I-Biograge
IVictoria Nuland ingenye yezinombolo ezibalulekile zokukhulumisana kwamaMelika e-Arena Yezepolitiki Yomhlaba. EWashington, wayenedumela ngokuthi "ama-Superwasher", agcinwe ngobuciko ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe amanxusa namanye ama-American arvions eYurophu. Ozakwabo bebhizinisi lakhe le-European European babhekwa njengethangekile "ngesinye isikhathi" esingelona iqiniso ", kodwa akuzange kuphazamise iNuland ukuqhubekisela phambili phakathi kwezitebhisi zomsebenzi nokunqoba zombili ezweni nangaphambili.Ubuntwana nentsha
UVictoria Jane Nuland wazalwa ngoJulayi 1, 1961 esimweni sase-US seConnecticut. Ugogo nomkhulu emugqeni kababa, amaJuda ngobuzwe, abizwa ngokuthi uNudelman, washiya uMbuso WaseRussia ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900s. Ebusheni, uYise wonobhala wezwe wase-US wase-Europe, udokotela ohlinzayo, udokotela ohlinzayo, uprofesa wamaBioethics noShepsel Ber Nudelman wanquma ukumelana nasolwandle, eshintsha igama kuSherwin Nude.
Ubuntwana nentsha Victoria Nusand bahamba njengezingane eziningi ezivela emindenini ehlakaniphile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abanye abafowethu nodadewethu abathathu bakhula endlini, abazali banake ukukhuliswa kwendodakazi yokuqala, babeka uthando lwakhe ngokufunda. Ngakho-ke, ekuzuzeni iminyaka yesikole, i-Primomat yesikhathi esizayo yathunyelwa ekolishi elizimele elikhetha iRosemary Hall eWallingford, lapho abafana namantombazane bezemfundo abatholwa khona.
Ekolishi, uVictoria wafunda kahle, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukungena e-United States yangasese yase-United States, uBrowvov University, eCronov University, eColect of State Polict. Njengoba esethole "ithikithi" emhlabeni wezolwazi, uNuland kwadingeka avakashele isikweletu ukuze avakashele amazwe ahlukahlukene omhlaba. Inethiwekhi ihlinzeka ngamaqiniso athakazelisayo ku-biography yeVictoria kuze kube sesikhathi.
Ngo-Okthoba 2014, wakhuluma eTaras Shevchenko kiev National University. Lapho-ke abafundi babuza, kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-Prisomat yasebenza iphayona ekamu le-Odessa "i-Guard Guard". Owesifazane waseMelika ulahlekile, ethi umuntu ocele lo mbuzo ukuthi "ubuhlakani obuhle impela". Kodwa-ke, kwacacisa isikhathi nabantu kahle, "yize ukudla bekungalungile kakhulu lapho."
Engxoxweni neNew York Times ngonyaka ka-2012, uVictoria ukusho lokho selokhu kwasebenza emkhunjini wokudoba iSoviet, "i-Metropolitan", ebheke umoya obhekelele eSoviet. Ukuxoxa ngentatheli uJeanne Nemtsova, wachaza:
"Umsebenzi wami kwakuwukuthi ube nesibopho somsakazo phakathi komkhumbi wokucubungula izinhlanzi kanye nabaseMelika ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwezinhlanzi emphemeni. Sasingabantu abasha bonke abafundisa isiRussia futhi bafuna ukufika, ukuhlala eceleni nabaseRussia. "Ipolitiki
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki waseVictoria wethulwe ngo-1985. Ngemuva kwalokho yena, ukuba ngusopolitiki we-novice, wasebenza eChina, lapho azimisa khona ukuba abe yi-proplomat efanele. Njengoba usuthole ukwanda, i-wiki (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-wor wesifazane amasayithi ngamunye) athuthela eqenjini loMnyango Wezwe ngoLwandlekazi iPacific naseMpumalanga Asia. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, ukubonakaliswa kwenzalo e-USSR Nulak kuyalelwe ukuthi kwengamele imibuzo eSoviet Union enhlokodolobha yesimo senqubomgomo yomakhelwane wase-Ulaan Batter, okwakungukuqala kwenqubomgomo yayo ye-US. Ukuqondisa kweRussia.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoKusukela ngo-1991, uVictoria Nuland uthunyelwe eMoscow, lapho asebenze khona e-US Embassy futhi ebhekele ukuxhumana nohulumeni woMongameli wokuqala waseRussia Boris Yeltin. Ngo-1993, i-prozomat yayisijula kwinqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US - emsebenzini yayo bafaka imibuzo eRussia nasekunwebeni kwe-NATO. Lapho, watshengisa ubungcweti bakhe kanye nobungcweti bezobungcweti, ukuhlwanyela ukuxazulula izindaba ezibalulekile zezwe ezihlaseli zenuzi zase-Ukraine, eBelarus naseKazakhstan.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-90s, i-NEKE yalanda insizakalo entsha - yathatha usihlalo woMnyango woMnyango Wezwe ukuze bathole izindaba zangaphambilini zalowo owayengu-USSR, bamelela izintshisekelo zezepolitiki zaseMelika ezinobudlelwano neRussia naseCaucasus amazwe. Ekuqaleni kuka-2000s, i-prozomat yangena eMkhandlwini Wezindaba ZaseMelika, lapho evikela khona izintshisekelo zezwe lakhe yakwamanye amazwe omhlaba owakhombisa ukuthi anti-amerianism kanye nokugxekwa okuyisisekelo kwamanani aseMelika.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoIsigaba esilandelayo seCom Career Victoria Nuland sihlotshaniswa neNorth Atlantic Alliance. Ngo-2001, waba yiPhini le-US elikhona ngaphansi kwe-NATO. Izinqubomgomo zokufeza kule ndlela zazibalulekile ezifundeni, ngoba ngenxa yemizamo yezwe laseNuland yathola ukusekelwa okuphezulu komhlaba wonke ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ngoSepthemba 11.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-prosomat yaheha amalungu amasha ayi-7 kwi-Alliance, yasebenza ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni koMkhandlu waseRussia-Nato futhi inikeze ukusekelwa kokufakwa kwamandla we-NATO ngaphandle kwe-Iraq ukuze kugumbuthwe umbuso wakwaSaddam Hussein.
Esikhathini esizayo, iminyaka emi-2 iVictoria yasebenza eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha E-US National Security, lapho ayenza khona ukuxazulula izinkinga zomhlaba wonke ezihlobene ne-Afghanistan, e-Iraq, eMpumalanga Ephakathi neLebanon. Ngobungcweti obukhonjisiwe kanye nesikhundla esicacile kulezi zindaba, i-muture isiqokekile yabekwenziswa eposini lommeleli waphakade ne-NATO, ngenkathi ethembela futhi eqhubeka nokucabanga ngemibuzo yaseRussia kanye nokwanda kwe-Alliance.
Ngo-2011, uVictoria Nuland njengochwepheshe "onobungcweti obungenakuqhathaniswa 'bathatha usihlalo woMnyango Wezwe Lomnyango we-US State of State State. Lapho, wasebenza iminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 - vele ngo-2013, i-prodomat yafunjalakala njengoMsizi Wezwe wase-US ezindabeni zaseYurophu. Owumlandela njengonobhala wezindaba waba yi-Eccentric Jennifer Psaka, ebingadume ngokungalibaleki ngemishwana yayo "ebingezekile" ogwini lwasemanzini waseBelarus, mayelana nokunikezwa kwegesi kusuka entshonalanga ne-Europe eRussia, njll.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoEsimweni esisha, uNuke wasebenzisa ingxenye esebenzayo engxabanweni yase-Ukraine futhi wanikeza umthelela omkhulu ezinqubweni zezepolitiki kuleli, kubandakanya nokukhanga udaba lwezikhali zokunikezwa kwezikhali. Intatheli uRobert Parry, odume ngophenyo olukhulu, aqinisekisile ukuthi uVictoria nomyeni wakhe "axhaswe" futhi afudumeza intshisekelo yama-oligarchs endawo asebeni amandla, "acindezele" u-Arseny Yatsinyuyuk eposini lase-Ukraine.
I-Nuke isiphenduke ingenye yezinombolo ezimbalwa zezepolitiki, ezavakashela i-Euromaidan eKiev, lapho ayesekela khona abahleli benguqulo yombuso. Ngegama lakhe, umqondo wokuthi "ubuphofu bomnyango wombuso" uxhunyiwe. Ngokusho kwe-coplomat, ngo-2013, yena cishe wake wafika inyanga e-Ukraine.
"Ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi akufanele siye esikwele. Ngenxa yalokho, saletha amasangweji futhi sabasabalalisa hhayi kuphela ababhikishi, kodwa futhi nabasebenzi bezokuphepha base-Ukraine, abahlukunyezwa ngabaholi babo futhi bathumela ngokumelene nabathathu. "Futhi le yi-kremlin, lona wesifazane uqiniseka ngeqiniso lokuthi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noMthetho Wezwe waphenduka uphawu.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgo-2014, uVictoria wawusenkabeni yokuthuthumela kwezombusazwe ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kokuqoshwa okulalelwayo kwengxoxo, lapho engxoxweni ne-Ukraine Jeffrey Piettet wayekhulume ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-European Union ekuxazululeni i- ubunzima bezepolitiki. UJen Psaki wamemezela kamuva ukuthi iNulnde yaletha ukuxolisa kozakwabo kwi-EU prolouars.
Ngo-2017, usopolitiki odumile washiya uMnyango Wezwe. Ngalo, imikhakha eyi-10 kanye nomongameli aba-5 bashintshwa. UNuland wayengafuni ukusebenza neDonald Trump Administration, ngoba le ndoda iphethe isikhundla esibhekene naleyo ayivikela iminyaka engama-30. Noma kunjalo, uVictoria ubheka ukuthi kudingekile ukuqhubeka nengxoxo nohlangothi lwaseRussia ukuze usebenzise izivumelwano zeMinsk, manje ezithathwa njengendlela kuphela yokumisa impi kuma-donbas.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yeVictoria ihlukaniswa ngokucophelela, ayinamakhasi ku-Facebook naku-Twitter, imininingwane yokukhula nesisindo ayizange ivezwe. Futhi-ke, akufanele ufune izithombe ngombuzo ojwayelekile "endaweni yokubhukuda" ku "Instagram".
Kuyaziwa ukuthi osopolitiki ushade nentatheli yaseMelika, isazi se-mudeologist ye-Conservatism nguRobert Kagan, esebenza njengesikhungo esiphezulu seBrookings. Lesi sikhungo sisebenza ngokukhethekile ocwaningweni nasekuhlaziyweni kwezimo zezomnotho kwezomnotho, ezepolitiki, emphakathini futhi zithathwa njengenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu "zobuchopho".
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoAbalingani banemibono efanayo emhlabeni - bayasekelana emisebenzini yobungcweti kanye nempilo yansuku zonke. Emshadweni uNundand naseKagan, kwazalwa izingane ezimbili, imininingwane yokuthi ngabe ngabe ngabekameki futhi bengatholakali yini.
Ngo-2015, abezindaba baphendulwa ezindabeni ngesimo sempilo ye-coplomat, abaningi ababheka ngayo inkohliso. Kodwa-ke, amasayithi abhekise kwiNkampani yase-BBC Melika, okusolakala ukuthi kubikwa ukuthi ngoMashi, iNusand yathuthela khona lapho umsebenzi. Njengoba ayengedwa ehhovisi, usizo lwalungenaso isikhathi sokuhumusha ngesikhathi esifanele. ESt. Odokotela baseFrancis Hospital bathola uVictoria Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo nokukhubazeka kohlangothi lwesokunene lomzimba. Umsizi wangaphambili wakuthola malini futhi umsizi kaNobhala wangaphambilini nakulesi sifo, wahlala engaziwa.
UVictoria Nuland Manje
Kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2019, uVictoria wabamba isikhundla sikaMqondisi Jikelele wesikhungo sokuphepha okusha kwaseMelika. Lesi sakhiwo sakha inqubomgomo eqinile, enobuhlakani futhi eyinhloko yezokuphepha kazwelonke kanye nokuvikela, okukhuthaza futhi kuvikele futhi kuvikele izintshisekelo namanani aseMelika. Ukusuka lapho, wathuthela eMadeleine Albright Albright Stonebridge Group, enikeza izinsizakalo zokubonisana emabhizinisini amakhulu.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgoMeyi, uNuke wanethemba lokuthi uzobamba iqhaza engqungqutheleni yamazwe omhlaba ebangeni elilinganiselwe labantu abahlelwe yizikhungo eziningi zaseRussia, zaseJalimane naseMelika. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-University of John Hopkins, usonkontileka omkhulu wesakhiwo esikhulu sezempi - izimboni zezifundazwe ngomsebenzi wokucwaninga nowentuthuko.
Izinqubomgomo zivimbele ukwenqatshwa kwi-visa yokungena. Njengoba uMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseRussia wachaza, igama likanobhala wombuso wase-US wangaphambilini waseYurophu nase-Europe kwenziwa ohlwini olubukhali oludonswayo oludonswa ekuphenduleni unswinyo lwaseMelika.