I-Biograge
U-Ivan Andreevich Krylov wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 1769 eMoscow, emkhayeni wesikhulu samasosha abampofu. Ukubonisa ubuqhawe kanye nesibindi ngesikhathi sekhono ePugachev Bunt, u-Andrei Krylov akazange athole imiklomelo nezinkampani. Ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, wangena kwinkonzo kahulumeni futhi wathuthela nomkakhe namadodana amabili eTver. Isikhundla sikasihlalo wemantshi akazange alethe imali ebonakalayo, umndeni wawuphila ebuphofini. Amaphiko-aphezulu afa ngo-1778 esimweni sokaputeni. Impilo yabafelokazi nezingane (iNdodana ka-Ivan endala yagcwaliseka kuphela iminyaka engu-9 kuphela) yaba ngisho nabempofu.
U-Ivan Andreevich Krylov akazange abe nethuba lokuthola imfundo enhle. Kusukela kuyise, wamukela uthando olukhulu ngokufunda, lapho ngithole ifa kuphela esifubeni esikhulu nezincwadi. Entshonalanga ama-stacidicals avumela u-Ivan ukuba ahambele izifundo zolimi lwesiFulentshi, ezanikwa izingane zazo. Ngakho-ke, u-Ivan Krylov wayebekezeleleke isiFulentshi.
I-basherista yesikhathi esizayo yaqala ukusebenza ekuseni kakhulu futhi yayazi ubulukhuni bempilo ebuphofini. Ngemuva kokushona kukaYise Ivana, bathatha i-gonleryerist eMantshi yesiFundazwe saseTver, lapho amaphiko aphezulu asebenza khona ngaphambili. Okuqukethwe okulimazayo kuvunyelwe ukungafe nendlala. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5, uMama ka-Ivan Krylova, obamba izingane, waya eSt. Petersburg ukukhathaza ngempesheni kanye nelungiselelo lendodana endala ukuba isebenze. Ngakho-ke u-Ivan Krylov uthole isikhundla esisha ngokusetha inceku ejwayelekile egumbini elisemthethweni.
Amaphiko amasha, ngaphandle kokuba nemfundo yohlelo, ephikelela ekuzifukulela. Wafunda okuningi, wafunda ukudlala amathuluzi ahlukene. Lapho eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, u-Ivan wabhala ngisho ne-opera emincane yamahlaya, amaphephabhuku abhala ngawo futhi abiza "ikofi." Kwakungokokuqala kwakhe, yize kungaphumeleli kuye, kepha nokho shut ezincwadini. Ulimi lokubhala lwalucebile kakhulu, okuphoqelekile ukuthi amaphiko aphoqelekile ukuba aphoqelele uthando lwawo phakathi kwabantu abalula emifanekisweni kanye nobumnandi bobisi oluhlukile. "Ngiyabonga" ubumpofu, u-Ivan Andreevich wayejwayelene ngokuphelele nempilo namantongomane abantu abavamile, okuzayo ayekusiza kakhulu.
Ukudala
Ukuhambisa u-Ivan Andrevich Krylov kuSt. Petersburg kuhambisane nokuvela edolobheni laseshashalazini lomphakathi. Insizwa eyalula kwa-ART yavakashela ngokushesha insethi yeshashalazi yavulwa. Lapho, wahlangana nabaculi abathile kanti amakanye ahlala ezintshisakalweni zaleli thempeli lezobuciko. Bekufuna kakhulu umsebenzi wenkonzo entsha yengcebo, amaphiko ayengafuni, zonke izintshisekelo zakhe zaziqondiswa ngokuphelele kolunye uhlangothi. Ngakho-ke, insizwa eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala yashiya phansi yathatha imisebenzi yemibhalo.
Ekuqaleni wayengaphumeleli. U-Ivan Krylov wabhala usizi lweFilomela, ukulingiswa ama-Classics. Kwakukhona ama-glimpses athile wethalente nokugcwala kokuqala komlobi, kodwa ngokwemibhalo "Philomel" kwakungumsebenzi we-mediocre kakhulu. Kepha umbhali osemncane wayengeke ame.
Kwakukhona amahlaya amaningi ngale nhlekelele. "Umkhaya womndeni", "amaphampu", "embhalweni oseHoliya" kanti abanye nabo abazange bashaye abafundi nabagxeki ngokupha. Kepha ukukhula kwekhono uma kuqhathaniswa ne- "Phomelela" kwasabonakala.
Izinganekwane zokuqala zika-Ivan Andreevich Krylov zanyatheliswa ngaphandle kokusayina. Bavele kumagazini "ekuseni iwashi" ngo-1788. Imisebenzi emithathu, ebizwa ngokuthi "umdlali wehlazo", "isiphetho sabadlali", "okusanda kuhlelwa amahle" acishe kwabonwa ngabafundi futhi abakwazanga ukwamukelwa ngabagxeki. Babenokubhuqa okuningi, ukunganakwa, kepha hhayi ikhono.
Ngo-1789, u-Ivan Krylov, kanye noRachmin, uqala ukushicilela umagazini "Imeyili yemimoya". Ufuna ukuvuselela ama-satire aqinile athi omagazini baseVikov abake bakhombisa phambilini. Kepha ukushicilelwa akuphumelelanga futhi ngonyaka ofanayo kuyama indlela yayo yokuphuma. Kepha akuyeki uKrylov. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, kwakha omunye umagazini oneqembu labantu abanomqondo ofanayo, umbize "isibukeli". Ngemuva konyaka, iphephabhuku leSt. Petersburg mercury liyavela. Kulezi zinhlelo, ezinye izindatshana ze-Krylov zanyatheliswa, okugqamile kwendaba ethi "Kaib" kwalo umkhulu omkhulu kagogo "oza enkolweni", efaka umnikazi womhlaba, kunesibindi.
Akuziwa ukuthi bekuyimbangela yokuhamba okwesikhashana kuka-Ivan Krylov emisebenzini ebhaliwe, nokuthi kungani esuka eSt. Petersburg. Mhlawumbe, kwaqala ukucindezelwa kweziphathimandla, futhi mhlawumbe ukwehluleka kwemibhalo kudonswe umbhali ukuthi ashiye lo muzi, kodwa ngaphambi kuka-1806 amaphiko acishe ashiya i-writhe. Ngo-1806, amaphiko abuyela emisebenzini ebhaliwe ebhaliwe.
Ubhala izinguqulo ezinethalente zeLafantena Basen "oki nohlanga", "ethatha uMlobokazi" kanye "nendoda endala nentsha ezintathu." Ukuhunyushwa ngencomo yakwamanye amazwe u-Ivan Dmitmitrieva uprinta inhlokodolobha umagazini "iMoscow Splector". Ngo-1806, u-Ivan Krylov ubuyela eSt. Petersburg wabeka "isitolo semfashini" amahlaya. Ngonyaka olandelayo, enye futhi - "Amadodakazi Esifundo". Umphakathi, mayelana nezimpi zeNapoleonic, ezabhekana nokunyuka kwezinzwa zokuthanda izwe, kuhlangana nomkhiqizo ngentshiseko enkulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isiFulentshi sihlekwa usulu.
Ngo-1809, ukuhamba kwangempela kwe-Ivan Krylova kuqala. Uhlelo lokuqala lwe-bassen yakhe, equkethe imisebenzi engama-23 (kufaka phakathi "indlovu kanye ne-pug eyaziwayo"), ijabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu. Kusukela lapho, amaphiko abe yisisekelo esidumile, ongumsebenzi omusha obheke phambili emphakathini. U-Ivan Andreevich ubuyela emsebenzini kahulumeni. Ekuqaleni, ungena eposini elibonakalayo eMnyangweni we-Mint, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 - emtatsheni wezincwadi we-Imperial we-Imperial, lapho asebenza khona kusukela ngo-1812 kuya ku-1841.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphiko futhi aguqulwe ngaphakathi. Manje ukhathazekile futhi uyavinjwa. Akuthandi ukuxabana, ukuzola kakhulu, kuyingqayizivele futhi kuvilapha ngokwengeziwe. Kusukela ngo-1836, u-Ivan Krylov akabhalwanga lutho. Ngo-1838, umphakathi wezemibhalo ohlonishwayo uhlonipha iminyaka engama-50 yomsebenzi wokudala waseBaseinista. Umlobi washona ngoNovemba 1844.
Ukusuka ngaphansi kwempaphe ka-Ivan Andrevich Krylova, kwaphuma abantu abangaphezu kuka-200 baseBassen. Kwabanye, wakhala ngokoqobo lwaseRussia, kwabanye - iziphambeko zabantu, ezinye zimane nje zinezinkondlo. Izinkulumo eziningi ze-valve ezinde ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zangena enkulumweni yokukhuluma futhi zicebisile isiRussia. Izinganekwane zakhe zibantu kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ziyaqondakala. Zithambekele nhlobo, hhayi kuphela kubuhlakani obufundile kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kombhali, cishe amakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80 amaqembu ashicilelwe aseBasen ashicilelwe abuswa. Ngaleso sikhathi, into engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili. Ukuthandwa kuka-Ivan Andrevich Krylova kungaqhathaniswa nokuthandwa kwempilo yonke ye-pushkin ne-gogol.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nokusakazeka, budedengu kanye nokudla okumangalisayo kuka-Ivan Krylov wahamba ngezinganekwane futhi kwakukhona ama-anecdotes. KwakukuMoya wakhe impela ukubeka isikejana sasebusuku ephaketheni lakhe esikhundleni senduku, sikhiphe ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakhe emphakathini nakubalulekile. U-Ivan Andreevich akanandaba nokubukeka kwakhe ngokuphelele. Kubukeka sengathi umuntu onjalo akakwazanga ukunakekela amantombazane. Noma kunjalo, imininingwane yabantu besikhathi sakhe, esaphikisana nokuthi impilo yomuntu siqu ka-Ivan Krylov yagcinwa, yize yayingeyona udlame, kepha ngokuqinisekile yayingeyona.
Ngo-22, wayeyithanda indodakazi yompristi ovela eBryansk County Anna. Intombazane yamphendula. Kepha lapho abantu abasha benquma ukushada, amathuba omdabu aphikisana nalo mshado. Babesebudlelwaneni obukude neLermontov futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, bayavumelana. Ngakho-ke, benqaba ukushada nendodakazi ngomuntu ompofu. Kepha u-Ana wahamba kangangokuba abazali bagcina ngokuvuma ukushada no-Ivan Krylov, ababezongenelwa eSt. Petersburg. Kepha amaphiko aphendula ngokuthi wayengenamali yokuza eBryansk, wacela ukuba alethe u-Anna kuye. Amantombazane endabuko acasulwa impendulo, futhi umshado awuzange wenzeke.
Abaphila ngesikhathi sika-Ivan Krylova babhale ukuthi abesifazane abadumile bebenganandaba ne-basinow emnyama futhi enjenge-mat-efana. Kuthiwa wathandwa nguBallerina, okwakungukuqukethwe kweGrand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. Kepha amaBasenista aphuthelwe ukuthi ayifanele umshado. Basho ukuthi i-Empress Maria Fedorovna ngokwayo yayizwelana kakhulu nendoda ethandekayo. Futhi lokhu yize iqiniso lokuthi u-Ivan Andreevich owayenesibindi sokuvela phambi kwakhe ebhuthini laseHoley, ayelifaka umunwe wakhe, futhi aze athume lapho sengiqabula ingalo ye-Empress.
U-Ivan Krylov akakaze ashade. Ngokusemthethweni, akanazo izingane. Kepha abantu besikhathi sabahlali basemasimini bathi u-Ivan Andreevich wasakhiwa unkosikazi wezempi. Kwakuyizimpaphe zakhe zomgcini wendlu. Kwakungeke kushade namaphiko alo, njengoba umphakathi ungakulahla. Noma kunjalo, i-Fenia yabeletha intombazane uSasha, ethathwa njengendodakazi eyayingemthetho kaKrylov. Iqiniso lokuthi lokhu kungenzeka kube yiqiniso, kusho iqiniso lokuthi ngemuva kokufa kukaFeniya Sasha kwaqhubeka nokuhlala eKrylov. Futhi ngemuva komshado wakhe, amaphiko ancelisa izingane zakhe futhi abhale kabusha yonke impahla yakhe ebhekiswe kumyeni wakhe u-Alexandra. Ngesikhathi sokufa kuka-Ivan Krylov, umbhede wakhe wayenoSasha, umyeni wakhe nezingane ezimbili.
I-Basni.
- Dragonfly kanye nentuthwane
- Swan, umdlavuza kanye pike
- Iqhude ne-fox
- Impisi newundlu.
- Marty and izibuko
- Quartater
- Ingulube ngaphansi kwe-oki
- Demyanova eha
- Amashidi nezimpande
- Umlobokazi oqhubekayo