I-Biograge
UStephen Spielberg umqondisi ophumelele kakhulu eHollywood, umbhali wesikrini, umkhiqizi owathatha indawo yakhe kuleli ngxoxo, yize kunokuntuleka kwemfundo ekhethekile. Impumelelo yeCashier ibilokhu ihamba namafilimu akhe, manje futhi manje ibizwa ngokuthi umlingo we-cinema yezentengiselwano, abantu abadala ngaphambi kwakaZimu oHollywood.Ubuntwana nentsha
UStephen Allan Spielberg wazalelwa emndenini wamaJuda ngoDisemba 18, 1946. Idolobha lakhe elihlobene laba yisifundazwe iCincinnati e-Ohio. Ubaba u-Arnold wasebenza njengonjiniyela futhi ekhethekile kumakhompyutha, umama kaLia wayengumdlali we-cancert. Izingane ezine zikhulela emndenini wakwa-Spipidger.
Ubuntwana, uStefanu omncane wachitha ezungezwe odade bemidabu uNancy, uSue no-Ann, laba bodwa baba umlingisi we-cinema. Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala, uSpielberg wayenesifiso sokuhlunga, ngakho-ke abazali bayenzele indodana yakhe isipho, esithonye isiphetho sayo esiqhubekayo. Kwakuyikhamera ephathekayo engu-8-millimeter, umqondisi wesikhathi esizayo waqala ukudubula amafilimu amafushane.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-12, i-SPIELBERG, ngokuba ngumfundi wasekolishi waseCalifornia, ebambe iqhaza emkhosini wentsha wamafilimu ama-amateur. Umsebenzi "ubalekela ndawo", lapho izindima zenze khona izihlobo zomfana, zithathe indawo yokuqala. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, uStefanu aphothula le filimu ethi "Umlilo Womlilo" mayelana nokuthunjwa kwabantu ngabafokazi. Leteyipu, esekelwa ngabakwaNtsha abaNj yakho, yaphinde yaboniswa e-cinema yendawo. I-cinematic Biography ye-SPIELberg yasungulwa.
Umqondisi
Ebusheni bakhe, i-Spielberg yathatha imizamo emibili yokungena esikoleni se-cinema eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia. Kokubili uStephen wenqabile ukuqaphela "intruunity" esifingqo. Kepha imicabango nge-cinema ayishiyanga insizwa. Akazange aphelelwe yithemba futhi wangena ekolishi lobuchwepheshe, ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa lapho asusa khona amateyiphu amancane angama-26 "emvelo".Kwakuyifilimu le eyabonwa ngabamele ilungu lefilimu lendawo yonke. Inkampani eyaziwayo yaphetha isivumelwano nomuntu. Ekuqaleni, i-spielberg yasebenza ekuqoqweni kochungechunge lwe-TV "udokotela wezengqondo", "Colombo: UStephen Spielberg uphuthuma," kwathi ngo-1971 usevele wadala ifilimu encane - "duel edale inhlekelele encane.
Inkazimulo yangempela ye-SPIELBERG yaletha i-movie ethusayo "imihlathi", enyatheliswa ngo-1975 futhi ibambe umlando wokuqoqa imali iminyaka eminingana. Ngokuthwebula isithombe, iqembu elikhethekile ladala oshaka abaningana abasebenza ngemishini. Lokhu kunama-props kwinqubo yomsebenzi kuvame ukwehluleka, ngakho-ke i-spielberg isebenzise ukwamukela okwasungulwa ngu-Alfred Hichkok: Ezigcawini zokuvela kwe- "heroine" akuzange kusetshenziswe, futhi umculo okhathazekile owabhalwa nguJohn Williams kuzwakala.
Kanye namasampula emishini, ifilimu futhi isebenzise izihlaseli zangempela - ikakhulukazi, ngesiqephu esinamaseli angaphansi kwamanzi. Njengoba ubukhulu bezilwane zangempela bezingaphansi kokulahlwa, amakhreyithi ama-2: elinye lincane kakhulu, lapho i-mannequin ibekwe, ngokwesibili, lapho uKakarver Karl Rizzo, enokwanda okungu-145 cm. futhi wawina phakathi kwabanye 3 kinonagrades Oscar. Kamuva, amalungiselelo amathathu efilimu edumile adutshulwe, kepha ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwe-Spielberg.
Ngo-1981, i-adventure hilitant yavela noHarrison Ford endimeni eholayo ye- "Indiana Jones: Ukufuna uMphongolo olahlekile." Ekuqaleni, i-spielberg yafuna ukususa okuthile emoyeni weJames Bond, nokho, lapho umqondisi ehlanganyela umbono noGeorge Lucas, waphakamisa umngane wesimo esinye. I-Archaeologist yaseJalimane u-Otto Ras kanye nokufuna kwakhe i-Holy Grail yaba prototype we-central hero. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abadali ngokwabo abasho lutho kulokhu engxoxweni, esihlokweni sefilimu sefilimu ngokusobala balandelela izikhathi ezivela ku-biography yesilonda. Itheyipu yaphenduka ibe yifilimu yemali enkulu kakhulu yonyaka, njengoba iqoqe kuma- $ 400 million.
Futhi emva konyaka, uStefanu, wajabula ngendalo entsha yamaKinomans - idrama ebabazekayo ngokuthi "umfokazi". Maphakathi nendawo yetheyipu - umlando wobungani bakwa-Aliel nomsebenzi - imihlaba ka-Elliot. UHenry Thomas osemusha, ozame endimeni enkulu, bekufanele ngabe ucindezelekile ngosizi lomlingiswa. Lapho umfana evuma engxoxweni, ngenxa yalokhu wakhumbula usuku lapho inja yayo ishonile. Izinyembezi zaba qotho kangangokuba uSpielberg uqobo wathula wacela umlingisi ukuba adubule.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi, umqondisi walo mqondisi wagcwaliswa nepaki ye-jurassic Park, eyaba yingqophamlando esetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha. Lesi sithombe sasisuselwa esithombeni sikaMichael Cinyon, ilungelo lezinqumo ze-Spielberg zithengiwe ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kwale ncwadi. Kamuva, uJames Cameron wabika izintatheli, nazo ezazifuna ukuthola amalungelo, kodwa zazingenaso isikhathi. Ngokubonisana ekwakhiweni kwamamodeli we-dinosaur, iphrojekthi yamenyelwa yi-paleontologist jack. Futhi ukudubula ngokwayo kwadlula ikakhulukazi kwi-Hawaii Archipelago.
Ama-Oscars ayisikhombisa, okubandakanya nomqondisi omuhle kakhulu, athole idrama emnandi ephathelene nezisulu zohlu lweSchindler "noLian Nison endimeni eholayo. Abagxeki baphawula kufaka phakathi ukuhambisana komculo okumangalisayo kwale ntambo yokubhoboza eyenziwe ngumqambi uJohn Williams.
I-Spielberg isuse le tampu ngefilimu emnyama nomhlophe. Njengoba abantu baseMelika behluleka ukuthola imvume yokusebenza ezindongeni zase-Auschwitz, khona-ke iqembu lefilimu lalifanele lakhiwe eduze komhlobiso, liphindaphinde ubuso bekamu lokuhlushwa.
URaif Fayns wamenyelwa endimeni ye-Central Avinter Gethea. Isiboshwa sangempela esibambe iqhaza ekuqoqweni, sibona umlingisi, cishe waphela amandla - ngakho-ke wabonakala sengathi. Ukuze kulandelwe okwengeziwe ngokuvela komlingiswa wakhe, umdwebi walulama ngo-13 kg, futhi athole isisindo, wabona ubhiya.
Ngo-1998, uMqondisi wabuyela esihlokweni sezempi, esusa umdwebo "wonga uRyan wangasese," lapho uTom Hanks adlale khona umlingiswa ophambili. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, amaqiniso wangempela asuselwa ku-Ribbon: umthetho mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwezihlobo - ezempi ezihlukathweni ezihlukene futhi ubuyela phambi kokufa kwazo empini ezinhlanu Abafowethu abaseSullivan.
Ekuqaleni, i-spielberg yafuna ukususa lesi sithombe ngokuthi "uhlu lweSchindler", ku-gamma emnyama namhlophe, kepha yashintsha isinqumo esivumela ubuchwepheshe "ukubamba isiliva" ukwenza umbala ngokugcwala. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokukhishwa kwefilimu kwizikrini ngenxa yokunganeliseki kwezilaleli "Palhery", imibala yemibala yabuyiselwa emuva. Abacebisi bephrojekthi kwakukhona ama-veterans okufika e-Normandy, enikeze ukwethenjwa kwetheyiphu ngisho nemininingwane emincane.
Ngo-2001, umlobi wesikrini uphumelele eStanley Kubrick usebenzele kuphrojekthi "Ingqondo Yezentengiselwano". UKubrick uhlele ukususa lesi sithombe ekuqaleni, noma kunjalo, kwabhekwa ukuthi amathuba okugqwayiza amakhompyutha awavunyelwe ukuhlanganisa umbono. I-Spielberg isiqalile ngonyaka ka-2000, ngemuva kokushona komqondisi. Ngenxa yale phrojekthi, waze washiya nokuqoshwa kukaHarry Potter.
Ngo-2005, uStephen wethula indalo entsha ethokozisayo nomphakathi - ifilimu enhle "impi yezwe". Iteyipu yayisuselwa emidlalweni efanayo yaseRaman Herbert. Njengaphambi kwalokho, umqambi uJohn Williams waqhubeka ebambisana noMqondisi, owanikeza isithombe umsindo omuhle kakhulu. Izilaleli zizwa futhi iculo elithi Little Deuce Coupe of the Beach Boys Group eyenziwe nguTom Cruise kanye noDakota FANYNING.
Lapho i-spielberg isuse ifilimu lokuqala mayelana ne-Indiana Jones, abanye basola abadali bopende ekubumbeni. Umqondisi ngokwakhe wayengakuqondi umongo wezimangalo, waze wahlangana namahlaya ngeTintin, enziwe ngumculi waseBelgian Erie. Kwavela ukuthi iqhawe le nsizwa lalinguJones "olwenzeka phambili", elihlanganisa umphenyi wezobukoo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uStephen wathola ilungelo lokuchazwa kwemisebenzi yomculi, kwathi ngo-2011 umhlaba wabona ikhathuni "adventures of tintin: Imfihlakalo ye-Unicorn".
Amanye amaphrojekthi
Ngaphezu komvuzo, i-spielberg ibamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo kumaphrojekthi amaningi njengoMkhiqizi OPhethe, umbhali wesikrini, kanye nomlingisi, avele eziqeshini zamafilimu akho. Ngo-1985, yena njengomkhiqizi wakhuluma ngokukhuthaza amahlaya amahlaya i-Robert Zeekilesisis "emuva esikhathini esizayo". UZemkis akazange ahlale ezikweletini - engxenyeni yesibili yomdwebo, kwakhulunywa "ifilimu elithi" imihlathi ". Ngokwesakhiwo, umbhali wengxenye ye-19 ye- "Sharp" Thriller kwakunguMax Spielberg, indodana kaMqondisi Odumile.
Ngo-2010, iMelika yaba ngumkhiqizi wochungechunge lwe-mini - ulwandlekazi lwePacific ". Iphrojekthi yefilimu yayisuselwa kuma-memoirs ama-marines amabili, yalwa ezandleni zoLwandle lwePacific phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Ngesikhathi sokukhululwa, isithombe saba uchungechunge lwethelevishini olubiza kakhulu (olususelwa kunani lesiqephu ngasinye).
Ngo-2019, iSpielberg ikhiphe amaphrojekthi ama-2. Lesi yisimanga esimnandi "esimnyama: International International", lapho i-Star Cast yaqoqwa (uChris Hesson, uTessa Thompson, uResca Thompson, kanye nochungechunge oludonsayo "ukuthi kungani sizonda".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1976, uSpielberg waqala ukuhlangana ne-American Actress Amy Irving. Lobu budlelwano bathatha iminyaka emi-3, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho umculi waya kwenye indoda. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, lo mbhangqwana uphinde wahlangana, umshado wabo wenzeka ngo-1985. Kule nyunyana, i-speilberg yaba nendodana uMax Samuel. Ngo-1989, abashadikazi bahlukanisile.Umqondisi uthathe isinqumo sokuzibopha okwesibili umqondisi uthathe isinqumo ngo-1991. Impilo yomuntu siqu ye-SPIELBERG ayikaze iguqukele kusukela lapho. Unkosikazi womqondisi waba umlingisi uKate Capshow, uStephen wahlunga engxenyeni yesi-2 ye-Adventures of Indiana Jones. Ubudlelwano obusondelene buhambisana ne-spielberg kanye ne-capshow kusuka maphakathi nama-80s. Ngo-1990, uKate wabeletha indodakazi kaStefanu, indodana kaSawyer nendodakazi yendodakazi yavela kamuva.
Izingane eziyisikhombisa zakhula emndenini kaSpellero noCepshow: UKate waletha indodakazi emshadweni owedlule uJessica nomfana wokutholwa uTeo, indodana kaStefanu emshadweni wokuqala nawo. Ngo-1996, umbhangqwana wethule intombazane uMikael.
UStephen Spielberg Manje
Ngo-2021, umqondisi waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wokudala. Yaziwa ngomsebenzi weSpielberg ngaphezulu kwefilimu lomculo "umlando osentshonalanga". Le phrojekthi yayisuselwa emculweni othandwayo ka-Arthur Lauren, uLeonard Bennstein noStephen Sondheim.
Ngasikhathi sinye uStephen wathatha umugqa wesibili wokukalwa kosaziwayo baseMelika abacebile ngokusho kweForbes. Isimo sakhe sasingama- $ 3.6 billion. Umqondisi ubesengaphambili kozakwethu uGeorge Lucas.
Izics
- 1975 - "Imihlathi"
- 1981 - "I-Indiana Jones. Ngifuna umkhumbi olahlekile "
- 1982 - "" Alien "
- 1993 - "I-Jurassic Park"
- 1993 - "Uhlu lweSchindler"
- 1998 - "Gcina i-Ryan yangasese"
- Ngo-2001 - "Ingqondo Yokufakelwa"
- 2002 - "Ngibambe uma ungakwazi"
- Ngo-2004 - "ukuphela"
- Ngo-2005 - "Impi Yezwe"
- 2005 - Munich
- Ngo-2015 - "Spy Bridge"
- 2016 - "Isiqhwaga Esikhulu Nokuhle"
- 2018 - "Umdlali wokuqala ukuze alungele"
- 2019 - "Amakati"
- 2019 - "Abantu abamnyama: International"
- I-2020 - "Umhlaba weJurassic: Inkambu yesikhathi se-cretaceous"
- I-2020 - "Nanny"
- 2021 - Oslo