I-Biograge
UWinston Churchill ungenye yezinombolo zezepolitiki ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezihlukile zekhulu le-XX. Imisebenzi yakhe yomabili amaBrithani futhi zonke ezepolitiki zomhlaba zazibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa emphakathini wanamuhla kulinganiselwa ukuthi: abanye bathanda isibindi kanye nezenzo zezepolitiki, ngakho-ke benenyanya ngenxa yalesi sikhundla umjaho omhlophe kuphela.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-ChurchLill yalwa obala ngobushiqela ezimpini, akazange afihle umhawu wakhe ngemisebenzi kaBenito Mussolini noJoseph Stalin, ekhuluma phakathi neminyaka yokubusa kwakhe, abasunguli bobuthakathi beBhodi e-Italy ne-USSR.
UWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill wazalwa ngoNovemba 30, 1874 emafasifeni asezafutho kaHerzov Malboro, esigodlweni saseBlenheim. Ababelethi bakhe baphenduka abantu abacebile nabanethonya - baba, iNkosi uRandolph Henry Spencer, bekungusopolitiki odumile noChancellor womgcinimafa waseBrithani, futhi umama kaJenny wayeyindodakazi yosomabhizinisi ocebile baseBrithani.
Usopolitiki wesikhathi esizayo waba amazibulo emndenini, kodwa wawunaka ukunakwa kwabazali, njengoba uYise wayehlala enze umsebenzi wezepolitiki, futhi umama wakhe edonswa impilo yezwe lonke. Ngakho-ke, imfundo kaWinston osemusha yayiganwa eNanny Elizabeth Ann Everest, eyaba osondele kakhulu endodeni ye-Churchill.
Masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa, uNdunankulu wesikhathi esizayo waseBrithani waba yilungu 'le-caste eliphakeme' lesigaba esihle, esasimncenga indlela eya emsebenzini wobukhosi obuqhakazile, njengoba nabanye abapholile babengenalo ilungelo lokungena endlini ka Imiphakathi nohulumeni wezwe. Kepha, njengoba kwenzeka, uWinston waba ngummeleli womugqa oseceleni we-Churchill, owamvumela ukuba abe ngusopolitiki omkhulu.
Esikhathini seminyaka eyisikhombisa, wathunyelwa eSaint George School, lapho ukunakwa okwengeziwe kukhokhwe khona kunokuqeqeshwa kwezingane zesikole. Esikhungweni sezemfundo, uWinston wakhombisa konke ukungabaza kwawo ukuze afunde futhi abhekane nemithetho eqinile yemithetho yangaphakathi, eyayiphindwe kabili ekulimaleni. Ngemuva kokuvakashela njalo uNanny wakhe wabona isidumbu somzimba womfana oshaywa kanzima, wagcizelela ekudlulisweni kwe-Churchill kwenye isikole.
Kepha esikoleni sodade esicwebezelayo uThomson, naye akazange azithande izifundo zakhe futhi wayengumfundi wakamuva kakhulu ekilasini. Lapho eneminyaka engu-12, uWinston osemusha waqala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo - wayesehlile ekuvuzeni amaphaphu, abuthaka umzimba wakhe wonke. Kulokhu, akazange aye esikhungweni semfundo esiphakeme sendabuko samadoda oGuris Malbor e-Iton, futhi wangena ekolishi elingasho lutho eliseHarrow. Ukukhetha okunjalo kwenziwa ngenxa yendawo yamanyuvesi.
Kepha lapha i-Churchill yaqhubeka nokukhombisa ukunganambitheki okugcwele ezifundweni zemfundo - wafunda kuphela ukuthi wayezibuze, futhi konke okunye akunakwa ngokuphelele ekuphikeni kwakhe okungokwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1889, wahunyushelwa ekilasini lamasosha, ekilasini lakhe lokuqeqesha laligxile esimweni sezempi.
Kwakulapha okuvela ku-Inselelo Student Winston kwaphenduka umfundi okhuthele. Ukwazile ukuba ngomunye wabafundi abangu-12 balesi sikole abakwazile ukuphumelela izivivinyo zokugcina kuzo zonke izifundo, ezivumele i-Churchill ukuba bangene esikoleni esibucayi soMbuso e-United Kingdom, athola iziqu esisezingeni eliphansi.
Umsebenzi wezempi
Ngo-1895, ekugcineni kwezempi, wabhaliswa enhlanganweni yobukhosi yasebukhosini, kodwa ngemuva kwesikhashana ngabona ukuthi umsebenzi wamasosha akazange amdonse. Ngenxa yobudlelwano bakaMama wabo, ngesikhathi somfelokazi kaCherchilla, uWinston wasatshalaliswa eCuba, lapho aqokwa khona oxhumana naye wamasosha, eqhubeka nokubalwa kwinkonzo yangempela yezempi. Isikweletu sobuntatheli saletha inqubomgomo yesikhathi esizayo sodumo nomphakathi, futhi avumela ukuhola imali ebaluleke kakhulu kwinani le-25 Gini.
Ngaphezu kwenkazimulo nasekutholeni iCuba Churchill yaletha imikhuba emibili yokuphila konke - ukubhema ama-cigar cuban kanye nokulandela ukuhambisana neseside, ukuhlinzeka ngokuphumula kwantambama. Ngo-1896, waqhubeka nohambo lwakhe lobuntatheli futhi wathunyelwa eNdiya, wabe eseya eGibhithe. Lapha uChurchill wakhombisa yonke isibindi sakhe sokulwa - ngaphezu kokukhanyisa imicimbi, wazibamba ngokwezigwebu, owayengunembeza weMisebenzi Yakhe.
Ipolitiki
Ngo-1899, uWinston Churchill wanquma ukushiya phansi izintambo futhi wazinikela kwezepolitiki. Ngesikhathi esevele eseyintatheli eyaziwayo, ngakho-ke wayebala ukusekelwa komphakathi. Umzamo wokuqala wokungena ePhalamende njengengxenye yeqembu elilondolozekile laphenduka ukwehluleka - abavoti bakhethe inkululeko.
Ususe ngesikhathi sezepolitiki, uChurch waphinde waya kuhambo lwentatheli. Ngalesi sikhathi wathunyelwa eNingizimu Afrika, ekwakheni impi ye-Anglo-board.
Lapho, wadonswa kwabaphikisi, lapho kwenziwa khona ukubalekela ngesibindi, okwaba khona ngehora elinenkanyezi le-Churchill njengenqubomgomo: abavoti bamthembisa ukuthi banikeze amavoti noma imilu yezepolitiki ". Ngasikhathi sinye, wanquma ukubuyela enkundleni yempi, lapho ahlanganyela khona ezimpini eziningi zokusindisa abathathu ejele ejele lakhe.
Ukufika kwesibindi kwe-Churchillimis kwamvumela ukuba abuyele ezweni lakubo iqhawe langempela - angawina kalula ukhetho lwePhalamende ngonyaka we-1900 futhi ajoyine amakamelo omphakathi lapho indawo eyalandela ethembekile. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wakushicilela umsebenzi wakhe kuphela wemibhalo, inoveli ethi "Isaluleki", lapho, khona-ke, ezombusazwe endimeni yomlingiswa oyinhloko izibonelo.
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ePhalamende, uWinston Churchill wakhuluma ngokugxekwa okubukhali ngokumelene nabalondolozi, eveza ukungaboni ngaso linye nohlelo lwe-Madeloologist enkulu kaJoseph Chamberberin. Kungakho uNdunankulu wesikhathi esizayo waseGreat Britain washiya iqembu elilondolozekile ngeminyaka emi-4 futhi wathuthela kulabo abanenkululeko - lesi sinyathelo samvumela ukuba athathe ngokushesha ukususa izitebhisi zezombusazwe.
Ekuqaleni, waba yiSekela likaNgqongqoshe Wekoloni, wabe eseqokwa eposini likaNgqongqoshe Wezentengiselwano, ngemuva kokuthola isikhundla sikaNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi, futhi ngemuva konyaka ka-Churchill waba yiNgqongqoshe WezamaNaval, ngaleyo ndlela abe yiminingi Usopolitiki osemusha ohlala ezikhundleni ezinethonya elikhulu eBrithani.
Lapho ebhekise uMnyango WezamaNaval Laserce, uWinston Churchill wabhekana ne-Fiasco enkulu, ngokwephutha lakhe empini yezwe yokuqala, umsebenzi wamasosha kwaDordanellah wayephetha ngokugcwele iBrithani, lapho amasosha amaNgisi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250 ayeseshonile ngokungenangqondo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, bezama ukubhekana necala lakhe, osopolitiki washiya phansi umsebenzi wabhalisa ngevolontiya ngaphambili. Eminyakeni embalwa, lapho "inkanuko" ezungeze uDordanhell yayidabula, uChurchill wabuyela kuhulumeni, lapho wathatha khona okuthunyelwe koNgqongqoshe Wezempi, futhi akazange akwazi ukuwasho, kwezepolitiki Phula "iminyaka eminingana, ukumuka ngokuphelele kosopolitiki.
UNdunankulu waseBrithani
Ukubuya kunqubomgomo kaWinston Churchill kwaphawula ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho iJalimane ihlasela iPoland, ngemuva kwalokho i-United King yamemezela i-War Adolf Hitler. Wahlongozwa ukuba abe yinkosi yokuqala ye-Admiralty, enelungelo lokuvota emkhandlwini wamasosha, njengoba ayengakaze athembise izwe laphakade ezweni lakubo futhi ngomunye wabantu abambalwa, ngokweziphathimandla, ekwazi ukuletha isizwe Ukunqoba.
Ukugxila ezandleni zakhe zonke izimbani eziphambili zokuhlanganisa izwe, okuhloswe ngazo ukulwa noHeller's Germany, uChurchill wakwazi ukukhuphuka phezulu kwamandla futhi waba uNdunankulu waseBrithani, kodwa, esikhathini esinzima kakhulu eNgilandi. Kepha ukunquma, ukukhuthazela ukuhlolwa kwesimo kwavumela i-Premian Premiere ukuthi ihole ngempumelelo impi yokunqoba ngokwenza umfelandawonye onqobayo ne-USSR.
Ukuba ngumphikisi okhanyayo weBolshevism, i-Churchill phakathi kukaHitler noStalin bakhetha okulandelayo, ngoba wayengenakho okunye ukuphuma. NgoMeyi 1942, yena nabaholi baseMelika nabaseRussia bakaFranklin Roosevelt noJoseph Stalin Churchill basayina idokhumenti ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-Anti-Hitler Coalition, eyayinegama elithi "Atlantic Charter", elinquma imiyalo yezomnotho nezepolitiki " Ama-Allies alandela ukunqoba eMpini Yezwe II.
Ngemuva kwakhe ngo-1945, abaholi beGreat Britain, e-United States kanye ne-USSR baqhuba ingqungquthela ye-Yalta, enqume imephu yezepolitiki yezwe ngesikhathi sempi. Lapho-ke abaholi be- "Big Troika" banqume ukuthi iJalimane kufanele ihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezi-4 ezihlaselwe, ngemuva kwalokho izifundazwe zeBaltic, eWekovina, noKarelia babuyela e-USSR. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-Soviet Union yathembisa ukuba ibambe iqhaza empini neJapan, lapho kwamukelwa khona iSouth Sakhalin naseKuril.
Masinyane ngasekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili, umhlaba wonke wahlukana waba yizinhlelo ezimbili zezepolitiki, futhi uChurchill waqala ukubiza entshonalanga ukuze ahlanganyele kulo lonke iMkhuluma amaKhomanisi ngenhloso yokuthola "ukugcwala" kwe-bolshevism. Kepha ngaleso sikhathi kwadingeka ashiye inqubomgomo enkulu, ngoba eminyakeni yangemva kwempi e-UK, kwaqala izinkinga zezomnotho ezingathi sína, isikweletu sakwelinye izwe sesikhulile futhi ubudlelwano obunezinkolo ezingomakhelwane buye basiwohlokile. Lokhu kuholele ekunqotshweni kweWinston Churchill okhethweni lwePhalamende, futhi washiya phansi.
Ngaleso sikhathi, wabhekisa ukuphikiswa nguhulumeni, kodwa cishe awuzange uvele endlini yama-Commons, azinikele emisebenzini ebhaliwe. Ngo-1951, eneminyaka engama-76, uWinston Churchill waba ngundunankulu waseBrithani kanye neminyaka engu-4 elandelayo yemithetho yezwe. Eminyakeni yokugcina yomsebenzi wakhe wezepolitiki, wachitha inqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe ngokugcizelelwa ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla enuzi ezweni, ngethemba lokubuyisa amandla ezempi aseBrithani nalo. Njengesimo sempilo, osopolitiki baseBrithani baphoqeleka ukuba badlulise ekubhekeni futhi bahambe kusukela ekubhalweni kwenduna nabo bonke abahlonishwayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaWinston Churchill iqhathaniswa nezazi-mlando eziningi "nothando oluhle lothando." Usopolitiki omkhulu waseBrithani wahlangabezana nothando lwempilo yakhe ngo-1908 futhi ngokushesha washada nabakhethiweyo. Waba nguClemendene Hozier, ndodakazi yaseLondon Aristocrats. Ngomkakhe, uNdunankulu waseBrithani waphila iminyaka engama-57 ejabule - waba umngane wakhe omkhulu futhi waba ngumeluleki ophambili kwezepolitiki, ngoba kuphela ngemuva kokuvunyelwa kwakhe ama-Chuvorill athatha izinqumo ezibalulekile.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi unkosikazi womkankosi uHenger, owayethathwa njengomehluko omkhulu ngalezo zikhathi, wakwazi ukugcina uthando emndenini wawo, futhi waba ngukuphela komuntu okwazi ukubhekana nobumlomo obubukhali nobudlova be-Churchill . UClementine wabeletha uWinston izingane ezinhlanu, ngamunye wethu ayefiseleka futhi ethandekayo kubazali bakhe. Ngemuva kokushona kwenduna yaseBrithani yalowo oshade naye kwaqhubeka nokumbiza ngendoda efanelekile, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayengumuntu obhemayo nomdlali, ubusuku obuchitheke ekhasino.
UBurcon Winston Churchill, uClementine walahlekelwa yinjongo empilweni futhi wayekulungele ukumlandela, kodwa wamiswa ngumbiko onamaphiko omyeni wakhe, ebikalwe eMpini Yezwe Yesibili, lapho efika eBrithani. " Kwakuyimpendulo ye-Churchill eyamsiza ukuba aphile ukulahlekelwa kanye neminyaka eyi-12 elandelayo ukuze aqhubeke nemibhalo yakhe ebhaliwe, ememezela izikhumbuzo ezingaziwa zomholi waseBrithani.
Ukushona
Ukufa kukaWinston Churchill kwafika ngoJanuwari 24, 1965. IBriton enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wonke wezwe yafa eneminyaka engama-90. Imbangela yokufa komuntu owayenguNdunankulu waseBrithani kwakuyisifo sohlangothi, engahlaselwa yinqubomgomo okokuqala. Umngcwabo kaChurchill wabanjwa ngefomethi yombuso ngaphansi kobuholi beNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II - bangu-10 kuphela abanikezwa udumo olunjalo emlandweni weGreat Britain.
Inqubomgomo yomngcwabo yezomngcwabo isiphenduke isilinganiselo esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wezwe, njengabameleli bamazwe ayi-112 nawo wonke amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini abamba iqhaza kulo. Umngcwabo kaWinston Churchill wawusakazwa yiziteshi eziningi zethelevishini emhlabeni jikelele bukhoma, obuvumele abantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingama-350 ngezikrini ze-TV ukusho okuhle ku-British evelele.
Ngokwesicelo seChurchill uqobo, wangcwatshwa emathuneni amathuna eSonto LaseSt. Martin, eliseduze nefa lakhe elijwayelekile. Ukungcwatshwa kwakwenziwa phambi kwamalungu omndeni kuphela kanye nabangane abaseduze nabangane.