I-Biograge
USergey Dovlatov - umlobi weSoviet noMelika kanye nentatheli ebithathwa njengenqatshelwe eSoviet Union. Kepha namhlanje, ngasikhathi sinye, imisebenzi emine yombhali ifika ezincwadini eziyi-100 ezinconywe yinkonzo yezemfundo yaseRussia ngokufunda okuzimele. I-Dovlatov ibhekwa njengombhali ofundeka kakhulu we-soviet wengxenye yesibili yekhulu le-XX, kanye nemisebenzi yayo izingcaphuno.
USergey wazalelwa e-Ufa emndenini weshashalazi. Ubaba kaDonat Metchka wayengumqondisi wabaqondisi, umama uNora Relativova udlale esiteji, futhi ebudala waba ngumshicileli. Kwabazali bomlobi wesikhathi esizayo, inhloko-dolobha yaseBashkiriya kwakungeyona idolobhana elithi: Lo mndeni wasuswa lapho uqala khona impi. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, abazali babuyela eLeningrad, lapho ubuntwana nentsha yaseDovlatov badlula. Ngokushesha uDonat noNora bahlukana.
USeraja kusukela ebuntwaneni wezwa umfana ophuphayo. I-Tomptovat yesayensi yokusiza abantu. Ngo-1952, amavesi omfana aneminyaka eyishumi nanye anyatheliswa okokuqala ephephandabeni lama-leninist Spark. Ngokusho kombhali, wanikela ngezincazelo ezintathu ezilwaneni, kanti owesine - uJoseph Stalin. Eminyakeni yobusha, wawuthanda kakhulu umsebenzi we-Ernest Hemingway.
Ngemuva kwesikole, uSergey wangena eyunivesithi yendawo enobuhlakani bePhilology, ukuhlukaniswa kweFinnish. Kule yunivesithi, le nsizwa yathatha iminyaka emibili nesigamu, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho yadonswa. Eminyakeni yabafundi, u-Friendne Evgeny Rae, u-Anatoly Niman, uJoseph Brodsky waba abangane bombhali wesikhathi esizayo.
Umfundi oveziwe washeshe wabiza ibutho. Le nsizwa yokusatshalaliswa yawela emabuthweni okuvikelwa kwamakamu okufukula asemthethweni enyakatho yeKomi assr. Ubonwe wenza umbono ongafinyeleleki kule nsizwa futhi kamuva waqinisa umoya wokuphikisana nomlobi.
Ngemuva kokusebenza iminyaka edlule, uTomgovatov futhi uba ngumfundi we-University of Leningrad, kulokhu ukhetha ubuhlakani bezincwadi.
Iphephandaba lokuqala lentatheli le-Young linguSt. Petersburg "ngokudutshulwa kwezindawo zemikhumbi." Isipiliyoni somlobi saqashwa ekuxhumaneni nozakwabo abasebancane abavela eProsuikov Group "Citizens", lapho uV. Maramzin, e-Efimov, B. Vakhtin. Esikhundleni soMsizikazi wakwaSergey wasebenza ngaphansi kobuholi bomlobi weSoviet Wokholo Panova.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s, uDovlatov wawusufuna eyakhe indlela yakhe, ngakho-ke wamukela isimemo esivela kubantu engibajwayele futhi waba yisisebenzi sokuhlanganiswa kobuciko obufanele. USergey Dovlatov wakwazi kahle amakhono amaKamnezes, avumela umbhali ukuba athole okuhle.
Ngemuva kwalokho uSergey waya eBaltic States futhi wakhonza ezincwadini ethi "Soviet Estonia", "Sailor of Estonia" kanye "Nesihlwa Litataleni". Kuliqiniso, kufanelekile ukuthi ukukwazi ukuthi ukubhaliswa kukaTallinn's Registry USergey wasebenza izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuba zigqoke. E-Mikhailovsky (esifundeni i-PSKov), iTombeptov yabamba izinyanga ezimbili zehlobo. Ku-Museum-Reserve Alexander Pushkin, uSergey Donatovich wasebenza njengesiqondisi.
Kamuva, le ndoda yabuyela eLeningrad yayo yendabuko kwathi ngo-1976 iminyaka engu-1976 ngonyaka yasebenzisana ne-Mouth Magazine "ithambo". Maphakathi no-70s, ukuthandwa kwezihlobo zezingane kunwetshwe kude kakhulu kwemikhawulo yenhloko-dolobha esenyakatho. Umhleli oyinhloko uSvyatoslav Sugarrong othanda ababhali bezingane uViktor Golowkina, u-Viktor Draunsky, uYuri Koval, kanye nababhali abaningi, abakwa-Bulat Okedzhava, kanye noJoseph Brodsky wabo. USergey Dovlatov wanyathelisa le ndaba eyodwa "emlilweni", futhi wawuthokozela lo msebenzi ngokungabaza.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70s, izindaba ezimbalwa nezindaba seziqongelelwe kusuka kuTyttov, ezazinyatheliswa phesheya ezindaweni ezifudukayo. Lapho leli qiniso liphuma, ukuzingela kwe-KGB kwaqala. Ngithole isizathu sokutshala umlobi ekwamukelweni okukhethekile - kwe-hooliganis encane. Emva kwalokho, ngo-1978, uSergey kwadingeka aye e-United States.
ENew York, intatheli yaba ngumhleli-in-omkhulu wephephandaba laseNew American "New American", wasebenza esiteshini somsakazo, futhi waqhubeka nokubhala imisebenzi yakhe. UMotherland omusha wanikeza umlobi kanye nengcebo, futhi udumo, futhi ukuthandwa, kanye nomsebenzi othokozisayo, kodwa kuze kube izinsuku zokugcina zeDovlatov ephuthelwe eRussia nokuthi bahlala ngaphambi kokuwohloka kwe-USSR futhi, babuyela ekhaya.
Into yokufunda
Ukubhala uPrace Sergey Dovlatov waqala empini. Kepha omagazini namaphephandaba benqabile imibhalo yoMlobi, ngakho-ke umbhali kwadingeka anyatheliswe "eSalizdat", kanye namagazini abafudukayo "ezwenikazi", "isikhathi nathi".
Ukuzijwayeza okufanayo e-USSR, ukukubeka ngobumnene, akwamukelanga. I-Dovlatov ayifakwanga enyunyana yabantatheli, okungukuthi, iDovlatov yayingasakwazi ukusebenza ngokukhethekile, kanye nesethi yezincwadi zokuqala "ama-engeli amahlanu" e-Estonia esty 'esty raamat "abhujiswe ngokuphelele ngesicelo se-KGB. Isikhathi eside se-Creative Biography, uSergey Dovlatov akakwazanga ukwenziwa njengombhali.
Kepha kwathi lapho uSergey Donatovich eya eMelika, kunezinganekwane zomlobi ukuze ziphrinte ngamunye. Ngo-1977, u-Ardis wanyathelisa inoveli yombhali "wencwadi engabonakali" yombhali ngesiRussia. Ukushicilelwa kokuqala e-Edigration kwaphotha uSergey Dovlatov ukuthinta umoya futhi azikholelwe ngokwawo. Ngenxa yamamagazini abahlonishwayo ngokubuyekezwa kwe-Partisan kanye neNew Yorker, iDovlatov yathola ukuqashelwa okukhulu kwabafundi. Ngakho-ke, ukushicilelwa kwaqala nezincwadi zobude obugcwele.
Umsebenzi wokuqala ngempilo eMelika, wabhalwa wanyatheliswa phesheya, kwakuyindaba "yakwelinye izwe". Inkulumo yencwadi mayelana nokuphila kwansuku zonke kokufuduka kweRussia kwegagasi lesithathu. I-heroine eyinhloko kaMarusya Tatarovich, ngaphandle kokubonakala, izizathu zenzelwe ukuthambekela kwesikhathi futhi zishiye i-USSR ngesigxobo esihle eNew York. Endaweni entsha, owesifazane uqala ukuhlangana ne-Latin American Rafael, impilo ye-heroine iqhubeka futhi ayinanjongo futhi inenjongo, njengasezweni lakubo.
Ama-Tasses, amanoveli namaqoqo wenoveli elithi "ipotimende", "yethu", "ukuyekethisa", "solo on underwood: ukubhuka" kanye "ne-ZONI:
Iminyaka engu-12 yokufuduka epeni lomlobi, kwavela izincwadi eziyishumi nambili, ezaziphumelele e-United States naseYurophu zajwayelana nale misebenzi ngohlelo lombhali "emsakazweni" ngenkululeko " .
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Amahemuhemu asakazeka ukuthi uSergey Dovlatov wayecishe abe namaphutha angamakhulu ambalwa. Eqinisweni, lo muntu empilweni yakhe uqobo wavinjwa futhi kunzima ukuxhumana nobunzima, ikakhulukazi nabesifazane. Empilweni yombhali kwakukhona amakhosikazi amabili asemthethweni nezakhamizi esithile. Alikho eyedwa yamaphupho ajwayelekile azi ngabanye bathandekayo, futhi laba besifazane bangabhalwa ngesigaba senganekwane, ikakhulukazi ngoba akukho ukuqinisekiswa ngendlela yezithombe ezihlanganisiwe ezishiye noma kungobo yombhali.
Ngomlingani wokuqala u-Asia Pekurovskaya USergey waphila iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Intsha yahlangana kumfundi futhi yasheshe yathola umuzwa omkhulu wothando kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umuntu osemusha wayethanda ukuba ngumngane owathandwa ngumlobi uVasily Axenov. Kakade ngemuva kwesehlukaniso savela ukuthi u-Ayaya ukhulelwe.
Isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa senzeke ngobudlova. USergey Dovlatov walwa yizindaba futhi wasongela u-Ace engxoxweni yakhe ukuze azibulale. Intombazane yahlala i-admatant. Ngemuva kwalokho umlingani uhlose intombazane isibhamu. Ngemuva kokudutshulwa, okwakuhamba eceleni, u-Ace wakwazi ukuphunyula efulethini likaSergey. Ngokushesha umfazi wabeletha indodakazi kaMariya, kepha akasamboni nge-Gaptive Assia. Manje uMaria Pekurovskaya uhlala e-United States futhi uphethe okuthunyelwe kwePhini likaMongameli woMnyango Wokukhangisa Wezithombe Zomhlaba Wonke.
Ngemuva kwalokho u-Elena Ritman, owesifazane onomlingiswa wesilisa wangempela wavela empilweni yeprosese. Lona wesifazane ubhekele lona wesifazane. USergey no-Elena bashada masinyane ngemuva kokubuya kwensizwa empini, bahlala iminyaka eminingana, kodwa imizwa yaba buthaka. URhythman wathola ithuba lokufudumala, waklama isehlukaniso futhi, ngokuthatha indodakazi yesibili kaDelatov, uCatherine, wathuthela e-United States.
Futhi, i-Sergey Donatovich eyodwa esele yaqhamuka noTamara Zibonova, owazala umlobi enye indodakazi u-Alexander. Kepha lobu budlelwano bude bude. Ngo-1978, usongo lokuboshwa ngomlobi, noSergey wahamba ngemuva kuka-Elena Rhythman eNew York, lapho ayeshade khona nonkosikazi wakudala.
Indodana yokuqala kaDelatov yazalwa emndenini, eyaqanjwa ngegama likaNicholas Nicholas Dulley. U-Elena wayenethonya elimpofu emsebenzini womyeni wakhe. Umlingani walungisa umlobi osalungiswa, aphoqelelwa ukuthi abhale kabusha izingcaphuno eziphumelelayo eziphumelelayo, kanti isigqi kuphela - isigqi-i-dovlatova ekuqaleni sagqugquzela izincwadi zabalingani bethu.
Ukushona
USergey Dovlatov useseSoviet Union ehlukumeza utshwala, okwathi nge-Bohemia kwabhekwa njengokujwayelekile. EMelika, umbhali wabona okuncane kakhulu, kepha kwakungakabi nandaba notshwala. Ngasikhathi sinye, wonke udokotela owahlola i-prosaika, ethi - Umbhali ungcono kakhulu, impilo enhle.
Lezo zingalindelekanga ngokufa okungazelelwe, i-Sergey Sergey Donatovich ngo-Agasti 24, 1990. Lokhu kwenzeke eNew York, futhi imbangela esemthethweni yokufa kubhekwa njengokungabekezeleleki kwenhliziyo. UDovlatov wangcwatshwa edolobheni elifanayo, eNtabeni iHebroni Cemetery endaweni yaseQueens.
I-Bibliography
- 1977 - "Incwadi Engabonakali"
- 1980 - "Solo on Underwood: Izincwadi zokubhalela"
- 1981 - "Ukuyekethisa"
- 1982 - "Zone: Amanothi weWarden"
- 1983 - "Reserve"
- 1983 - "IMbushi Lonely"
- Ngo-1985 - "Abathanda Demorsh"
- 1986 - "I-Pointcase"
- 1987 - "Isethulo"
- 1990 - "Igatsha"
Amacaphuna
- "Umuntu omuhle nguyena owenza okubi ngaphandle kwenjabulo"
- "Iningi labantu libheka izinkinga ezingenakunqotshwa, ikhambi lazo elibafanele."
- "Ngicabanga ukuthi uthando alulona osayizi. Kukhona kuphela - yebo noma cha "
- "Indoda Man yinoma yini ... kuya ngezimo zezimo"