I-Biograge
UThomas Wolfe ubhekisa eCohort of the bars 'isizukulwane esilahlekile ", ungumbhali weRomanov, isigubhu, izindaba nobudala. AN AMERICEN, owayehlala engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, waduma ngesitayela sawo sokuqala, emisebenzini yawo ehlanganisa ngokuvumelanayo, izinkondlo ze-lyrics kanye nokuqonda okumnandi.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography kaThomas Clayiton Wolf yaqala ekwindla ngo-1900 e-US State of North Carolina. Wayeyindodana encane kunazo zonke kaWilliam Oliver noJulia Elizabeth - abamele ubuzwe bamaJuda, abahlala edolobheni lase-Ashville futhi bakhulisa izingane eziyisishiyagalombili.
Ubaba wayeyinkosi yokusika ubuciko etsheni kanye nomnikazi webhizinisi lomngcwabo, umama wathenga izindlu zakudala eduzane futhi walithola indlu yokugibela. Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo iningi lesikhathi wayenakekela umzali, umngani wakhe ozinikele kakhulu wayekade enokho mfowethu odala.
Lapho esemncane, uThomas wayezithanda izincwadi, ikakhulukazi izincwadi zababhali zakudala. Esefinyelele eminyakeni engu-15, wangena eHulumeni University of State, wajoyina iklabhu yengxoxo, waqamba iNhlangano Yezilimi kanye nePhilanthropy, futhi wajoyina umuntu wabafundi, ogama lakhe lingu "PI KAPPA Fi".
Ngokweseluleko sothisha kanye nalabo afunda nabo ekilasini, abaseMelika abalotshwe ngokuhamba kwedrama, ukubuya kwakhe kwe-shut "ukubuya kukaBaka Gavin" Beka i-Amateur Educational Theatre.
Indawo ezungezile yaphawula ukuthi uWoolf wayenethalente lokubhala. Ukuyithuthukisa, le nsizwa yahlela iphephandaba labafundi futhi yabhala indatshana eyayinqoba le miklomelo. Ngo-1920, umbhali wesikhathi esizayo wathola iziqu ze-bachelor e-ART futhi waqhubeka nemfundo eHarvard University, eyayithathwa njengesikhungo esihle kakhulu semfundo sase-United States. Ngesikhathi esifushane, wadala uchungechunge lwemidlalo, ephumelele koprofesa ka-Baker kaGeorge Pier.
Ukuba yinkosi, ngo-1923, uThomas waya eNew York wazama ukuthengisa imisebenzi yakhe eBroadway. Izisulu zeFiasco, waphinde wabuyela othisha futhi ngesikhathi esithile wafundisa amanyuvesi emanyuvesi ngesiNgisi.
Ukudala
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wokudala, uWolfe akakwazanga ukunamathisela noma iyiphi idrama eqediwe. I-Theattrons yayijwayele ukuthuthukiswa okuguquguqukayo kwemicimbi, yesaba ivolumu. Lapho umdlalo "wamukelekile edolobheni lethu" wenqabile inhlangano yabaqondisi, umlobi wathola ngokungazelelwe ukuthi isitayela sakhe silungele iprosese yezobuciko. Waya eYurophu eyokhuthaza futhi abhale.
Umsebenzi wokuqala obalulekile kwakuyi-autobiography yokuthi "bheka ikhaya lakho, ingelosi." Ngefomu lesiqabelelo sezincwadi, uThomas wachaza umlando womndeni wakhe. Umbhalo wesandla ushaye izandla zomhleli, owayesebenza noFrancis Scott Ficezgerald nase-Ernest Hemingway. Ngemuva kokufunda amakhasi angaphezu kwenkulungwane, ama-Maxwell Perkins ancishisiwe futhi ashicilele inoveli kuma-crarbner adumile aseMelika uCharles Publishing.
Lo msebenzi waba ngumthengisi eJalimane nase-United Kingdom, yize izithombe zabamele izihlobo zeGantt zabangela ukuncishiswa kwezihlobo. Udadewethu osekhulile ulinganise kuphela umlobi womlobi, emyalezweni wancoma umzalwane ukuba angalibheki ngombono wokuphumula.
Umkhiqizo wokudabuka uletha uThomas Fame kanye ne-hudegenheim's Scholarship. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, waphothula emsebenzini nge-Epic e-Epic yeVolumu ehlukahlukene "ngo-Okthoba Fair". Njengoba uke wabheka amandla omsebenzi, wethula umhlaba owodwa kuphela, obizwa nge- "Mayelana nesikhathi nomfula" we-prototypes wabalingiswa abaphambili abeyinkosikazi ka-Alina Bernstein kanye ne-Ejenti Yemibhalo Maxim Lieber.
Izingxabano ezaqubuka ezungeze inoveli entsha, i-Wolf ekhuthazelwe ukuqeda inkontileka nomhleli, inikeze ingcindezi eqinile kuye, futhi yathatha ingcindezi enkulu eYurophu ekufuneni imibono emisha. Ngesikhathi sohambo, wabona amacala okubandlululwa kwamaJuda, ekubuyeleni e-United States of America, onolwazi ngekusasa labangane abaningi eza.
Umuzwa wokudumaza imibono yamaNazi okuhloswe ngawo abameleli bezizwe ezahlukahlukene, waboniswa endabeni ethi "Ikhaya Akukho ukubuya", kumenyezelwe kumagazini "New Republic". Izincwadi zikaThomas zavinjelwa emazweni amaningi asekelwa u-Adolf Hitler. Umlobi naye akazange anconywe ukuba avele emhlabeni wase-Austrian nowaseJalimane.
Ngonyaka, impisi yasebenza emisebenzini emisha. Ngo-1937, i-bibliography yagcwaliswa ngethegi ye- "chichethogue" enikezelwe empini yombango e-United States of America.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1925, ubuya ekuhambeni eYurophu, uWolfe wahlangana no-Alina Bernstine - isimo seNew York Theatre Guild. Le ntokazi, eyayingumfazi wakwa-Exchanger futhi yayinabantwana ababili, yayimdala kunabo bonke abaneminyaka engu-19 ubudala, kepha lokhu akuzange kumvimbele empilweni yakhe.
Inoveli, eyathatha iminyaka emi-5, ekuzimiseleni kwabamele bocansi olungile. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwane obunobungani ababili abathandi bagcina ukuphela. Owesifazane wenza njengendima endimeni yemnyuziyamu, umfundi kanye nomxhasi oyinhloko. Waba yi-prototype heroin roman "Bheka ikhaya lakho, ingelosi", kanye nokuphefumlelwa kwemisebenzi "ngesikhathi nangoMfula" kanye "neWebhu kanye neDwala".
Ngaphambi kokuthi uye kubani, ugula kakhulu, uTomase obizwa ngokuthi umngani. Uthe, naphezu kwalezi zimo, akayeki ukuthanda. Ngemuva kokufa kwe-Wolfe, kwaziwa ukuthi uBernstine wayenobhaliwe nemibhalo yesandla, lona wesifazane wabagcina bebonisa injabulo yenjabulo, okwakunzima ukukhohlwa.
Ukushona
Ngo-1938, uphetha inkontileka enomhleli u-Edward asoull futhi udlulisele umbhalo wesandla wemisebenzi engashicilelwe, uWolle waya kuhambo ezindaweni zaseNtshonalanga. E-DAIRY, waphawula ukuthi uzosuka ezinkingeni zomndeni wakhe futhi azungeze futhi ecabanga emhlabeni jikelele ukuveza umhlaba.
Amasu azomiswa ukuthi afezeke, ngoba uThomas wayebanda emgwaqweni futhi wachitha isikhathi eside ezibhedlela ngokuxilongwa yi-pneumonia. Umlobi wawela e-coma, ngoba lesi sifo saba nomthelela wobuchopho. Odokotela ngangokunokwenzeka balwa nokuphila kombhali wamanoveli we-autobiographical, kodwa imbangela yokufa ngoSepthemba 1938 kwakuyi-tuberculosis.
Ngaphambi kokushona kukaWolfe, ngathumela umyalezo kuMax Perkins wambonga ngokubambisana. Umbhali wabona ukubaluleka kwesihleli sempumelelo yemisebenzi yasekuqaleni.
Ngemuva kokuba isidumbu sithathwe emathuneni aseRiverside futhi sangcwatshwa ethuneni eliseceleni kwezihlobo ezifile, izazi zezinhlamvu ezinesifutho esinezibuyekezo ezikhohlisayo zibhala izintatheli ezivela emadolobheni ahlukahlukene.
I-Bibliography
- 1921 - "Izintaba"
- 1922 - "Siyakwamukela Edolobheni Lethu"
- Ngo-1929 - "Bheka ikhaya lakho, ingelosi"
- Ngo-1935 - "Ngesikhathi nangoMfula"
- Ngo-1935 - "Kusuka ekufeni kuze kube sekuseni"
- 1939 - "Web kanye Rock"
- 1940 - Akukho Buyela Ekhaya »
- 1941 - "Amagquma"
- 1948 - "Indlu Yokuvimbela"
Izics
- Ngo-1961 - "Bheka ikhaya lakho, ingelosi"
- 1972 - "Ukukhumbula ihlobo eBerlin"
- Ngo-1979 - "Ayikho Ibuyela Ekhaya"
- 2016 - "I-Genius"