Umlando Wemilingiswa
Abalandeli bezincwadi zaseRussia bahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: Okokuqala funda umsebenzi webhubesi uTolstoy "Impi Nokuthula" ngokuphefumula okukodwa, abanye bahlehlisela i-tomik enkulu yenoveli eshalofini elingaphezulu noma kukhawulelwe ekuzivumelaniseni kwefilimu, ngoba kwakungekho kuhlakaniphe kakhulu Indalo yombhali ngisho naseHollywood.Incwadi kaProsuaka idumile kuze kube namuhla, ngoba uMatter wasebenzisa amasu angejwayelekile wokwakha ukwakheka futhi wafundisa ukuma kwesitolo sezincwadi ukukhombisa, futhi wasungula izinhlamvu ezikhanyayo nezikhumbulekayo, phakathi kwazo uNatasha Rostov.
"Impi Nokuthula" YaseRoma
UTolstoy waqala umsebenzi emsebenzini wakhe oyinhloko, owake waya ezicaphuni, emuva ngo-1856. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhubesi uNikolayevich lavuka umqondo wokubhala indaba ephathelene nodokotela we-desembrist, ebuyela eRussia. Kepha ngemuva kokubonakaliswa isikhathi eside, umbhali wanquma ukuhambisa iqhawe ngesikhathi sempi yokuthanda izwe, ngoba uhlobo lomuntu waseRussia lubonakaliswa ngezikhathi zokulahlekelwa kanye nokwehluleka.
I-classic yenza umsebenzi omkhulu, ukuthosa umbhashi wesandla hhayi kuphela ngumqondo wefilosofi nangokwengqondo, kodwa futhi namaqiniso angempela omlando. Indaba ethembele emisebenzini yesayensi ka-Alexander Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky, futhi futhi ifunda nezincwadi zezimpi zonyaka we-1812, okwadingeka abone ukufa kwamasosha ngamehlo akhe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uNapoleon Bonaparte, uSergey Glinka, u-Alexander Shishkov nabanye abahlanganyeli bemicimbi yegazi.
ULev Nikoleyevich wayehehe umqondo owawukade wavakashela edolobhaneni laseBorodino, lapho umbusi wale mbuso neyanduna - inhlala khona induna yempi yaseRussia, uMikhail Kutuzov, washayisana. Ugqugquzelwe yiProSAIS iminyaka eyisikhombisa asebenze hhayi ukusonta amashidi okusa kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Ekugcineni, ubuhlakani bezincwadi bethunyelwa emphakathini hhayi kuphela ifomethi entsha yama-roman-epic, kodwa futhi yaveza nezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka-550.
ULev Nikoleyevich wabeka umbhalo wesandla wakhe kubantu abasebenza kuye abazozwela (uNatasha, uPierre Duhov, uPrince Andrei) nezinhlamvu ezingezinhle (Umndeni weKuragin), ancishiswe ukunyakaza okunamandla kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ngokumelene nesizinda somphakathi ongokhonzi nangokomuntu, amaqhawe aveza imisebe yokukhanya embusweni omnyama ahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi.
UNatasha Roostov, ovele ngaphambi kwamehlo abafundi abavela emakhanda okuqala e-Roman Epopea, iyi-heroine eyintandokazi yebhubesi uTolstoy, odlala indima enkulu emsebenzini. UNatasha uvela ekhasini lombhalo wesandla yintombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nantathu, onempilo ngeBoris Drubetsk. Kepha lapho inkanuko yabhalisela insiza eya ku-kutuzov, lonke uthando lwaphuthuma empulekweni.
Umngane kaPierre Duhov umndeni wajwayelana nale ntombazane evulekile, ebuka ubuntu bukaNatasha ngesithakazelo. Njengoba esekhulile, iRostov yangena echibini lobuhlobo nePrince Andrey Bolkonsky, kepha lokhu kuxhumana okungothando konakalisa uyise ka-Andrei, okubheka inyunyana yendodana yakhe noNatasha Mesaliance. Ikhanda lomndeni lincenga inzalo ukuthi ihlehlise umshado konyaka, okuyinto yokukhula okugcwele kanye nentshisekelo kuba nokuhlushwa okungabekezeleleki.
Ukuze agcwalise ukungasebenzi kwengqondo, iRostov inika iBolkonsky futhi ithokozela i-anatolem nguKuragin, obekwa kwinoveli njengamantombazane, i-haist kanye ne-slab. Umuntu othanda impilo engenzi lutho uqhekeka ekukhulekeni okunokuthula kokukhula okukhohlisayo, ushiye ukucacisa okubabayo: lapho efunde ukuthi i-anatole ishade, uNatasha wayefuna ukuletha ukuhlukunyezwa ngokuphila.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uNapoleon eqala ukumelana neRussia, umndeni weRostovaya uthuthela e-Moscow estate yawo, lapho abahlanganyeli abazelwe empini bakhona. Lapho umndeni uhlela ukuphuma enhloko-dolobha, uNatasha usiza amasosha alimele: enkomisa abazali ukuthi basebenzise izitsha zasekhaya, kodwa ezokuthutha kwezempi. Phakathi kwamasosha alimele, i-heroine eyinhloko ibona iPrince Andrew futhi iqala ukunakekela owayethandekayo.
Impilo yeBolkonsky iye yahlaselwa izimpi ngokungahambelani nempilo, ngakho-ke isikhulu sifa kungekudala. Empilweni kaNatasha, i-Black band iyabuya futhi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho le ntombazane yasondelana nomfelokazi uPierre BezuKhov, okwazile ukubona umphefumulo omsulwa we-heroine: imizwa yabalingani ebizini yazalwa kancane, bese ingqondo ithambekele. Ekupheleni kweRoma-Epopea Pierre noNatasha babhala ngokomthetho ubudlelwano babo ngomshado futhi baphakamise izingane ezine.
Isifanekiso
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, iLion Tolstoy yayivame ukuthi:
"Ngathatha uTanya, okhuluphele ngoSonya, kwathi uNatasha waphuma."Ngempela, ama-prototypes omlingiswa ophambili asebenza njengonkosikazi womlobi uSophia Andreevna nodadewabo - Memoistka Tatiana Bers.
Ekuqaleni kwe-Epic, umbhali wethula uNatasha ngamehlo amnyama, intombazane ene-bolger ne-curls ebi "namahlombe amnyama namahlombe avulekile", ahlala emndenini onomoya wokungenisa izihambi kothando lwaphakade. Njengoba esevuthiwe, le ntombazane ivela e-Garde Duckling e-Swan enhle: ivela ebholeni lokuqala futhi idonsela ukunaka kocansi kowesilisa nomfundi wakhe, ukucolisiswa nomusa.
Isici esihlukile sokukhula sihamba futhi sithakazelisa empilweni. Ukuthumela amakhasi omsebenzi, umfundi angakwazi ukulandelela ubuntu bukaNatasha, onganaki ubuqiniso obuzungezile. Abalandeli bomsebenzi bayazi ukuthi ibhubesi uNikolayevich alinazinhlamvu ezinhle, ngoba inkosi yepeni ibanikeza kanye nezimfanelo ezingezinhle ezivelele wonke umuntu ofayo ukuze alandelele ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi kwamaqhawe abo.
UNatasha akaqondiswa ingqondo, kodwa ngenhliziyo: Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uRostov unikeza intando yemizwa, ukunyakaza, ukudansa, ugijimela entanyeni yomfowethu othandekayo. Ukubuyisana kwakhe kuma-Public Stands kuboniswa endaweni yesehlakalo lapho intombazane encane ihleli etafuleni lesidlo sakusihlwa, icela ngokuqinile kuMary Dmitrievna mayelana nekhekhe, ngaleyo ndlela iphazamise izingxoxo zabantu abadala.
Ukwahlulela ngencazelo, iRostov ayikhanyiswa ukushushiswa nengqondo, kepha ifunda ukuphila ngokuqulwa kwecala nephutha, yenza izenzo ezinzima nezishesha. Isibonelo, kufanelekile ukukhumbula isifiso sakhe esiyisikhashana sokubalekela ngaphansi komqhele nge-anatola kuragin engabushelelezi. Kepha uLevi Nikolayevich akazange agweme ukuvukela kwentombazane, efakazela abathandi bezincwadi ukuthi uRostov ungumuntu opholile futhi osabelayo owethembayo ukwenza amaphutha.
Ngemuva komshado, intandokazi kaTolstoy yanikezwa umyeni wakhe nasezinganeni, iba ngumama onothando nomkakhe othembekile. Ukube ngaphambi kwaNatasha ubenesithakazelo ngokubukeka kwakhe, futhi wakhetha izingubo isikhathi eside, wacela abadlulayo - ngezingubo ezintsha, khona-ke uRostov wayeka ukuzibuka, hhayi ukulahlekelwa yisitayela nobuhle bemvelo.
Umlingisi kanye nabalingisi
Inoveli "Impi Nokuthula" kuLev Nikolayevich Tolstoy yaqala ukuthandwa nge-KYDOChokoEyev, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi abaqondisi abadumile bawushukumisela umsebenzi kwizikrini ze-TV. I-coesheatheat eyethulwe kubathandi bamafilimu obude obugcwele umsebenzi omningi, ngakho-ke sigqamisa okuthandwa kakhulu kubo:
"Impi Nokuthula" (1956)
Ngo-1956, uMqondisi waseMelika uVing Vido wethule ifilimu kwinoveli yebhubesi Tolstoy, ehambelana nesakhiwo sokuqala. Isibukeli simiswa ngokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kwamaqhawe, izinhlawulo zezepolitiki nothando onxantathu.
IHenry Fund (Pierre Duhov), Chalk Ferreru (Andrei Bolkonsky), iVittorio Gassmana (Anatole Kuragin) nabanye abalingisi, futhi isithombe sikaNatasha sasihamba kahle nge-Hustrey Hepburn, eyaba umlingisi ofanayo weKult.
U-Audrey wayelungele indima yokukhula futhi wakhombisa izilaleli eziqotho. Kepha bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi umlingisi uqobo akholwa ngokudubula 'empini nasezweni' elinzima kakhulu empilweni yakhe, ngoba kwakumele asebenze amahora ayishumi ngosuku. Futhi, ngemuva kokukhathala okungokwenyama, ukucindezelwa kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, umlingisi wawunokuphuphuma kwesisu, owabeka umxhwele isimo esivele esimnandi sika-Audrey: Ngokuzayo, umlingisi ahlukunyezwa ngogwayi futhi wenqaba ukudla.
Ngendlela, i-hepburn yathola imali ephakeme kakhulu, umsebenzi wama-script kanye nabanye abalingisi ancike embonweni wakhe, kanti uJubera de zhivani wandiza waya eRoma ukululeka umlingisi kanye nendlu yangasese, ukwenqaba ukudala izingubo zomlando.
"Impi Nezwe" (1967)
Umqondisi uSergey Bondarchuk uthokozise abalandeli be-cinema, basuse omunye umdwebo wesabelomali esikhulu kunazo zonke zezikhathi zaseSoviet, esebenzisa indawo enkulu yempi, kanye nokuhlunga kwephaneli yezandla. Sebenza kwifilimu, ehlukaniswe izingxenye ezine, yathatha iminyaka eyisithupha, futhi, iyophuma iye ezweni, ifilimu yanikezwa umklomelo we-OSCAR futhi yaba ngumholi wemikhiqizo esongwe e-USSR.
Okwamanje, uNatasha Rostov ukuphindaphinda uLyudmila SabLelterv, owabona ukuthi akukho okungakwenza nge-heroine kaTolstoy:
"................................... amehlo akwenzi mnyama, njengasenoveli, kepha luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngokuvamile, uhlobo oluthile lwe-Ugly Duckling," kusho umlingisi otshelwe engxoxweni.Kepha nokho, i-sawubonaiva yakwazi ukudala isithombe sezincwadi zeBhayibheli kaNatasha: Izilaleli zabona umdlalo ophilayo kanye nokushesha. ILyudmila Mikhailovna yahlukanisa ipulatifomu yokudubula enabadlali abanjalo njenge-vyacheslav Tikhthov, uVictor Stalitsan, u-Oleg Tabakov, u-Edward Martsevich noBoris Zakhava.
"Impi Nezwe" (Ithelevishini Series, 2007)
Umqondisi wase-Austrian uRobert Dornollm wanquma ukubona umbono wakhe wenoveli eTolstsky futhi wethule uchungechunge lwethelevishini yiKinmamam e-Avid.
Imibhalo noRobert bathuthela kude neCanon baphinde babuyisele ezinye izigcawu ezivela emsebenzini ngendlela ehlukile. Isibonelo, uPierre Duhov (i-Alexander Bayer) uvele ekuguqukeni kwe-mncane, kanye nokubukeka kweNatasha Roostova (Clemence of Poets) ukude nesithombe esasungulwa ngumlobi: esikhundleni se-brunette emfushane, izithameli zibona okwesibhakabhaka- blonde emehlo.
"Impi Nezwe" (Ithelevishini Series, 2016)
Ebusika, 2016 esiteshini esisodwa se-BBC, ukuguqulwa kwenoveli kaTolstoy, okusize ekudumiseni umsebenzi waseRussia kusuka kubafundi baseBrithani: Ngokwe-Guardian Albion kwakuyimilutha yombhalo wesandla wokuqala wenoveli . Ngokoqobo ngesonto ezitolo ezibhuthini, cishe amakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezi-3.5 zempi "yempi nokuthula" kwathengiswa.
Umqondisi wagxila ekufezekisweni kwabalingiswa abaphambili, futhi indima kaNatasha Roostova ithole uLily James, okhunjulwa ababukeli be-TV kumafilimu athi "aphukile", "Chief Adam Jones" (2015) kanye nomunye umsebenzi omangalisayo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- UNatasha Roostov uvame ukuvela kumahlaya kanye neleveli njengendoda rzhevsky.
- Ngefilimu yango-1967, uSergey Bondarchuk waphinde wazalwa kabusha ePierre Bauntova, ngoba, ngokwe-matri, wayengeyena nenhlanhla nabadlali: U-Yuri Vlasov wenqabile ukuba yi-amplulaa, kanti abanye bengazange badonse isithombe esiphikisayo. Kule noveli, uPierre umncane kakhulu kunoSergey Fedorovich (ngaleso sikhathi, uMqondisi ubengamashumi amane), kodwa indoda ye-cinema yakwazi ukudlala umlingiswa okhanyayo futhi okhumbulekayo.
- Esithombeni iKing Hot VIOLS endaweni yesehlakalo, lapho amaqhawe ezozingela kanye neBolkonsky, umlingisi uJeremy Brett (uNikolai Rostov) nguyena kuphela ogxumela ehhashini eliphilayo, ngoba omunye wangasese kuzo zonke izisulu athathwe imishini yemishini.
- Kubalandeli be-Roman-Epic, akuyona imfihlo isikhathi eside ukuthi uNatasha Rostov isikhathi eside nakabona ngayo uNatasha Rostov naye ophilayo, kepha umhlaba wangaphakathi olinganiselwe wenza ukungathandi kukaLeo Nikolaivich emibonweni yokukhululwa kwabesifazane.
- Isithombe sikaNatasha Roostova futhi uthole i-Olga Peobrazhenskaya (ifilimu 1913), vera karalli, (edlala ngo-1915) noTatiana Lavrov, owaba ukwanda kwesehlakalo se-opera.