I-Biograge
ULeonid Gaadai - Umqondisi weSoviet, umlingisi kanye nombhali wesikrini owanikezwa isihloko somculi wabantu be-USSR ngo-1989. Uyaziwa, okokuqala, nabalingani bakhe ama-amafilimu, amaningi angena emchweni wamafilimu afuywayo afuywayo. Imidwebo yakhe "yokusebenza" kwezinye izindawo zaseShurika "," abathunjiwe baseCaucasian, noma ukufika okusha kweShurika "," I-Diamond Sund "," u-Ivan Vasilyevich eshintsha umsebenzi "kanye" nezihlalo eziyi-12 ".
Inganekwane yesikhathi esizayo ye-cinema yasekhaya yazalelwa edolobhaneni lamahhala, elisendaweni ye-Amur. Kepha wayengakabimi futhi eneminyaka emingaki umndeni wathuthela ekukhohliseni, bese uya e-Irkutsk, lapho ukudlula kwengane yeLeonid. Wakhula enezingane ezimbili eziphezulu - uMfoweth 'u-Alexander nodadewabo ka-Agasti. Ngendlela, abazali bakaGula kwakungabasebenzi abalula abakhonza ujantshi. Ngasikhathi sinye, uLeonid, owaphothula esikoleni sesitimela ngosuku lwale mpi, wafunda umnyango.
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, uLeonid Gaadai wazibheka ngokwakhe isiRussia, kodwa uYise womqondisi wasibiza ngokuthi uJes ISidovich, esasibhala ezimpandeni zamaSemite zomqondisi. Ngokwamanye imithombo, ubaba kaLeonid Gaaday wayesuka e-Ukraine, futhi umqondisi ngokwakhe akazange athathwe njengomJuda, ngoba ifa lalesi sizwe lidluliselwa ngumama.
ULeonid wazama ukuya kwivolontiya ephambili, kodwa ngenxa yeminyaka, le nsizwa ayizange ithathe. UGaidai uthole umkhanyiso e-Moscow Satira Theatre yaseshashalazini, eyayikade ngaleso sikhathi e-Irkutsk ekuhambeni. Ngemuva konyaka, insizwa ethile yahlanganiswa, kodwa yaqala yathumela ukuyokhonza eMongolia ethule. ULeonid wathukuthela yilokhu, ezungeza njalo ukuhumusha ngaphambili.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kwenzeka isigameko esinelukuluku, ngendlela eshintshiwe eyafika ezikrinini ze-cinema kamuva. I-Militial Commirk ibifuna amavolontiya ukuyodlulisela ezindaweni ezishisayo nakombuzo ngamunye "okwi-artillery?", "Emithunzini?" UGaidai wamemeza "Mina". Ngemuva kwalokho iphoyisa lathi le nkulumo edumile ngemuva kwalokho "linda!" Makumemezele lonke uhlu! "
Ngenxa yalokhu, u-Leonid Gaaday wadluliselwa eKalininsky Direction to Printence, lapho Wayenobuqhawe uqobo ngesikhathi esisodwa sezimpi, kamuva walimala kakhulu, eza ngemayini yesitha. Insizwa yezenzelo, futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi ibisemuva.
Ngemuva kokunqoba okukhulu, uGaidai athweswe iziqu e-Irkutsk Theatre studio. Kusetshenziswe okuncane emshadweni weshashalazi ngumlingisi kanye nekhazikhambi, wabe eseya eMoscow ukunqoba i-vgik, lapho angena khona kwi-Direct Fatty.
Amafilimu
Ku-movie uLeonid Gaidai wakhipha imali yakhe ngo-1955, futhi njengomlingisi. U-Leonid Gaidai wadlala u-Aleshka ku "Lyyana" amahlaya. Kepha i-biography esebenzayo yeGaiday ayizange ibuze ukuthi ubungeke uthini ngomsebenzi ngakolunye uhlangothi lwekhamera. Ngemuva konyaka kamuva, uLeonid Gaidai wenza i-destut ye-Director futhi akhiqize ifilimu elimangalisayo "indlela ende". Lesi sithombe saphawulwa nguMound odumile uMikhail Romm, ngandlela thile emshadweni ohlanzekile wakwazi ukubheka njengediphozithi ye-caiday comeday. KwakunguRomm owayeluleke uLeonid Iovich ukubheka uhlobo oluhlekisayo.Ngemuva kwalokho uGaidai ukhipha itheyithi ye-Saterical 'yoMkhwenyana ovela emhlabeni', ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wacishe walahleka. Ukusuka kwifilimu ngemuva kokucwaninga, kwakungekho ngxenye, kepha ngisho nangemva kokusika okunjalo ngomusa, umqondisi wokuqala wenqatshelwe ukudubula. Ngemuva kwalokho uGaidai ngesikhathi sokuqala nasekugcineni ngabhekana ne-Mosfilm: Wenza idrama engomuzwa ngeSteamer "Riseline amahlandla amathathu", ngenxa yalokho avunyelwa ukuthi asebenze ngokwengeziwe. Kepha umqondisi wale filimu ngokwakhe wakhanya kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe.
Ngo-1961, ususa amafilimu amafushane "inja barbos nesiphambano esingajwayelekile" kanye ne- "moononshoes", eletha inkazimulo yothando lwezinhlamvu hhayi kuphela nguMqondisi, ama-balbete kanye ne-george UVicin, uYuri Nikulina no-Evgenia Morgunov.
Ukubeka inoveli embalwa ye-Arican Hoostist O'Henry ekupendweni kwe-Paint ", uGaidai ubuyela eSoviet, anikeze izilaleli ngomunye umdwebo wokungafi", "abathunjwa beCaucasian, noma Ukufika okusha kweSchurik "," I-Diamond Patter "," u-Ivan Vasilyevich kuguqula umsebenzi "," akunakuba! ". Lawa mafilimu aba ubuso be-cinema yaseSoviet ezizukulwaneni ezalandela.
Ngawo-1970, umqondisi waphinde waphendukela ezincwadini, kodwa kulokhu emthonjeni wakhe. ULeonid Gaidai wavikela imisebenzi yakudala yababhali baseRussia: U-Ilya Ilf no-Evgenia Petrova, uMikhail Bulgakov, uMikhail Zoshchenko noNikolai Gogol. Ngakho-ke elinye iDayimane livela ekuqoqweni kweLeonid Gaaday: Izihlalo ezidumile zamahlaya "ayi-12".
Ngendlela, uLeonid Gaadai ngokwakhe wavela kumafilimu akhe ngeziqephu ezincane. Indima enkulu kakhulu i-Archivist yama-warfolomes amabhokisi athi "izihlalo eziyi-12". Ngeminyaka yama-1980s, umqondisi wenza elinye i-classical amahlaya "SportLoto-82", futhi waqasha ukukhishwa okuningi kweFilmalman "Fitil".
Ngo-1989, uLeonid Gaidai wathola isihloko somculi wabantu be-USSR.
Imisebenzi yokugcina kaLenid Gaadai yayingumdwebo we-perestroika "umfutho wangasese, noma ukusebenza kahle" kanye "nesimo sezulu esihle ku-deribasovskaya, noma izimvula zizobe zidlala indima enkulu.
Kuhle ukwengeza ukuthi umqondisi odumile wawulondoloze kakhulu ekukhetheni kwalaba bantu. Iningi labaculi lahlelwa kuye kaningi. Isibonelo, uGeorge Vicin, uVictor Uralsky, uSergey Filippov noNina Golshikow bavele emibhalweni yakhe cishe izikhathi eziyi-10. Futhi uGaidai wayethanda ukusebenza noNatalia Krachkovskaya, u-Alexander Demyanenko noLeonid Kuravlev.
Futhi, imininingwane ebonakalayo yamafilimu yaba izingoma ezenza izinhlamvu zekhathuni. I-Cultny ngenxa yokubonakala kumafilimu ama-GAADAI waba "iculo mayelana neZaitsev", okuyi-Hero licula iYuri Nikulina e-Royal Pyr "," u-Ivan Vasilyevich ushintsha umsebenzi "noma" Hlikihla umhlane wamabhere mayelana ne-Axis Earth ", ehlekisa umlingiswa ophambili we-Painting" abathunjiwe, noma ama-adventures amasha eShurik ".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomlingani wakhe wesikhathi esizayo, umlingisi nguNina Golshchik, uLeonid Gaidai wahlangana noVgika - le ntombazane yayifunda naye ekilasini. Bashade ngo-1953 futhi bahlala ndawonye iminyaka engama-40. By the way, umqondisi wacasukile ukuthi umlingani enqaba ngokusemthethweni athathe igama lakhe lokugcina, kodwa uGolshkova wachaza ukwenqaba kwakhe iqiniso lokuthi akucaciswanga ngokushesha - indoda noma owesifazane ocashe ngaphansi kwegama elithi Gaidai, kanye nomlingisi kubalulekile.
Indodakazi yendodakazi ka-Okana yazalwa emndenini, kamuva eyayiletha umzukulu kaLeonid noNina u-Olga.
Ukushona
EMINYAKENI yokugcina uLeonid Gaadai azilimaze. Wayenenxeba elingaphuluki emlenzeni, bese kuba khona umlutha wokubhema komqondisi waqala ukuphazamisa ipheshana lokuphefumula. Ngo-1993, umqondisi wagula ngokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu, wangena esibhedlela, lapho ashone khona esithandweni se-thromboembolism we-pulmonary artery. Ukungcwatshwa emathuneni aseKuntsevsky eMoscow.
Ngokukhumbula i-Leonid Guidai, i-cinema edolobheni lasekhaya lesifunda samahhala se-Amur yaqanjwa igama lakhe, kanye nesikhumbuzo somqondisi sasungulwa. IGama Guide yanikezwa i-cinema enkulu kunazo zonke ye-Irkutsk, futhi i-Plaque enhle yesikhumbuzo itholakala endlini lapho umqondisi wefilimu ekhula khona. Futhi, amabhodi eSikhumbuzo avele esikoleni, lapho umqondisi wefilimu afunda khona, lapho kwakhiwa khona isikole No. 49, lapho uMqondisi waphathwa esibhedlela kule mpi, futhi ekhaya 5, Izidumbu 1 eMoscow Street Chernyakhavskyky, lapho uLeonid Gaadai ahlala khona ngemuva kokuthuthela eMoscow.
Ngo-2010, isikhumbuzo esiya eLeonid Gaaday savela nge-perm - Ukwakheka okubandayo "okunesihluku, ama-balbes kanye namaqhawe amathathu adumile omqondisi wefilimu, owayehamba esuka kwifilimu, efakwe phambi kwefilimu, efakwe phambi kwefilimu, efakwe phambi kwefilimu. I-Cinema. Amaqhawe amathathu ahlehlisiwe aboniswa ekukhuleni okugcwele, ngokunyakaza, ngaphandle kwesisekelo, ngakho-ke hlanganisa nesixuku lapho abantu bezungeza i-cinema.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, kwavulwa ukwakheka okunjalo e-Irkutsk. Kepha lapha, ngaphandle kukaZiqu-zintathu odumile, uLeonid Gaadai uqobo waya esihlalweni somqondisi.
Ungakhohliwe ngenganekwane yama-movie waseSoviet naseMoscow - esinye sezigcawu edolobheni laseMosfilm libizwa ngokuthi uLeonid Gaiday.
Izics
- Ngo-1961 - "Inja Barbos Nesiphambano Esingajwayelekile"
- Ngo-1965 - "Ukusebenza" s "nezinye izinto zeShurik"
- Ngo-1966 - "Abathunjwa beCaucasian, noma ukufika okusha kweShurik"
- 1968 - "I-Diamond Hand"
- 1971 - "Izihlalo eziyi-12
- Ngo-1973 - "U-Ivan Vasilyevich uguqula ubungcweti"
- Ngo-1975 - "Ngeke!"
- 1982 - "SportLoto-82"
- Ngo-1989 - "Umseshi wangasese, noma ukusebenza"
- Ngo-1992 - "Ku-Deribasovskaya, isimo sezulu esihle, noma eBrighton Beach futhi kuza imvula"