I-Biograge
UStanley Kubrick ungumqondisi odumile waseMelika, umlobi wesikrini, umkhiqizi kanye nomunye wababenzi bamafuphi abanethonya kakhulu lekhulu le-XX. Izici zamafilimu akhe zinezinhlelo ezithile ezinkulu, ipani elingajwayelekile, ukusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile komculo we-classical.
I-biography yokudala yomqondisi ifaka imidwebo engu-16 eqediwe, iningi lazo lathola isimo senkolo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwifilimu ngalinye, ngaphandle kweSpartak, uStanley Kubrick wakhuluma ngokushesha emgodini wamahhashi amaningi, ehlanganisa umsebenzi woMqondisi, umkhiqizi, isimo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi opharetha.
UStanley Kubrick wazalelwa eNew York ehlobo lika-1928. Okhokho bakhe bangamaJuda avela embusweni wase-Austro-Hungary. Ubaba kaJakobe uKubrick wayevela empumalanga yeGalicia, wayengudokotela ohlinzayo owenziwa umsebenzi. Umama wabiza uGertrud Primer, uvela eBukovina, wayengowesifazane wasendlini. UStanley wakhulela eBronx. I-Kubricks ibingeyona inkolo, yize iqiniso lokuthi uGertrud noJakobe bashada ngamasiko amaJuda. Ubaba wafundisa amadodana akhe ukudlala chess lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala, futhi kusukela kuleso sikhathi uStanley wacishe wakhathazeka ngalo mdlalo.
Njengomfundi wezifundo eziphezulu, waba nesithakazelo emculweni waze waphupha ngokuba ngumculi we-jazz. Umama nobaba bamnikeze inkululeko, ngakho-ke uStanley wayehlala enza lokho ayekuthandayo.
Kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1945, i-cinematographper yesikhathi esizayo yafunda esikoleni esiphakeme. UWilliam Howard Taffeta. Esikoleni, akafundanga kahle, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, wehluleka ukuya ekolishi. Uthi wayengenasifiso sesikole esikoleni. Ngo-1946, uKubrick waqala ukuvakashela amakilasi okuhlwa ekolishi lendawo, kodwa ngokushesha wabaphonsa futhi waqala ukufuna umsebenzi. Ngo-1946, bheka umagazini wayithatha ukuba isebenze umthwebuli wezithombe, ngokushesha waba umagazini wezithombe njalo. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, uStanley wazungeza izwe lonke. Ukuhamba kwavuswa kuye ukuthola ulwazi. Futhi, le nsizwa yasebenza, idlala i-chess emakilabhini ahlukene Manhattan.
Amafilimu
Umsebenzi e-Cinematography Stanley Kubrick waqala ngo-1951. Ekuqaleni wasusa imali yakhe. Ifilimu lakhe lokuqala kwakuyifilimu elifushane lefilimu elifushane "usuku lokulwa" mayelana neBoxer Walter Cartier. Umsebenzi waphumelela, futhi uKubrick waqala ukudubula amadokhumenti ambalwa. Imidwebo elandelayo yayiyi "padre endizayo" kanye "nomgibeli wolwandle".
Ngo-1953, wakhipha ifilimu lokuqala lobuciko elithi "ukwesaba nokufisa." Le filimu isiphenduke umsebenzi owaziwa kakhulu womqondisi, futhi uKubrick uqobo wabiza isithombe se-clumsy ne-amateur.
Ngo-1955, ifilimu "Kiss Killer" yeza ezikrinini, abagxeki baziswa kahle.
Kodwa-ke, impumelelo yeza eKubrick ngemuva kokukhishwa kwedrama "imizila yodumo" (1957) noKirk Douglas endimeni eholayo. Ifilimu lilandisa ngezehlakalo zempi yezwe yokuqala yathuka, wayenqatshelwe ngisho nokukhombisa eFrance.
Ngo-1960, umlingisi weKirk Douglas, owayengumkhiqizi omkhulu wefilimu spartak, wacela uStanley endaweni yomqondisi oxoshiwe, wethemba ukuthi abasha babezolalela. Kepha uKubrick washeshe wabuyiselwa umlingisi, wenza indima enkulu, wasusa le filimu njengoba yena uqobo efuna. Ukuqasha ithephu kuthole imiklomelo engu-4 Oscar.
Olandelayo waba yi-melodrama "Lolita" (1962) egameni elifanayo lenoveli ye-nabokov. UKinokartina wayengumuntu ophakanyisiwe wemiklomelo eyisikhombisa.
UStanley Kubrick wayethanda ukudubula izihlangu ezincwadini ezinqwabelanayo nezimpikiswano. Ifilimu elilandelayo lomqondisi baba i-Anti-Militarist Comedy "Dr. Strajnznznzhlav, noma ukuthi ngiyekile kanjani ukwesaba futhi ngalithanda ibhomu" ngokusekelwe "kusongo olubomvu" Peter George. Le filimu yahlekisa ngokusobala izinhlelo zamasosha ase-US.
Inkazimulo yezwe ilinde uStanley Kubrick ngemuva kwe- "Space Odyssea 2001", eyathola umklomelo we-OSCAR njengefilimu enemiphumela ekhethekile enhle kakhulu. Ngokusho kwalesi sikhathi esijabulisayo, isithombe se- "Clockwork Orange" (1971), sifakwe ku-Novel of Anthony Berdjes abize igama elifanayo. Le filimu yayivinjelwe e-UK ngenxa yokuthi kwakukhona ubulili obuningi nobudlova.
Ngo-1975, uKubrick wasusa idrama "Barry Lyndon". Ifilimu eliphathelene ne-Ireland Guy ebulale isikhulu sebutho lesiNgisi laqokwa kaningi ku-Oscar. Ngo-1980, kwashicilelwa isithombe esilandelayo esiphumelele - "UCAREACE". Kuyo, indima eyinhloko yenziwa ngu-Actor Jack Nicholson. Ngo-1997, uKubrick waqala ukusebenza edrama "ngamehlo asabalele", lapho abadlali bakaTom Cruise kanti uNicole Kidman wadlala khona, ababeshade ngaleso sikhathi. Le filimu ngumsebenzi wakhe wokugcina.
Ngezinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe, umqondisi uvumile ukuthi wathatha enye ifilimu, mayelana nokusebenza lapho engazange atshele muntu khona. Le ngxoxo ivele ekufinyelelekeni kwamahhala kuphela ngonyaka ka-2015, njengoba uPatrick Murray, owayephethe ingxoxo noKubrik, wasayina isivumelwano ngokungavezi kwengxoxo iminyaka eyi-15.
Isizathu salokho kwakuyimfihlo yalona ividiyo uqobo, okuthi, ngokusho koMqondisi, isuse uKubrick. Umqondisi wathi ukufika kwezinkanyezi zaseMelika enyangeni kuthumele, okusho ukuthi ividiyo edumile ingamanga. UKubrick uvumile ukuthi wakhumula izinyathelo zokuqala "enyangeni" estudiyo futhi ezikufaka lokhu "ngokukhwabanisa ubuntu" ngokusekelwa nguhulumeni kanye ne-NASA.
Noma kunjalo, ukuqiniseka ukuthi ukufika kwezwe laseMelika enyangeni bekungekhona, kusabhekwa njengenkolelo-mbono yokwakha nokwakha umphakathi, amagama ahlelwe yi-Kubrika noma lowo obekungaphezulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UStanley Kubrick washada kathathu. Wahlangana nonkosikazi wakhe wokuqala lapho esebenza ephephabhuku. Ngo-1948, abantu abasha bashada, kodwa umshado wabo awuzange ube khona isikhathi eside.
Unkosikazi wesibili womqondisi waba i-American Ballerina nomlingisi uRuth Sobet. Bahlangane kusethi yefilimu ethi "Ukuqabula Kombulali," lapho uRuthe adlala khona indima yomdansi. Kepha wahlukana naye ngokushesha naye.
Ngonkosikazi wakhe wesithathu, umculi waseJalimane uKristina Kharlan, uKubrick wahlangana ngesikhathi sokuthwebula ifilimu "imizila yodumo": UChristina wahlabelela kule filimu. Lo mbhangqwana washada ngo-1958. Ngaleso sikhathi, uHarlan wayenendodakazi. Ngokushesha, abashadikazi bazalelwa amadodakazi amabili amanye, abize uVivia no-Ana. Ngo-2009, u-Ana wabulawa umdlavuza. Futhi uVivian wahlatshwa umxhwele ngokwesayensi, eseyekile ukuxhumana nomndeni wakhe.
UStanley Kubrick akathandanga ukukhuluma ngempilo yakhe, ngakho-ke kwakukhona amahemuhemu amaningi nezinganekwane ngaye kuneqiniso.
Ukushona
UMashi 7, 1999, kwaqedwa izinsuku ezine ngemuva kokufakwa kwefilimu "ngamehlo asabalele," kusho umqondisi ephupheni. Imbangela yokufa yayihlaselwa yinhliziyo. Umqondisi onekhono angcwatshwe eHartfordshire (eNgilandi).
UKubrick wahlala enziwa amaphrojekthi angabonakali. Kwaphela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, waqoqa izinto zokwakha ukuze enze ifilimu ngoNapoleon Bonaparte, ngemuva kokushona kwakhe kwakukhona umtapo wezincwadi omkhulu, okunolaka uNapoleon. Ngo-2001, uMqondisi uStephen Spielberg uthathe idrama emnandi "ingqondo yokufakelwa," ngaleyo ndlela ehlanganisa iphupho elide likaStanley: izinhlaka zokuqala zefilimu zisuswe kuKubrick uqobo.
UStanley Kubrick ube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu kwi-cinema namasiko awonke. Amasu ambalwa aqala ukusebenzisa umqondisi angenele i-classic of cinema futhi aba yingxenye yohlelo lokufundisa emanyuvesi akhethekile. Futhi izigcawu ezivela ku-Cult Paintings Kubrick zivame ukuba yisisekelo sezinkomba nama-monwages e-cinema yanamuhla.
Kepha endaweni ekude nesifunda se-cinema yobuchwepheshe, umqondisi akakhohliwe futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili emva kokufa. Kuze kube manje, amaqembu alandelwayo emsebenzini womqondisi kanye nama-akhawunti ku- "Instagram" asebenza kwi-Intanethi, kanye nama-akhawunti avela kumafilimu we-Kubrick ayisakhiwo.
Futhi ngo-2018, iqembu lebhayoloji libizwa ngohlobo olusha lwamasele ezinkuni avulwa endaweni yase-Amazonia ephansi, ukuhlonipha uMqondisi - D. KuBubicki.
Izics
- 1951 - "Lwa usuku"
- 1951 - "Ukundiza Padre"
- 1953 - "Rigider Sea"
- 1953 - "Ukwesaba Nenkanuko"
- 1955 - "Kiss Killler"
- 1956 - "Ukubulala"
- 1957 - "Izinkambiso Imizila"
- 1960 - "Spartak"
- Ngo-1962 - "Lolita"
- Ngo-1964 - "UDkt Strajnznzlav, noma ukuthi ngiyeka ukwesaba futhi walithanda ibhomu"
- 1968 - "Space Odyssey 2001"
- 1971 - "I-Clockwork Orange"
- 1975 - UBarry Lyndon
- 1980 - "Shine"
- 1987 - "Igobolondo lensimbi"
- Ngo-1999 - "Ngamehlo Agcwele Kakhulu"