I-Biograge
UVoroshilov Clement Effemovich ungumholi odumile waseRussia kanye nomholi wezempi, kwathi kamuva uMholi Wezwe Neqembu. Wayebambe iqhaza empini yombango futhi, phakathi kwabokuqala, wathola isihloko se-Marshal Soviet Union. Ngendlela, uVoroshilov ungowomlando wokuhlala kwi-portro kanye ne-presidium yekomidi eliphakathi le-CPSU - kulezi zikhala, i-Effemovich isebenze cishe iminyaka engama-35.
UClement Voroshilov, owayeqala ngoFebhuwari 4, 1881, wazalelwa edolobhaneni lase-Upper, elisesifundazweni sase-Ekaterinoslav. Namuhla yidolobha laseLisichansk Lugansk esifundeni. Abazali bakaVoroshilov babehamba nge-Efree Andrevich kanye nomkakhe uPodonchitsa Maria vasilyevna. UClement waba yingane yesithathu emndenini, futhi ubuntwana bakhe budedele. Ubaba wayevame ukuqhubeka ngaphandle komsebenzi, umndeni wawuhlala esekelweni lobuphofu. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa, uKlim Voroshilov waya emsebenzini njengomalusi.
Kuvuthiwe okuncane, uVoroshilov ohlele ukusebenza emayini lapho bekuqoqwe khona lapho Collegs. Umsebenzi osindayo wenza lukhuni umfana, lwenze lwaqina. Kepha uClement wakuqonda ukuthi kudingeka akhule, ngakho-ke eminyakeni eyi-12 abhaliselwe esikoleni saseZemskaya edolobhaneni laseVasilyevka. Kuliqiniso, osemusha wafunda amakilasi amathathu kuphela, kodwa kwavela ngokwanele ukuguqula imayini ibe yisitshalo sensimbi. Njengoba sesithole isipiliyoni, uVoroshilov uba yibhizinisi elisebenzayo lokuqashwa eLugansk. Kusefektri yokugcina umfana abhalwe phansi kumalungu eqembu le-Russian Social Democratic Works Party futhi liqala ukuhamba ngesitebhisi somsebenzi.
Ngemuva konyaka, uKlim Voroshilov - Ilungu leKomidi leLugansk Bolshevik, kungekudala usevele ehola le nhlangano, kwakha amaqembu okulwa futhi anikezwe izingqungquthela zeBolsheviks. UClement uqhube umsebenzi wangaphansi emkhawulweni iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, waze wavuselela uqobo, waboshwa kaninginingi futhi waze wakhuthazeka. Ngolunye kokunye imibuzo, kwashaywa ngesihluku, umphumela wazo waqala ubuchopho-ubuchopho. Ngenxa yayo, uVoroshilov wayenezinhlelo zokuhlalisa, futhi ngasekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, indoda ifa ngokuphelele.
NjengamaKhomanisi amaningi kuleyo minyaka, uClement wayenegama elingaphansi komhlaba - "i-volodin", kodwa, ngokungafani noVladimir Lenin noJoseph Stalin, elokuqala baqala ukusebenzisa igama langempela. By the way, kanye nabaholi bakaVoroshilov bahlangana ngo-1906. Emholini osemusha, benza umbono oqinile, futhi ekugcineni wagxila ngemibono yabo. Kepha uLenin akazange ahlabeke umxhwele ngensizwa ethile, waze wambiza ngokuthi "amadolobhana" no "Balalaika". Nge-Stalin, uClement wawuseduze ngesikhathi sokuvikela i-tsaritsyn, futhi le epic yayibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni iVoroshilov: UJoseph VissarionOVich wasungulwa ngokuphelele ngombono wokuthi phambi kwakhe onompetha onokwethenjelwa nokuzinikele.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, uClement Effemovich wakwazi ukugwema ukubiza futhi waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe ngenkulumo-ze yezandulela. Ezinsukwini ze-Okthoba Revolution, waba nguKhomishani weKomidi eliguqukayo le-Petrix, ngokubambisana noFeliksi, iDzerzhinsky ihlele i-HCC edumile - Ikhomishini Yezimo Eziphuthumayo yaseRussia. Ngesikhathi sempi yombango, uKlim Voroshilov wabamba izikhundla eziningi, kepha omunye waba obaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukuqaliswa kwebutho lokuqala le-equestrian njengelungu le-revoyentuit. Njengoba uClement wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwale yunithi yezempi, eyayiyalwa yi-Besen Benoye, eyaba neqhaza elikhulu ekunqobeni amaBolsheviks, khona-ke impumelelo yalala emahlombe kaVoroshilov. Kusukela lapho, sekuhlale njalo ukubheka izibalo ezibalulekile kwinguquko.
Inkambo
Kepha namuhla izazi-mlando zithola isiqinisekiso sokuthi uClement Effemovich akazange abe namakhono akhethekile omkhulikazi. Wahlukaniswa ukungathembi kochwepheshe bezempi abavela ebuthweni lebutho elidala lasebukhosini, okwakukhona ngaphansi kokuqala kwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaziwa kwabafakazi bokuzibonela ukuthi uVoroshilov uqobo, empeleni, akazange athole impi engathi sína. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalokho akwazile ukwenza lokho okumangazayo, umuntu angasho, umsebenzi wokukhangisa futhi kamuva uhlala ekhanda lomnyango wezempi kancane ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-15, isikhathi eside kunanoma yimuphi omunye ozakwabo.
Iqiniso ngukuthi uClement Voroshilov, impela, ngaphandle kokuba nokuhlangenwe nakho kwembewu kaBudhenny nethalente, uMikhail Frunze, are avele ngaleso sikhathi amandla okusebenza eqenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlutha wesikhathi esizayo kuyo yonke impilo yakhe wakhombisa ukulimala okukhulu nokungabikho okuphelele kwesifiso. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sabasebenzi abame ngamehlo aseLenin futhi ikakhulukazi uStalin Voroshilov avelele ngokumangalisayo.
Ekuqaleni kwama-20s, uClement wayala amabutho eSifunda saseNyakatho Caucasus, wabe esehola esifundeni saseMoscow, kwathi ngemuva kokufa kwefruze waba yinhloko yawo wonke amahhovisi ezempi e-USSR. Lapho lokhu okuthiwa kokwethuka okukhulu kwaqala, uVoroshilov wayengomunye walabo ababheka futhi basayina izinhlu zabantu abansundu. Isiginesha yakhe, okusho isigwebo sentambo, sabhala izinhlu ezingama-185, ngakho-ke, ngesimemezelo seClement, uVoroshilov walahlwa yicala okungenani izakhamizi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-18. Kubandakanya ukulahlwa kwe-comister yezokuvikela, cishe amaqembu angama-170 embuthweni obomvu acindezelwe.
Lapho ngo-1935, amazinga ezempi uqobo awethulwa okokuqala eMbuthweni Wezempi waseSoviet, eVoroshilov, phakathi kwabaphathi bamasosha abahlanu bokuqala, banikeze isihloko se- "Marshal of Soviet Union". UClement wayehlala engumsekeli we-yarm uJoseph Vissarionovich futhi wabhalela ngisho nesikhumbuzo sakhe sama-50 asencwadini ethi "Stalin kanye neRed Army", lapho kubonakale khona ama-Photo All Army ". Noma kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuthi uVoroshilov wayenezingxabano neNhloko Yezwe, ngokwesibonelo, ngezepolitiki eChina kanye nolwazi lobunikazi bebhubesi iTrotsky. Futhi emva kwempi, neFinland ka-1940, noma ngabe kwakuphelile ukunqoba kwe-USSR, kepha kwakukude nendlela iKremlin eyahlelwa ngayo, uStalin ususa umngani wakhe wesikhathi eside futhi wabasekela eposini lomlutha. Esikhundleni salokho, uKlim Effemovich uqala ukwengamela izimboni zokuvikela.
Ngesikhathi sempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, uVoroshilov wabonisa isibindi esikhulu lapho yena uqobo eshayela izihlakala eziya e-bayonet. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kwaba nokungakwazi okulimazayo ukuhola amabutho ezimweni ezintsha, lapho inhlonipho kaStalin elahlekile futhi yasuswa ekwamukelweni kwezinqumo ezibalulekile. Wabethembela njalo amabutho e-North-West indlela, i-Leningrad ngaphambili, iVolkhov ngaphambili, yaqokwa ngaphambili, kodwa kusuka kwabaholi bezempi abaphumelele, bathathe indawo yabaholi bezempi abaphumelele kakhulu, kufaka phakathi iMashi George Zhukov. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba 1944, uClement kaVoroshilov ekugcineni waletha eKomitini Yezokuvikela Yombuso, futhi lokhu ukuphela kwecala lokungaphandle kweminyaka yempi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umndeni kanye nempilo yomuntu siqu yeClement Voroshilov yahlala endaweni ekhethekile enhliziyweni yakhe. Unomfazi wakhe okuwukuphela kwakhe, wahlangana eminyakeni yokubhekisisa esihlahleni ngo-1909. Ukhetho lwakhe olukhethiwe lukaGolda Davidovna Gorbman wathandana nokugqekeza kakhulu kangangokuba wenqaba owakhe umndeni wakhe. Iqiniso ngukuthi le ntombazane ngobuzwe yayingumJuda, kodwa ngenxa yomshado noVoroshilov, wabhapathizwa esontweni lama-Orthodox futhi washintsha igama elithi Catherine. Isenzo sendodakazi enjalo asizange samukelwa ngabazali bakhe, futhi zonke izinhlobo zobudlelwano zamiswa.
Ngendlela, uGolda Davidna naye wayeyilungu leqembu, futhi kamuva wasebenza njengePhini LikaMnyuziyamu we-V.I. Lenin. Kwenzeka ukuthi i-Ekaterina Voroshilova ayinakuba nezingane. Kepha umyeni wakhe akakaze aqonde umlingani wakhe amthandayo. UVoroshilov wamukelwa yiSirota kaPeter, kwathi ngemuva kokuthathwa kokufa kukaMikhail Frunze ekukhulisweni kwezingane zakhe - indodana kaTimup nendodakazi kaTatiana. Kunemininingwane ethi Leonid Noestembo, uprofesa we-Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute, indodana kaClement Clement esitshalweni saseLugansk Farrow, ebizwa ngokuthi yindodana yokutholwa kaVoroshilov.
Empilweni yomuntu siqu kaVoroshilov kwakuyisibonelo sokulingisa izakhamizi eziningi. Ubehlala nonkosikazi wakhe cishe ngengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe ngenxa yomdlavuza ngo-1959. Njengoba lona wesifazane ebuza odokotela ukuthi bafihle lesi sifo kulabo abashade naye, ngoba uClement Effemovich, ukuphela komkakhe amthandayo kwaba ukushaya kanzima. Izazi-mlando ezazifundela ontangamu beCommussesment yabantu ziqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho inoveli eyodwa "ohlangothini", futhi unkosikazi kaVoroshilov wayehlala enjalo kuphela uthando lwakhe.
UKlim Effemovich wayehlala ehola impilo enempilo, wayezibandakanyeke kakhulu kwezemidlalo - wahamba kahle, ahloniphe lezemidlalo gymnastics, futhi eminyakeni engama-50 waba nentshisekelo kwi-skating ezemidlalo futhi njalo ngempelasonto esetshenziselwe i-rink. Ngendlela, kwakunguVoroshilov abafake isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwe-hockey yaseSoviet futhi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, babonga kuye, abadlali be-hockey basekhaya baba ngomunye wabasubathi abahamba phambili emhlabeni. Ekuqaleni kwama-20s, yonke imindeni yobuso obuphakeme bahlala eMoscow Kremlin. Kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, kancane kancane abantu bathuthela emafulethini ngamanye, futhi kuphela uClement Effemovich aqhubeke nokuhlala endaweni efanayo yokuhlala, ashiye iKremlin eyokugcina yesinqumo sokubusa okumbalwa ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe.
Ukushona
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uKlim Voroshilov wayehlala enikelwe abasekeli be-Stalin. Lokho kubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba wahlala kuhulumeni ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, wajoyina iqembu uNikita Khrushchev walibeka ephongomeni leSoviet yeSoviet Ephakeme yaseSoviet ye-USSR. Akusikho konke obekubushelelezi emsebenzini wakhe, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1957, kwakhanyiswa kakhulu iScoshilov. UClement Efimovich, ukuhalalisela isikhumbuzo seNdlovukazi yaseGreat Britain, kubhekiswe ne-telegraph yendlovukazi yaseBelgium. Izinzwa zande zande.
Noma kunjalo, kwakuseminyakeni yamuva nje ukuthi imiklomelo ephezulu kaVorshilov yawa. Uthole isihloko esiphindwe kabili se-Soviet Union kanye neqhawe lomsebenzi wezenhlalo. Kepha ngo-1960, i-clement exolelwe ehhovisi, isizathu esisemthethweni sokuthatha umhlalaphansi saboniswa yisimo sempilo. Esikhundleni sekhanda lesikhathi esizayo se-Voroshilov yezwe uLeonid Brezhnev. Lapho uKlim Efimovich eshonile, kwenzekani ngoDisemba 2, 1969, umngcwabo wakhe wanikeza isimo esingakaze sibonwe. Ngokokuqala ngqa eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, ukungcwatshwa kwenziwa iMausoleum V. I. Lenin.
Ukuhlonipha iVoroshilov kwaqala ukubiza amadolobha, imigwaqo, kwakha izikhumbuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabala omlutha awazange afakwe e-USSR kuphela: ngokwesibonelo, e-Istanbul, isikhumbuzo samamitha ayi-12 "Republic" esigcawini sesikwele. Kwasungulwa ekubonisweni komuntu siqu kwe-Mustafa Ataturk njengophawu lokubonga ngokusekelwa okunikezwe yiSoviet Russia ekutholeni inkululeko eTurkey. UClement ubizwa ngokuthi "yisikhulu esibomvu sokuqala".
Futhi, i-voroshilov's Glapha inikelwe emigqeni yezingoma ezinjalo ezaziwayo zeSoviet njenge- "Mashi of Soviet Tanks", "Uma kusasa iMpi", "uma kusasa iMpi" nabanye abaningi. E-cinema, i-commismer efanekiswe e-cinema ye-commander, kanye ne-evgeny zharikov, uSergey Nikonenko, uMikhail Kononov, efakwe esikrinini, afakwe esikrinini. UBoris Shuvalov wokugcina wayesechungechungeni "iNdodana kaYise Wezizwe" 2013.