziphatha, izilimi, ezepolitiki, izinkondlo kanye ne-rhetoric. Ukuqoqwa kwemisebenzi yefilosofi enkulu kubizwa ngokuthi "Aristotelian Corps".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uhlobo lososayensi lungahlulelwa ngezinkumbulo ezithile zabantu ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe. Ngokusho kwabalandeli abathembekile basePlato, u-Aristotle akazange agodle imizwa lapho icala liphathelene nezingxabano zefilosofi. Ngolunye usuku, umcabangi waxabana nangomqondo kanzima kangangokuba uPlato waqala ukugwema umhlangano wamathuba nomfundi.
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu yezizukulwane zomcabangi zahlala zinqabile imininingwane. Kuyaziwa ukuthi u-Aristotle wayenabafazi ababili nezingane ezimbili. Ku-347 BC E., Eminyakeni engu-37 ubudala, u-Aristotle washada noPythiad, indodakazi yamukelwa kaHermia, uTirana Assos e-Troade. U-Aristotle noPofiada babenendodakazi eyodwa kaPythiad. Emva kokufa koshade bokuqala, isazi sefilosifilosofi saqala ukuhlangana nenceku yakwaHerpellda, eyamnika indlalifa - umfana waseNikamakh.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Alexander Makedonsky, uBunta ngokubuswa kwaseMakedoniya ukwanda e-Athene, kwathi, kwathi, njengomfundisi wangaphambili u-Alexander, osolwa ngokungenabuthakathaka. Isazi sefilosofi sishiya i-Athene, njengoba kuthatha amathuba okuphindaphinda isiphetho seSocrates - ubuthi bokungena ubuthi. Isisho esithi "Ngifuna Ukusindisa Abase-Athene Ebugebengwini Esisha Ukulwa Nefilosofi" yaba yisilinganiso esidumile.
Umcabangi uqhubekela edolobheni laseHalkis kwi-Evie Island. Ukukhombisa i-aristotle ekusekelweni kwakhe, kulandelwa inani elikhulu labafundi bakhe. Kepha isazi sefilosofi asiphili isikhathi eside. Ezinyangeni ezi-2 ngemuva kokuhlala kabusha, ufela eminyakeni engama-62 yokuphila kusuka esifweni esikhulu sesisu, esanda kwamhlupha.
Ngemuva kokushona kukameluleki, i-licwork yakhe "yaholwa ngumfundi wabafundi abazinikele, abathuthukisile izimfundiso zika-Aristotle ngeBotanic, umculo, umlando wefilosofi. Wanakekela ukulondolozwa kwemisebenzi yomqaphi.
Imisebenzi yefilosofi
- "Izigaba"
- "I-physics"
- "Mayelana Nezulu"
- "Ezingxenyeni Zezilwane"
- "Mayelana Nomphefumlo"
- "Metaphysics"
- "Nikomotohava Ethics"
- "Ipolitiki"
- "Izinkondlo"