I-Biograge
UGalina Vishnevskaya - Umculi weSoviet Opera odumile one-soprano yezwi ecula, soloist of the bolshoi theatre ye-SSR Union kanye nomculi wabantu be-USSR. Ngaphezu kwesigameko somculo, uGalina Pavlovna unikele ngamakhono alo njengomlingisi, umqondisi wethiyetha kanye nothisha, kanye nenhloko yeSikhungo Somsebenzi we-Opera ukucula. Ithalente nobuhlungu umsebenzi wokudala wabahlabeleli wabona ngokusemthethweni.
Umculi omkhulu we-opera waseRussia Pavlovna Vishnevskaya wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 1926 eLeningrad. Umculi we-opera wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa enogama elithi Ivanova. Ubuntwana kanye nentsha yesikhathi esizayo ye-Perma ye-Bolshoi Theatre kanye nomculi, onqoba ithalente lakhe labalandeli be-Opera emhlabeni wonke, babe nzima kakhulu.
Abazali bakaGalina Ivanova bahlukanisa lapho eseyingane. Umthwalo wokukhuliswa intombazane encane bashintshela kugogo, umama kayise. Njengoba uGalina Pavlovna kamuva avuma, abazali bebelokhu bekubantu. Ubaba ucindezele ngaphambi kwempi. Le ntombazane yabamba ubuntwana bakhe kanye neminyaka yobusha eKronstadt, lapho ahlangana khona nempi ebolayo. Ngokuqondene nobudlelwano phakathi kukaGalina Ivanova nonina, ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kweminyaka engu-13 ubudala, lokhu kumane kwakungazi indodakazi yakhe emhlanganweni.
E-16, uGalina Ivanova wahlala yedwa - ugogo akazange asinde evinjiwe futhi efa. Intombazane yathatha ingxenye yezokuvikela umoya. Ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi wayenezwi elihle. Ngakho-ke, u-Ivanov wayevame ukubandakanyeka kumakhonsathi wabavikeli. Wahlabelela emikhunjini, ezibhedlela nasezimpini. Ngemuva konyaka, intombazane eneminyaka engu-17 yathatha umsebenzi eVyborg House yesiko, lapho asebenza khona njengesikhanyitho esizayo.
Ekupheleni kwempi, umsebenzi wesikole somculo eVyborg waqala kabusha. UGalina, owayephupha kudala uDavide wathuthukisa ama-vocals, ngokushesha wafunda. Ngemuva kokuthi ibhulokhi isuswe, umculi osemusha wamukelwa ekwathini ye-Leningrad Theatre Operetta. Ngokushesha wabethemba amaqembu edwa.
Umculo
UGalina Vishnevskaya Carter emkhakheni waseGalina (ngaleso sikhathi wayesekwazi ukushada nomatilosi, ashiye kubani igama lakhe elihle) wayengu-1952. Umculi osemusha wezwa ngomncintiswano owawubanjelwe yimidlalo yaseshashalazini enkulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uVishnevskaya wayengenayo imfundo yomculo wakudala, wafaka engcupheni futhi wamenyelwa enduneni.
Cishe ngokushesha, umphathi ophethe osemusha wanikezwa enye yamaqembu amakhulu e-Opera "Fidelio" - ama-Leonors. Abahlonishwayo be-Opera becula ngokushesha babonga ngokushesha ithalente nedatha yezwi elimangalisayo likaGalina Vishnevskaya. Ngokushesha waphenduka abe yi-BT. Amaqembu amakhulu alandelwa e "Eugene One Ginenath", "Aida", "Impi nezwe", "Isimenywa Setshe" kanye "ne" Longroline ".
Ngo-1950-60, i-biography yokudala yaseGalina Vishnevskaya yayiphumelele kakhulu. I-Prima BT ivakashele uhambo lokuvakasha eMelika, eLondon naseMilan, lapho inkanyezi yeSoviet Opera yalalela izivakashi "Isevisi Yesimo" ne- "La Scala".
Ngo-1966, uVishnevskaya wenza isikweletu sakhe esikrinini. Udlale i-heroine eyinhloko yeFilm-Opera "Katerina IzbangOV", isethwe emculweni we-Dmitry Shostakovich. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Opera Star Externus yathola imfundo ephakeme eMoscow Conservatory.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960s, uCombraker Galina Vishnevskaya ngokushesha wehla. Lokhu kwandulelwa ukwesekwa kukaGalina Pavlovna kanye nomyeni wakhe uMstislav Rostropovich's Solzhevyn, abakhishwe ngaphandle kwababhali benyunyana. Igama likaVishnevskoy layeka ukusho emaphephandabeni, konke ukuvakasha kwalo kukhanseliwe futhi akuvumeli ukurekhoda amapuleti amasha.
UGalina Vishnevskaya wancenga umngane womshado ukushiya phesheya, lapho babethanda khona futhi bancoma ubuhlakani babo. Owokuqala entwasahlobo ka-1974 wasuka eRostropovich. Ngemuva Kwakhe, kukhishwe ukuhamba njengohambo lwebhizinisi olude, uGalina Pavlovna wasala nezingane. Ekuqaleni, umndeni wamisa eFrance, wabe esehlala eMelika naseNgilandi. Ngemuva kweVishnevskaya neRostropovich bathenga izindlu eParis, bancishwa ukuba yisakhamuzi sabo e-USSR.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside, uGalina Vishnevskaya wenza ezigcawini ezinhle kakhulu zomhlaba. Iphuzu emsebenzini wakhe wabeka inkulumo yokugcina eParis "Grand Opera". Emva kwalokho, umculi wayeganwe emisebenzini yokufundisa, abeke eminye imisebenzi futhi wabhala ama-Memoiri. Incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi "uGalina" yaphuma eWashington. Kukhona i-Vishnevskaya emathoni angashisi ukuthi atshele umfundi ngempilo eRussia.
URostropovich noVishnevskaya babuyela ezweni lakubo ngeminyaka yama-1990s. Babuya yonke imivuzo ne-regalia, kanye nesakhamuzi. Kepha abamemukelanga. IVishnevskaya yashukumisela lokhu ngokuthi azange benqabe ukuba yizakhamuzi zaseRussia futhi akuzange kumcele ukuba abuye.
Kusukela ngo-1993, uGalina Pavlovna wakhonza enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi ebizwa nge- a. P. Chekhov. Ungene esiteji esigabeni esikhulu sokwenza imisebenzi eminingana.
Ngo-2002, umculi waqala ukuhola isikhungo saseMoscow ukuze icule i-Opera. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeSikhungo ibeke igama lendodakazi yesingeniso salowo mculi u-Olga Rostropovich, lapho owesifazane ekhuluma ngalo msebenzi walesi sikhungo, abiza lesi sikhungo se-Opera sempilo yonke yeVishnevskaya, kanye nephupho eliyinhloko le umculi.
UGalina Pavlovna wasebenza esikhungweni sawo se-Opera ecula izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Opera Diva yahola amakilasi amakhulu wombhali, amathikithi okuthengwa ngawo manjalo.
Esikrinini, izilaleli zabona u-Opera Diva ngonyaka we-2007 endimeni eholayo yemidwebo ka-Alexander Sokirov.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umshado wokuqala kaGalina u-Ivanovaya wenzeka lapho umculi eneminyaka engu-17. UGeorgy Vishnevsky waba ngumatilosi wezempi. Lo mshado uthathe izinyanga ezimbalwa nje zika-1944. Kuyena, uGalina washiya isibongo esimnandi.
Indoda yesibili kaVishnevskaya yaphenduka umqondisi omkhulu we-Leningrad Opera Theatre Mark Rubin. Ngo-1945, lo mbhangqwana wazalwa indodana ka-Ilya, owashona ebukancane. Umshado wathatha iminyaka eyi-10, kepha waphela ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlangana noGalina Pavlovna noMstiislav Rostropovich. Kwenzeka ngo-1955 ePrague Festival of The Youth. Ngokushesha abaculi bashada. Kwavela amadodakazi amabili emshadweni - u-Olga no-Elena.
Lo mbhangqwana we-Star wahlala ndawonye iminyaka engama-52. Impilo yomuntu siqu kaGalina Vishnevskaya eduze nomyeni wakhe onethalente futhi othandekayo wayejabule futhi ende.
Ngo-2009, kwashicilelwa incwadi eshicilelwe kwizikrini ezibizwa ngokuthi "ababili emhlabeni. UGalina Vishnevskaya noMstiislav Rostropovich, "ekhuluma indaba yothando lwe-Opera Diva nomqhubi wesifundo. Ifilimu lisuswa njengengxoxo phakathi kweGalina Vishnevskaya nendodakazi yakhe u-Olga Rostropovich. Esithombeni, abesifazane bazitha njengezinkumbulo, i-nostalgia kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-lyrical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe sihlanganisa ozimele namafilimu agcinwe embhedeni womndeni, kanye nezikhathi ezivela ekuqoqweni kwamakhonsathi abaculi.
IVishnevskaya ngeRostropovich yayingenazinkinga ngaphakathi komndeni, naphezu kwenoveli esheshayo nomshado osheshayo. Kepha umndeni wabhekana nezinkinga zangaphandle. Ngokubambisana, abaculi basinda ekushushisweni, bendawonye beshiya izingane zakubo, baya ekuthukeni futhi babuyela ezweni labo lokuzalwa.
Kepha namanje, engxoxweni, eyayifika eminyakeni engama-87 yomculi odumile, uGalina Pavlovna wathi noma ngabe wayenethuba, umculi wayengeke aphilise noma yini esiphephelweni sakhe.
Ukushona
UGalina Vishnevskaya ekuqaleni konyaka we-2012. Ngesikhathi sokufa wayeneminyaka engama-87. Njengoba odokotela bebika, imbangela yokufa yayingu "ukuqoqwa kwemvelo". UGalina Pavlovna wasinda kumyeni wakhe uMstislav Rostropovich iminyaka emi-5.
Ngemuva komngcwabo womzimba esontweni likaKristu uMsindisi, umculi wembelwa emathuneni aseNovodevichy.
Inhlangano
- 1953 - UTatiana e-Opera "Evgeny Oneginal" P. I. Tchaikovsky
- 1954 - Leonora e-Opera "Fidelio" L. van Beethoven
- Ngo-1955 - Kupava e-Opera "I-Snow Maiden" N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov
- Ngo-1957 - Katerina e-Opera "Ukuqubuka KweShrew" V. HEbabalina
- 1957 - Kerubino e-Opera Buff "Figarm figaro" V. Mozart
- 1957 - Uvemvane e-Opera "Chio-Chio-San" J. Pucchini
- 1959 - ULisa e-Opera "Peal Lady" P. I. Tchaikovsky
- Ngo-1959 - Natasha rostov e-Opera "War and World" S. S. S. S. PROHOFOFEEV
- Ngo-1962 - UDonna Anna e-Opera "Stone Guest" A. Dargomyzhskyk
- Ngo-1964 - UVioletta ku-Opera "Traviata" J. Verdi
- Ngo-1965 - I-Heroine e-Opera "Izwi Lomuntu" F. Pulenya
- Ngo-1970 - UMarfa ku-Opera "Tsarist Maride" N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov
- Ngo-1971 - IFloria TOSCA e-Opera "Tosca" J. Pucchini
- Ngo-1973 - UFrancesca e-Opera "Francesca da Rimini" S. Rakhmaninova
- Ngo-1974 - Polina e-Opera "Player" S. S. S. PROHOFEEV