Umlando Wemilingiswa
"I-Master neMargarita" - Incwadi kaMikhail Bulgakov, ethokozela abafundi bengqondo kusukela ngo-1967. Abalandeli abadala bombhali oyimfihlakalo baphinde bafunde le noveli, isikhathi ngasinye sithola amakhasi omsebenzi, futhi isizukulwane esincane siyongena emakhasini wesandla ukuze silandele imiyalezo kaMessira namasudi akhe: U-Gella, Azazello, iHippo naseKoroviev. UMikhail Afanasyevich wakwazi ukusebenza izithombe ezinhle ezenza ukucabanga:"Manje yini enye yamandla ahlala efuna okubi futhi enze inzuzo?".Umlando nama-prototypes
I-Bulgakov yayinjengodokotela onekhono futhi i-prose nendoda engaqondakali. I-Pilpe yemfihlakalo, embozwe yi-biography yombhali, ayinikezi ukuthula kososayensi abazama ukuqoqa wonke amaqiniso ndawonye. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo ngukuthi lapho uMikhail Afanasyevich eza ne-Master naseMargarita, kuhlala kuvulekile, kepha amagxeki okugcina ayavuma ukuthi imidwebo eyiyo yenziwa ngo-1928-1929.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eMikhail Afanasyevich amanothi kaDebut, kwakungekho ntambo wothando lombhali ongenagama esigqokweni esimnyama nowesifazane ophethe "izimbali ezinengekayo eziphuzi". Ekuqaleni, ubuhlakani baqala ukuqoqa ngokucophelela imininingwane ngoDeveli: Encwadini yokubhalela okukhethekile, amashidi aphelelwayo agcinwa kwizichazamazwi, ama-Essails Orlov ka-Orlov nezingcaphulelo ezivela emisebenzini, echaza amandla angcolile.
Ngo-1930, uBulgakov wathola ukwenqaba eKomitini Eliphezulu: Encwadini bekushiwo ukuthi ukudlala "Kabala Svyatosh" (1929) akuvunyelwe ukumela amanothi weshashalazi, ngakho-ke uMikhail Afanasyevich waphonsa amanothi akhe nge-oveni. Kepha, njengoba wazi, "Imibhalo yesandla ayivuthi," Ngakho-ke, iningi lamaphasi, okungukuthi amabhukwana amabili agqinsiwe anamashidi ase-isorone, asinda.
Ngo-1932, uMikhail Afanasyevich uphinde abuyele emcabangweni wakhe futhi ahlale phansi ngokubhala inoveli, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-lyricism yombhali. Kuliqiniso, i-bulgakov yancipha esakhiweni sebhayibheli sakudala futhi yenza uDeveli nomlingisi kanye nomhlinzeki wokuphamba, kanti enguqulo yokugcina yaseWoland isebenza njengoFakazi nomqapheli. Ngo-1940, impilo yaseBulgakov iqala ukuwohloka kakhulu: isifo sezinso satholakala ezincwadini zezincwadi.
UMikhail Afanasyevich wahlatshwa embhedeni futhi, enqoba izinhlungu ezinamandla, abeke umkakhe u-Elena Sergeyevna ovela emsebenzini: uhambo lwe-koroviev, izinsuku zokungena emafule eGriboedov kanye nethiyetha "eshashalazini".
URoman wabona ukukhanya ngo-1966 kuphela (67), umfelokazi womlobi wahlela umbhalo wesandla cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. I-Woland yaba ngomunye wabalingiswa obukhanyayo futhi obukhumbulekayo. Leli qhawe alinalo i-prototype yangempela, ngoba isithombe se-mage emnyama sihlangene. Umlobi ngokwakhe wathi:
"Angifuni ukunikeza isizathu sabalandeli befuna ama-prototypes. IVorand ayinazibonelo. "UMikhail Bulgakov obizwa ngeMessira ngumphikisi omkhulu wamandla asezulwini - uSathane. Okungenani, isifaniso esinokwenziwa kwesidalwa sobubi bubonakala kubacwaningi abasobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali uthembele kulowo owandulelayo, imbongi yaseJalimane kaJohanna Guete, owethule lokhu emhlabeni "kaKiev, eBulgakov, wakujabulela ukulalela igama elifanayo likaCharles Pudner.
Eqinisweni, iWaland ifana nokufana nomoya omubi weHeteval, ngaphandle kwalokho, ebhekisa kulo mlingiswa ikhona kwi-epigraph yenoveli kanye nesahluko 29, lapho uprofesa womlingo ogcwele izintambo, ebeka isishile senkomba yakhe futhi elungiselela ngokuhlukana neMoscow. Ngaleyo ndlela, ukufana nesibazi se- "Mephistofel", eyenziwe ngemabula nguMark Antorthska, iyatholakala. Yebo, futhi i-Master ekuhlelweni kokuqala yaqanjwa ngokuthi yi-Faust.
I-playwwright i-edward radzinsky yabona ukufana phakathi kweWoland noJoseph Stalin, futhi abanye abacwaningi bahlobanisa uMesira nomphostoli uPhetro kanye nokubuya kukaJesu Kristu kwesibili. Phakathi kokunye, imiqhele ebhaliwe inesifiso sokuchazwa kukaDeveli. Iqiniso ngukuthi eDemon ye-Felklore yaseJalimane ebizwa ngokuthi i-balay, kanti e-Faust, iMephistofel ikhuluma umusho:
"Isikhulu saseWaland siya!".Isifanekiso
UMikhail Bulgakov uchaze ngokuningiliziwe ukubukeka kwe-volinda kusuka kumakhasi okuqala umsebenzi, ngakho-ke abafundi abanankinga nokumelwa kwesithombe saleli qhawe laleli qhawe. I-hypnopypy ivele ngaphambi kokuhlala kwesitolo sezincwadi esine-brunette eside futhi ebushelelezi, ngamajika womlomo (ekhoneni lidonswa ezansi) nangamashiya ahlukene: enye ngaphezulu kolunye. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho kuboniswa ubuso bukaMesira, isabelo sokumangala salandelwa.
Amehlo kaDeveli ayehlukile komunye nomunye: Iso lesokudla laliselutho, lingenalutho futhi limnyama, kube sengathi lifile, kanti elinye liluhlaza okotshani nokuphila. Abalandeli bakaBulgakov bacabanga ukuthi i- "Master kanye neMargarita" yamaRoma eqinile ezothola isithandwa somsebenzi kuphela.
Ngempela, ngokuvela kommeleli kohlangothi olukhanyayo - Yeshua Ga-nozri - Ungathola izimbangi zeWoland, kanye okuphambene nalokho. Lapho kuvela lesi sivukelo kuPilatu Pilatu Pilatu, ekhoneni lomlomo kwakukhona isilonda sokopha, futhi iso lesobunxele lihlobisa ukugcwala okumnyama. Isikhumba ebusweni bomlingo omnyama sasibhekwa, kanti ngesikhathi sokubulawa kukaJeshua, ilanga lokushaya amagoli lishise.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Vonand yayinokumamatheka okwethusayo, futhi hhayi kuphela umlomo osontekile kwaba nomthelela, kodwa namazinyo akhe: ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiqhele yeplatinamu, ngakolunye uhlangothi - igolide. USathane wavela ngaphambi kokuba u-Ivan abe yikhaya futhi eyisidina e-berlio ebizayo, izicathulo ezinamakhambi kanye nomhlanga onesimo esihlanganisiwe.
By the way, Lapha i-bulgakov iphinda inikeze inkokhiso "kufuvu", ngoba iMexistofel ivele phambi koprofesa ngesithombe salesi silwane. UWoland uhlala ephishekela inyanga, okuwuphawu lwamandla angcolile, ngoba konke okuhle kusenzeka kuqhubeka ngaphansi kwesembozo sobusuku. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi igama elithi "dann": izakhamizi zaseMoscow zihlala zizwakala eRomana: Izakhamizi zaseMoscow "zidonswa" ngaphandle kukanembeza, njengokungathi zibiza uSathane.
"Kunjani kimi? Lokho akukaze ... inhliziyo shalit ... bengikhungathekile. Mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka konke esihogweni naseKislolodsk ... "- UMikhail Berlioz wacabanga, ukubona iKorovyev ikhuphuka emoyeni.Ngaphambi kwezivakashi, i-Woland ivela ngefomu elingenabuntu: ehembe elingcolile neliphukuphuku. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izingubo ze-Yeshua, okungukuthi uHiton oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zaphenduka i-Ribbon Rag, lapho ababulawa khona benqaba. Ebholeni, i-hypnotist ivela ngengubo emnyama, amagilavu amnyama nangokwenkemba.
Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuziphatha kokuziphatha kukaVuland akuyona imvelo, futhi kubukeka njengezinhloso ezenzakalelayo: kubonakala sengathi kuyamangaza futhi kungazelelwe kunyamalala, kube sengathi umlingisi esigabeni sesiteji.
INkosi yobumnyama inenhlonipho enkulu, isivimba, imvamisa iyamamatheka engxoxweni, inengqondo ebukhali futhi yazi konke. Akakwazanga ukucabanga nje kuphela ukuthi u-Annushka uzofafaza uwoyela we-sunflower. Le ncwadi ithi uDeveli akafa, anamandla omlingo futhi akhona ngesikhathi.
"I-Master neMargarita"
Emsebenzini we-Bulgakov, iWaland ayidlali okwesibili, kodwa indima eyisisekelo. Umuntu ongaziwa egqoke ingubo emnyama uvele ekuqaleni kwenoveli futhi ukhombisa abafundi abangama-policrible abasezingeni elifanele. Phakathi kwembongi u-Ivan umhleli ongenamakhaya kanye nomhleli wemibhalo, uMikhail Berlioz waqala ingxoxo ngoNkulunkulu, futhi edlula (futhi mhlawumbe bekufanele ngabe ubekhona) uWoland wanquma ukubandakanyeka engxoxweni yababili abakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona.Kuliqiniso, le ngxoxo ebolekweni yaphela ngokudabukisayo: UMikhail Alexandrovich ushonele ikhanda, futhi umlingani wakhe waphelelwa ingqondo. Kepha, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-voundand yayingenamgomo wokucunula noma ukucindezela ububi, Wayengeyena uDeveli ohlale ehlebeza endlebeni yakhe, futhi iWaland kuphela yabuka lo mdlalo wokuphila. Esikhathini, i-volind, isimilo sokuziphatha okubi, ukuhaha, okungewona ochwepheshe, amanani emali, kanye noDeveli babuka lo mbono futhi baphawula:
"Abantu abavamile ... Ngokuvamile, khumbuza okufanayo ... Umbuzo wefulethi ubabhidlize kuphela ..."UMessir uyazi imicabango yabantu ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke ku-Novenos kwenza umsebenzi wejaji. Isici esikhanyayo se-volidand ubulungisa, njengoba wonke umuntu ethola ngokokholo lwawo. I-Woland ayigcini nje ngokuqhuba iseshini yomlingo "ezinhlobonhlobo" futhi isabisa omakhelwane befulethi lamashumi ayisihlanu ukuthi emgwaqweni yingadi enkulu engama-302-BIS, kodwa futhi kufanele futhi ifanelwe nebhola likaSathane.
Umcimbi kaDeveli uqoqana izoni ezembuliwe kakhulu: umphimbo, ababulali, izisulu zombuso, ubufakazi, nobunye ubuntu obuhlukile. Kuvuselelwa umvuthwandaba wenoveli, isimo se-voundand naseMargarita sembulwe, futhi abanye ababhali baphefumulelwa umsebenzi wokugcina, ngokwesibonelo, umlobi uPavel Sanaev obizwa ngokuthi umbhalo ophansi wencwadi yakhe ethi "uplore ebholeni le-volidand."
Amafilimu
UMikhail Bulgakov Roman wazama ukuvikela abaqondisi abadumile kaningi, kodwa, njengokungathi ngohlobo oluthile lwezimo eziyimfihlakalo, akubona bonke abantu abakwazile ukwenza lokhu. Kukhona ngisho nenkolelo-ze yokuthi uMikhail Afanasyevich wayephikisana nokudluliswa kwencwadi kwi-TV Screens, ngakho-ke iDamnshchina yenzeka kumasayithi wokudubula: Isabelomali singekho ngomsebenzi wemiphumela ekhethekile nezinhlamvu, khona-ke izikhulu zeqembu zidilizwa yigama "Akunakwenzeka", khona-ke kwaqala amacala asemthethweni.
Amahemuhemu kanye nokuqagela kwangena ngemuva kokulandela i-vladimir naumov, esebenze ngokucophelela iskripthi, waphupha ngo-Elena Sergeyevna (umka-Bulgakov), owafuna ukukhansela umsebenzi kwifilimu. Kepha noma kunjalo, abaqondisi bakwazile ukukhulula imisebenzi eminingana:
- 1972 - "Master neMargarita" (Italy, Yugoslavia, Alexander Petrovich)
- Ngo-1988 - "Master neMargarita" (Poland, Matsu Volyshko)
- 1994 - "Master neMargarita" (Russia, Yuri Kara)
- Ngo-2005 - "Master neMargarita" (Russia, Vladimir Bortko)
Abadlali
Uhlu lwabadlali abakwazile ukuzama iqhaza leqhaza lomninimandla onke, lincane. Owokuqala ophinde waphinde waphikisana noDeveli olungile kwakungumlingisi waseFrance nowesi-Italiya u-Alain Kyuni, owadlala esithombeni sika-1972. Ifilimu lihluke kakhulu kumlobi wangempela, yize linikezwe umklomelo kazwelonke kanye nomklomelo we-ICF eVenice. UKyuni wakwazi ukungena endimeni, kepha ngaphandle akazange afana neVerand: esikhundleni seTrenet, izilaleli zibona umuntu ompunga egqoke ijazi elimpunga.
Ngo-1988, umqondisi wasePoland Matsu Volyshko uthathe umRoma Bulgakov, owakwazi ukunqoba ukubuyekezwa okukhona kwezithameli nabalandeli beMikhail Afanasyevich, ngoba ukuhlolwa kwakhe kochungechunge lwe-mini kungekho okuhlukile encwadini. Kulesi sikhathi, uGustav Munubekek, ujwayelene namafilimu, wakhulunywa ekuqaleni kweNkosi yesihogo: "I-Blue Cross" (1955), "uMaryna noNapoleon" (1999).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe sikaSathane sazama i-Russian Actor Valentin GAFT, eyabona engxoxweni:
"Igagasi lami alilona udeveli, kepha isithunywa samandla akhanyayo!"UValentin Josephovych uthe uDeveli ungumlingiswa omuhle kakhulu wenoveli ye-bulgakovsky. Efilimini "Master kanye neMargarita", edutshulwe ngo-1994, wadlala uVictor Rakov, uNikolay Pilippenko, uSergey Garmash, uLeonid Kuravlev nabanye abamele amakhono e-cinema.
Ngo-2005, uVladimir Bortko wakhipha isimemezelo ngesimemezelo, futhi kufanele kushiwo ukuthi uMqondisi uzame ukukhulisa umbhalo wesandla weMikhail Afanasyevich kwifilimu. Ingxenye yomculo ayizange yehluleke, ingqikithi enkulu yochungechunge "iculo le-volund" iGor KornYaryulyuk.
Njengoba isikhathi sefilimu egcwele ngokugcwele sasinganele, uVladimir Vladimirovich wadala uchungechunge oluncane. Indima ye-volidand yathola u-Oleg Basilashvili. Ukuvela komlingisi akuhambelani nencazelo, kepha u-Oleg Valerianovich wenza umsekeli wamandla wobumnyama.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indima yokuqala kaMessira kwadingeka ukuthi ithole u-Oleg yankovsky, kepha umculi akazange athole ikusasa futhi wenqaba lesi sithombe. Futhi uBorthko ubhekele uGary Oldman, uJean Reno noClaus Maria Bradlauer. Ngaphezu kukaBasexander Galibin, uVladislav Galkin, u-Kirill Lavrov, u-Alexander Abdulov, uSergey Bezrukov no-Alexander Bashirov no-Alexander Bashirov.
Amacaphuna
"Ungalokothi ucele lutho! AKUKHO lutho, futhi ikakhulukazi labo abanamandla kunawe. Izozinikela futhi wonke umuntu azonikela ngakho konke! "" Yebo, le ndoda iyafa, kodwa kungaba polbie kakhudlwana. Kubi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ufa ngokuzumayo, yilokho okugxile kukho! Futhi, akunakusho ukuthi uzokwenzanjani kusihlwa sanamuhla. "" Okuthile, intando yezakho, ukunqwabelana kwabesilisa, ukugwema iwayini, imidlalo, abathandi besifazane abathandekayo, ingxoxo yomkhosi. Abantu abanjalo noma abagula kakhulu, noma bazonde abanye ngasese. Kuliqiniso, okuhlukile kungenzeka. Phakathi kwalabo abaye baphathwe nami etafuleni elithile, kwesinye isikhathi ama-scoundrels amangalisayo athola ngawe! "" Sikhuluma nawe ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene, njengoba njalo, - igagasi liyaphendula ngalo, aliguquki. Lokhu. "" Ukusha kwesibili okusha - yilokho okungenangqondo! Ukusha okusha kuphela - okokuqala, kungokugcina. Futhi uma i-sturgeon ingubusha besibili obusha, kusho ukuthi ibilisiwe! "Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- I-cosmology yenoveli "Master kanye neMargarita" ihlukile kuhlu lwebhayibheli lwakudala, yize kukhona izinhlangothi ezimbili eziphikisanayo zokuhle nokubi encwadini. E-Bulgakov, bayalingana, futhi "umnyango ngamunye ubandakanyeka ezindabeni zawo." I-Woland ayikwazi ukuthethelela uPilatu noFrido, futhi uYeshua akanalungelo lokuthatha amakhosi.
- Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, inoveli ivikelwe e-United States. Kwenzekani ku-American Cinimaers - Kunzima ukwahlulela, kepha uchungechunge lwe-TV "Izikolo zodokotela osemusha" (2012-2013, United Kingdom), lapho iqhawe le-bulgakovsky lenza uDaniel Radcliffe, ahlulekile izizwe.
- Ekuhlelweni kokuqala kwe-volidand okubizwa ngokuthi i-astarotom, futhi inoveli igqoke amagama ka "Hoof Engineer" kanye ne- "Mlach Mag".
- I-Bulgakov ichaze iWaland njengomuntu oneminyaka yobudala, kanti ochungechungeni lwethelevishini "Master neMargarita" U-Oleg Basilashvili waphenduka oneminyaka engama-71. UPontiyu Pilatu osencwadini umncane, kepha umlingisi (uCyril Lavrov), owenza umsebenzi we-produrator, wacishe waba ngu-80.
- Emibhalweni yesandla esalungiswa yenoveli, incazelo yokubonakala kweWaland ihlala wonke amakhasi ayishumi nanhlanu.