I-Biograge
Okwesikhathi saseSoviet, abaculi abaningana abababazekayo bavele esiteji, kodwa igama lika-Arkady Raykin yindlu enkulu. I-Hurlist yaphenduka inkosi ebabahlekisayo yezilonalo ezihlekisayo, ezazingesabi ukuzihlekisa ngesibindi ngemikhuba yabantu, kanye nomlingisi onekhono, futhi asungule enye yezinsuku zeshashalazi ezidume kakhulu zaseMoscow - Satirikon.
U-Arkady wazalelwa eRiga ngo-1911. Ubaba womculi u-Isaac DeAdovich wayengumsebenzi wePort, futhi umama ka-Elizabeth Borisovna wayeganwe emnothweni, ngoba umndeni wawumkhulu impela. Ngaphezu kwe-Arkashi, abazali bakhula nendodana kaMax namadodakazi amabili - uBella noSophia.
Ngokuqala kwempi yezwe yokuqala, uRykina wathuthela eRybinsk, wabe esehlala eSt. Petersburg. Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala, i-Arkady yaqala ukuthandana nethiyetha. Omunye umfana oneminyaka emi-4 ubudala u-Arcasha wahlela ezakhe imibono nezingane egcekeni, naseNorth Palmir wayengumlutha wokuya eshashalazini yesehlakalo seDrama. Ukuthenga amathikithi, umfana uthengise ngasese izincwadi zokubhalela nezincwadi, lapho ethola khona induku evela kuyise.
Isifiso somunye umfana sasidweba. Ezifundweni zobuciko obuhle, umfana washaya uthisha njengenqubo kanye nokujula komcabango. I-Arkady ayikwazanga ukunquma ukuthi uzokhetha kanjani umsebenzi - umdwebi noma umlingisi. Futhi yize abazali babelungiselelwe ngokwesigaba ngokumelene nethiyetha, le nsizwa isaqhubeka yakhetha le ndlela.
Ngenkathi uRykin engena kwikhono elisebenza ngokukhokhiswa eLeningrad Institute of Stage Artitute, kwaqubuka ihlazo, futhi u-Arkady kwadingeka ahlukane nomndeni wakhe isikhathi eside futhi aphume endlini. Ngemuva kweNyuvesi, umculi wangena enkundleni yemidlalo yokusebenza kwabantu abasha, kamuva waqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi imidlalo yaseshashalazini yeLeninsky Komsomol. Namuhla, amaPhetrofini ayazi le ndawo njengoMkhosi "Weartic House" Theatre.
Ithiyeta
Omunye umfundi u-Arkady Raykin waqala ukukhuluma namakhonsathi ezinganeni. Abafana ngentshiseko babona izinombolo zomculi abanodoli uMinka, i-potefon, izingulube ezivuthayo. Ukuqashelwa kokuqala kweza kuye ngo-1939, lapho uRaykin ewina umncintiswano wokuqala wabaculi be-pop. URykin wethule enkantolo yababukeli bomdanso kanye namakamelo okulingisa "Chaplin" nelithi "ibhere" futhi wabangela isikwadi.
Emva kwalokho, impumelelo ka-Arkady iya eTroupE ye-Leningrad Theatre yesiteji nasezinsini, lapho iqala khona okokuqala ngendawo ebiyelwe, icisha amakamelo akhe, bese iba ngumqondisi wobuciko beshashalazi.
Kamuva, uMikhail zhvanetsky wabiza u-Arkady raykin kumdlali omuhle omuhle owakha iqembu lakhe futhi wafuna ukuvela ozakwabo ukuba badlale futhi basebenze, kepha hhayi amaphuzu. Umculi wayehlala ethatha le ndima futhi akazange abekezelele usongo lwesimo.
Injabulo
Ngemuva kwempi, uRykin wadala izinhlelo zeshashalazini "enkomishini yetiye", "Musa ukudlula", "ngokukhululekile". Ukusebenza okujwayelekile komculi emsakazweni nakuthelevishini, okuqoshiwe okulalelwayo kwama-monologies kanye nama-miniature athandwa ngumphakathi. Impumelelo ekhethekile ibangelwa yilezo zinombolo zezemidlalo zomdlali, lapho i-race ishintsha ngokushesha ukubukeka futhi yakha uchungechunge lwezithombe ezahlukahlukene.Imali ye-monaligists ebhalwe ngu-Arkady Isaakovich, futhi izithombe ezenziwe nguye ngokukhuluma ziba yi-amplulaa, zinqobe izinhliziyo futhi unqobe uthando lwabalaleli. Ababukeli abaningi kanye nababukeli emahholo khumbula futhi ngomhlangano omusha kunabaculi abasebasha abane-avations. Ngaphandle kokuhlala isikhathi eside esigabeni se-novice amahlaya, i-Arkady Isaakovich ithola inkazimulo yohlobo lwe-maestro lokuphindukuzalwa okuhle. Enye yezinsimu ezidume kakhulu iba yinombolo "ehholo lamaGrikhi".
Ithalente lomculi lalilinganiselwa zombili ama-macrotatriots kanye nababukeli bakwamanye amazwe. Ngo-1965, kanye ne-Troupe ye-Arkady Isakov eyadalwa nguYe, iya eNgilandi, lapho amakhonsathi e-Troupe athola khona ukubuyekezwa okufudumele.
Umdwebi wasebenzisana nabanye osebenza nabo. Isibonelo, ukuvakasha e-Odessa, u-Arkady Raykin wahlangana namahlaya amancane uMikhail Zhvanetsky, Roman Karteva, Viktor Ilchenko kanye Lyudmila Gvozdikov. Ngokubambisana, abadwebi bakha izigcawu eziningi ezikhumbulekayo ze-POP, lapho uhlelo "traffic" lwaludume kakhulu.
Njengabantu ababephila nge-Arkady Rykin bakhunjulwa kaninginingi, amaHoristist cishe ayengukuphela komuntu onzima ngaleso sikhathi esiba nesibindi sokukhombisa obala esiteji, njengamandla nokuvunyelwa kokuphana.
Ama-miniature ahlekisayo ahlukile emibhalweni yozakwabo abanomlilo okhethekile obukhulu kanye nobukhali, kepha ngasikhathi sinye amahlaya ahlala ekhetha ngokucophelela amagama elonalogies futhi, aqhathaniswa nohlolo oluhlakaniphile futhi olulungile.
Kepha, naphezu kokunemba okukhethekile kweSatira Raikina, iqembu eliphakeme ledolobha laseNeva alizange liyazisa imizamo nokwakheka kweqembu. Idolobha lapho inkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi yalesi sigaba kanye ne-miniature ayizange iwuthathe umsebenzi wenhlamvu emelelwa ubuholi bayo, futhi ngaphandle kwalolobo ubudlelwano obunzima beluchitheke ngokungalawuleki. Umculi wazibuza eLeonid Ilsich Brezhnev imvume yokuthuthela eMoscow. Imvume yomculi ayitholile futhi yahambisa i-Troupe yakhe eMoscow, lapho abalandela i-Leningrad Theatre ye-Estrada kanti kungekudala kwaba yi-State Theatreniature.
Iningi lemithombo libonisa ukuthi i-Arkady Isaakovich "ithuthwe" eMoscow eyakhe yaseshashalazini futhi yaqamba kabusha ithitale uqobo kwimidlalo yaseshashalazini encane. Kepha kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi ngemuva kwekhanda le-Leningrad Theatre ne-Troupe yakhe yathuthela enhlokodolobha, i-Leningrad Theatre yesiteji kanye ne-miniature ayiyekanga ukusebenza, ikakhulukazi njengoba imidlalo yaseshashalazini iyaqhubeka nokusebenza namhlanje.
EMoscow, abaculi be-Arkady Rykin Theatre, kanye ne-Hurisist ngokwakhe baqhubeka nokwenza izinkulumo, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu i-State Thether Notiature yathola igama lesilonathi "satirikon", okuyindlela yaseshashalazini kuze kube namuhla. Namuhla, umholi wezobuciko kule midlalo yaseshashalazini yindodana ka-Arkady Rykin - konstantin rikin.
Amafilimu
Umsebenzi kwifilimu i-Arkady Rykin ayiphumeleli kangako kuneshashalazi, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni. Ngisho nangaphambi kwempi, umlingisi ubeke inkanyezi eziqeshini zamafilimu "okokuqala uPlatoon", "iminyaka evuthayo" kanye "noDkt. Kalyuzhny" kanye "noVar. Chkalov", futhi eDolery Chkalov "yadala isithombe sentatheli yaseMelika.
Ukunakwa okwengeziwe njengoba umlingisi wefilimu uRaikin waqala ukuheha lapho isikrini siqala ukudlulisa iziza zalo ze-ishmaty. Othandwayo futhi obabazekayo weza inoveli "thina nami sihlangane endaweni ethile", umculo othokozisayo "izolo, namuhla futhi njalo" nendaba yamahlaya "yobuciko bezobuciko". Kepha amafilimu adume kakhulu wohlobo olunjalo amaqoqo elonalogies "abantu kanye ne-mannequins" kanye "nendlu yabantu".
Futhi u-Arkady Isaakovich wabamba iqhaza kumakhonsathi we-movie kaNcibijane. Umculo wawubonakala ngokukhethekile. "Lapho iculo lingangeni ...", ikhonsathi "amahora amabili ngaphambili" kanye "nezinganekwane zehlathi laseRussia."
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Indaba ethokozisayo kakhulu yabajwayelene ne-Arkady Rykin nomfazi wayo okuwukuphela kwenkosi uRufer Markov Ioffe, uLaskovo wabiza amaRoma. Okokuqala ngqa i-Arkady yambona ngisho nomfana lapho enza nge-amateur yesikole ekhonsathini. Kamuva waphinda wahlangana nentombazane emgwaqweni, kodwa futhi akazange athathe isinqumo sokuhlangana. Futhi eminyakeni eminingi kuphela kamuva, lapho i-Arkady isivele iqede iNyuvesi, emakamelweni okudlela abafundi, abantu abasha baphinde bashayisana bavuma ukuya kuma-movie. Ngemuva kweseshini, uRykin wenza isiphakamiso.
Abathandi bashada ngo-1935, futhi ngokushesha indodakazi kaCatherine yavela emndenini, okuzoba ngumfazi wabalingisi abathathu abadumile - uMikhail Derzhavin, uYuri Yakovleva noVladimir Koval. Indodana ka-Arkadi noRuthe, uKonstantin Raykin, yena uqobo waba ngumculi odumile futhi wahola ubuchopho bakhe - uSatirikon Theatre.
Unkosikazi wakhe u-Arkady Isakovich waphila umphefumulo emphefumulweni ngaphandle kweminyaka emincane engama-50. Ubudlelwano nabafazi bomlingisi baba yisibonelo sabo bobabili abantwana babo kanye nalowo wonke umuntu owayazi lo mbhangqwana omuhle.
Ukushona
U-Arkady Raykin cishe impilo yakhe yonke kwakungumuntu obuhlungu. Eminye iminyaka engu-13, umculi wesikhathi esizayo wahamba kakhulu endodeni, ethola i-angina embi kangangokuba odokotela babenethemba - umfana ngeke asinde. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, lesi sifo sabuya, futhi odokotela baphinde behlisa izandla zabo. Ngaleso sikhashana kwaba nenhlanhla yokuthi umkhwe kababa waphikelela ekusebenzeni okungathandeki - ukususwa okuhle. URaykin wasinda, kepha unomphela wathola i-Jehelfut.
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, umlingisi wahlushwa isifo sikaParkinson, lapho ukunyakaza kwakhe, isimo sobuso kanye nenkulumo. Noma kunjalo, umculi ngamunye wethu wavakashela inkundla yaseshashalazini yasendabuko futhi wadlula ebhizinisini leNdodana, alithandayo.
U-Arkady Isaakovich Rykin ushone ngoDisemba 17, 1987 emiphumeleni ye-Jeheumloard. NgoDisemba 20, abadlali bangcwatshwa emathuneni eNovodevichy, esigabeni seshumi.
Ngo-2002, i-Leningrad Theatre yesiteji nasekuncane, umqondisi wezobuciko iminyaka engama-40 esebenza u-Arkady Raykin, wabela igama lomculi. Kusukela ngo-2008, umdwebi we-Astrada ogama lakhe lingu-Arkady Raykin, isigaba esidumile sesigaba kanye nama-clown yuri Galtsev waba ngumculi. Kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yaseshashalazini, kanye namaphosta kanye nencazelo yeshashalazi, i-biography ye-Arcadia Raikina nayo yathumela. Umdwebi ubizwa ngokuthi inkathi emlandweni wethiyetha.
Ngokumangazayo, umculi odumile akakasunguli itshe lesikhumbuzo kunoma ngubani eMoscow, noma eSt. Petersburg, ngaphandle kwesikhumbuzo esinama-masks e-NovoDevichy Cemetery. Yize iziphathimandla zedolobha elikhulu zithembisa ukulungela lo mbumbulu emuva ngo-2016.
Izics
- Ngo-1939 - "UDkt Kalyuzhny"
- 1941 - "UValery Chkalov"
- 1942 - "Ikhonsathi ngaphambili"
- 1954 - "Sihlangane kwenye indawo"
- Ngo-1964 - "Lapho iculo lingakhiphi"
- Ngo-1966 - "Izinganekwane zehlathi laseRussia"
- Ngo-1969 - "Izolo, namuhla futhi njalo"
- 1970 - "Amandla omlingo wobuciko"
- 1974 - "Abantu kanye neMannequins"
- 1987 - "Umhlaba Wendlu Yakho"