I-Biograge
Umbusi uPeter III Fedorovich waqanjwa ngokuthi uKarl nguPeter Ulrich, ngoba umbusi wesikhathi esizayo waseRussia wazalwa ePort City of Kiel, enyakatho yesimo sanamuhla saseJalimane. Esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia, uPeter III wathatha isigamu sonyaka (iminyaka esemthethweni kaHulumeni ibhekwa njenge-1761-1762), ngemuva kwalokho kwaba yisisulu sePhatherine Coup, ehlelwe ngunkosikazi wakhe uCatherine II, owashintsha esikhundleni somufi Umlingani.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngekhulu leminyaka leminyaka, i-biography kaPeter III yanikezwa kuphela endaweni yokubuka okude, ngakho-ke isithombe sakhe esikuso sakha ngokungathandeki. Kepha muva nje, izazi-mlando zithola ubufakazi bokuthi lo mbusi wawunokuqiniseka ngokuphelele ezweni, futhi isikhathi eside sokubusa kwakhe singenza inzuzo eyayibonakalayo kubahlali boMbuso WaseRussia.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Njengoba umfana ezalwa eDuke of Karl Friedrich Hollytein-Gottororpsky, umshana weNkosi yaseSweden uCharles XII, nendodakazi yakhe u-Anna Petrovna, iNdodakazi kaKosi uPeter Owokuqala (ie uPeter III wayengumzukulu kaPeter I). isiphetho sakhe sanqunyelwa kusengaphambili kusukela ebuntwaneni. Angizange ngivele ekukhanyeni, ingane yaba yindlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi saseSweden, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, emcabangweni ibingafuna isihlalo sobukhosi saseRussia, yize emcabangweni kaKusimu kwakungafanele enzeke.
Ubuntwana bakaPeter owesithathu bebengekho nhlobo. Umfana ulahlekelwe ngunina ekuseni, futhi uYise, wabheka wonke amanye amazwe asePrussian alahlekile, waletha indodana yakhe njengesosha. Eseneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala, uKarl Peter wabelwa isihloko sesibili, kanye nomfana owayeyintandane owayeyintandane.
Ngemuva kokufa kukaKarl Friedrich, indodana yakhe yangena endlini eya endlini kaBishop Eitinsky, umalume wakhe umzala wakhe, lapho umfana ephenduka into yokuhlazeka, amahlaya anonya futhi lapho anelise khona i-spanking. Akekho owanakekela ukwakheka kwenkosana yomqhele, futhi ngeminyaka eyi-13 akazange afunde. UKarl Peter wayenempilo ebuthaka, wayegula futhi emusha osemusha, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye okuhle futhi emsulwa. Wayewuthanda umculo nokupenda, yize kungenxa yenkumbulo kababa ngasikhathi sinye sayekela "indawo yezempi".
Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi kuze kube sekufeni kweMbusi uPeter III, ngangesaba umsindo wokudutshulwa kanye nosawoti we-rifle. IziKronike zabuye zagubha umlutha oyinqaba wezinsizwa ezihlafuna imicabango nokwenziwa, kuvame ukuthuthela emanganeni amaFrank. Kukhona nenguqulo leyo, lapho esekhulile, uKarl Peter wathola ukuncika kotshwala.
Impilo yekusasa lombusi wawo wonke-Russian isishintshile lapho ineminyaka eyi-14. Esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia, umamncane wakhe u-Elizabeth i Petrovna, owanquma ukuhlanganisa umkhosi wabantwana bakaYise. Njengoba uKarl Peter kwakuwukuphela kwendlalifa eqondile kuPeter Owokuqala, wabizelwa eSt. Fedorovich.
Emhlanganweni wokuqala nomshana ka-Elizabeth, ukungazi kwakhe kwamangala futhi kwafakwa indlalifa yasebukhosini kumfundisi. Uthisha waphawula amakhono amahle ngokwengqondo wewadi, ecasulayo enye yezinganekwane mayelana nePeter III 'njengesosha elibuthakathaka' futhi "anephutha".
Yize kunobufakazi bokuthi umbusi oziphethe kubantu uyamangaza kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi emathempelini. Isibonelo, phakathi nenkonzo yaphezulu uPetru wahleka futhi ekhuluma kakhulu. Yebo, futhi uziphathe ngazifundiswa zakwamanye amazwe. Mhlawumbe ukuziphatha okunjalo futhi kwavalwa amahlebezi mayelana "nokuphansi" kwakhe.
Futhi ebusheni bakhe, wayenesimo esinzima sengxibongo, engadala ukuphambuka ekuthuthukisweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, uPeter Fedorovich wahlatshelwa kwisayensi eqondile, i-geography kanye ne-fortivenction, ephethwe yiJalimane, isiFulentshi nesiLatini. Kepha isiRussia ayengazi. Kepha akazange afune ukukwenza kahle.
By the way, i-oypa emnyama yanyamalala ngokuqinile ubuso bukaPeter Okwesithathu. Kepha kunoma yikuphi ukuveza lokhu kubukeka kwesici akuboniswanga. Futhi ngobuciko bezithombe ke akekho owacabanga ukuthi - isithombe sokuqala emhlabeni sabonakala ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60. Ngakho-ke imidwebo yakhe kuphela ebhalwe emvelweni efinyelele ezesidlangulweni, kodwa "kwahlanganiswa" abaculi.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Elizabeth Petrovna ngoDisemba 25, 1761, uPeter Fedorovich wajoyina isihlalo sobukhosi. Kepha bekungagcwele kugcwele, kwahlelwa ngemuva komkhankaso wamasosha eDenmark. Ngenxa yalokho, uPeter III wagcotshwa ngomusa ngo-1796 nguPaul I.
Wachitha izinsuku eziyi-186 esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ngalesi sikhathi, uPetru wesithathu wasayina ngo-192 ngomthetho nangesimemezelo. Futhi ngisho nokubala imibono kwimiklomelo. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kwezinganekwane namahemuhemu azungeze ubuntu bakhe nemisebenzi, ngisho nangesikhathi esifushane, wakwazi ukuveza imibono yakhe nasenqubomgomo yangaphandle neyangaphakathi yezwe.
Idokhumenti ebaluleke kakhulu yokubusa kukaPeter Fedorovich - "Manifesto ngenkululeko yabantu." Lo mthetho wezomthetho wakhulula izicukuthwane enkonzweni ephoqelekile eneminyaka engu-25 futhi waze wabavumela ukuba bahambe phesheya.
Ukusuka kwamanye amacala e-EMBEROR, kufanelekile ukubheka izinguquko eziningi mayelana nokuguqulwa kohlelo lombuso. Yena, esosibuthelweni sezinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela, wakwazi ukuqeda ihhovisi eliyimfihlo, aqede inkululeko yenkolo, asuse ukubhekwa kwesonto kwezihloko zezihloko, avimbele amazwe asemqoka kakhulu empahleni yakhe - ukwenza inkantolo ye Umbuso waseRussia uvulekile. Ubuye wamemezela ihlathi elinengcebo yezwe lonke, lasungula iBhange Lombuso futhi sethula ukuqokwa kokuqala kokujikeleza. Kepha ngemuva kokuthi uPeter Fedorovich, zonke lezi zinto ezintsha zacekelwa phansi.
Ngakho-ke, uMbusi uPeter III wayehlose ukwenza uMbuso WaseRussia we-Free, ulishiqela omncane futhi ukhanyiselwe ngokwengeziwe.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izazi-mlando eziningi zibheka isikhathi esifushane nemiphumela yokubusa kwakhe kuphela kusuka okubi kakhulu eRussia. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukubiwa kwangempela kwemiphumela yempi yeminyaka eyisikhombisa. UPhetro waba nobudlelwano obubi namasosha, njengoba ayemisa impi nePrussia futhi aletha amabutho aseRussia eBerlin. Abanye babheka lezi zenzo njengokukhaphela, kodwa empeleni ukunqoba kwabanogada kule mpi kuletha udumo noma kuye uqobo noma i-Austria naseFrance, ohlangowo waso wawusekela amabutho. Kepha ngombuso waseRussia, kwakungekho nzuzo kule mpi.
Ubuye wanquma ukwethula ama-prussian ama-oda embuthweni waseRussia - onogada bavele ngendlela entsha, futhi isijeziso manje sasisendleleni yePrussian - i-wig. Izinguquko ezinjalo azizange zingezele kuYe igunya, kodwana, ngokuphambene nalokho, zazenzela ukunganeliseki nokungaqiniseki kusasa, ebuthweni nasemibuthanweni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho uMbusi wesikhathi esizayo ecishe abe neminyaka eyi-17, u-Empress Elizaveta Petrovna wamphucula ukuba ashade. Inkosazana yaseJalimane uSofia Frederick Augustus akhetha unkosikazi kaSophia Frederick Augustus, namhlanje umhlaba wonke owaziyo ngaphansi kwegama uCatherine osesibili. Umshado wendlalifa wadlalwa ngobubanzi obungakaze bube khona. Njengesipho, uPeter noCatherine bavezwa nezigodlo ze-Countre Alexander Menshikov - i-Oranienbaum ngaseSt Petersburg naseLyubertsy eduze kwaseMoscow.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi uPeter III no-Ekaterina II abakhuthazeli omunye komunye futhi babhekwa njengebhayidi lomndeni kuphela ngokusemthethweni. Ngisho nalapho umfazi enika uPhetro uPitroli indlalifa kaPaul I, ke indodakazi ka-Ana, wahlekisa ngokuthi akazange aqonde, "lapho athatha khona lezi zingane."
Indlalifa enganeni, umbusi waseRussia esizayo uPaul I, ngemuva kokuzalwa, wasuswa kubazali, i-Empress Elizaveta Petrovna ngokwayo yathuthukiswa ngokushesha ekukhulisweni kwayo. Kodwa-ke, uPeter Fedorovich wayengekho nhlobo. Wayengakaze abe nesithakazelo esikhulu endodaneni yakhe. Wabona umfana kanye ngesonto, ngakho kwakuwukuxazululwa kwe-Empress. Indodakazi u-Anna Petrovna yafa ebuntwaneni.
Ngobudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi bePeter okwesithathu kanti uCatherine owesibili uthi iqiniso lokuthi umbusi uxabana kakhulu nomkakhe futhi waze wasabisa ngokusehlukanisa naye. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngemuva kokuba lowo oshade naye akazange asekele uToast okukhulunywa emkhosini, uPeter III wayala ukuba abophe owesifazane. Ukusuka ejele, uCatherine wasindiswa kuphela ngokungenelela kukaMalume uPeter, uGeorge Golstein-Gottororsky. Kepha nangalo lonke ulaka, intukuthelo futhi, cishe, uZhugenene umhawu kumkakhe uPyotred Fedorovich wayehlangabezana nengqondo yakhe. Ezimweni ezinzima, kaningi futhi kwezezimali, umyeni ka-Ekaterina wayevame ukuphendukela kuye. Imininingwane igcinwe ukuthi uPeter III Catherine II obizwa nge- "Mnu. Beat".
Kuyaphawuleka, empilweni yomuntu siqu kaPeter III, ukuntuleka kobudlelwano obuseduze noCatherine akuzange kuthinti. UPeter Fedorovich wayenenkinga, okuyinhloko yawo kwakuyindodakazi kaGeneral Roman Vorontsov. Amadodakazi amabili ayethulwa egcekeni: uCatherine, ozoba umngane walowo oshade naye, kwathi kamuva izikhulu uDashukova, no-Elizabethe. Lapha kwawa okukusasa ukuze ube ngowesifazane othandekayo futhi amthandayo uPeter III. Kuye, wayesekulungele ngisho nokuqeda umshado oshadile, kepha lokhu kwenzeke kulokhu.
Ukushona
Esihlalweni sobukhosi sasebukhosini, uPeter Fedorovich wahlala isikhathi eside kunezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ehlobo lika-1762, umkakhe u-Ekaterina owesibili waphefumulela i-minion yakhe yokuhlela i-Parolika Coup, eyenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. UPeter, oshaywe ngukhokho wale ndawo, walahla isihlalo sobukhosi saseRussia, obekungazisanga futhi engafuni, futhi wayehlose ukubuyela ezweni lakubo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhleleka kukaCatherine, umbusi onobudlova waboshwa wabekwa esigodlweni eRopsche ngaseSt. Petersburg.
Futhi ngoJulayi 17, 1762, emva kwalokho, uPeter III wafa. Imbangela esemthethweni yokufa kwakuwukuthi "ukuhlaselwa kwe-hemorrhoid colic", kuthuthukiswa ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala. Kodwa-ke, inguqulo eyinhloko yokufa kombusi ingukufa okunodlame okuvela ku-Alexei Orlova, umfowabo omdala uGrigove Orlova - into esemqoka ngaleso sikhathi sikaKatherine oyithandayo. Kukholakala ukuthi okhozi bayaziqabula isiboshwa, yize kungahlolisisa ukuthi isidumbu samuva sangesiko noma sangempela esingokomlando siyakuqinisekisa lokhu. Le nguqulo ithembele 'encwadini ephendukayo "ngo-Alexey, esikhathini sethu esigcinwe kumakhophi, futhi ososayensi banamuhla bayaqiniseka ukuthi leli phepha liyinkohliso eyenziwe yi-FODOR memor, isandla sokudla sikaPaul kuqala.
Ngemuva kokushona kombusi wangaphambilini, kwakukhona umbono ongalungile wobuntu kanye ne-biography kaPeter III, ngoba zonke iziphetho zenziwa ngesisekelo sezikhumbuzo zomkakhe uCatherine II, abahlanganyeli abasebenzayo benkosazana yaseDashkina , Enye yemibono eyinhloko yokwakha uzungu, ibale uNikita Panin, nomfowabo - Bala uPeter Panin. Okusho ukuthi, ngokusekelwe emibonweni yalabo bantu abakhaphela uPeter Fedorovich.
Vele nje "ngiyabonga" ezinkumbulweni zikaKatherine II, isithombe sikaPeter III njengendoda edakiwe - umyeni wakhe, amagundane alengisiwe. Kusolwa ukuthi owesifazane wangena ehhovisi lombusi futhi wamangala. Ngaphezulu kwetafula lakhe kwakuyi-rat evuthayo. Umlingani amphendula wamphendula ngokuthi wenze icala lobugebengu nasemithethweni yezempi kwandelwa. Ngokusho kwakhe, wabulawa kwathi izinsuku ezi-3 zizolenga phambi komphakathi. USergey Solovyev, noVasily Klyuchevsky, echaza uPeter owesithathu, waphindwa le "ndaba".
Kwakungokoqobo, noma ngaleyondlela u-Catherine II kwisisekelo sakhe esithi "isizinda" esingesihle sakhe isithombe sakhe esihle, manje akunakwenzeka ukuthola.
Amahemuhemu okufa aveze inani elikhulu labakhohlisi, azibiza ngokuthi "lisindile." Kwenzeka okunjalo kwenzeka, kufanelekile ukukhumbula okungenani i-Lhadmitriev okungenani. Kepha ngenani labantu abazinikela kumbusi, uPeter Fedorovich akanawo izimbangi. Okungenani kwavela abantu abangama-40 ukuba babe "ama-lzheterters III", phakathi kwawo u-Emelyan Pugachev noStepan abancane.
Ukukhumbula
- Ngo-1934 - Ifilimu Ecifiswayo "I-Slutt Empress" (endimeni kaPeter III - Sam Jaffe)
- Ngo-1963 - Ifilimu lobuciko "Katerina Evela eRussia" (njengoPeter III - Raul Gracili)
- 1987 - Incwadi ethi "Legend of Russian Prince" - Sochnikov A. S.
- 1991 - Figial Film "Vivat, Marthemaryna!" (Endimeni kaPeter III - UMikhail Effemov)
- 1991 - Incwadi ethi "Isilingo ngesimangaliso. "Isikhulu saseRussia" kanye nabakhohlisi "- Sochnikov A. S.
- 2007 - Incwadi ethi "Ekaterina II nePeter III: Umlando wengxabano ebuhlungu" - Ivanov O. A.
- 2012 - Incwadi ethi "Izindlalifa Zobukhulu" - Eliseeva O.i.
- 2014 - Uchungechunge oluthi "Catherine" (njengoPeter III - Alexander Yatsinko)
- 2014 - Isikhumbuzo kuPeter III edolobheni laseJalimane laseKiel (Sculptor Alexander Taratynov)
- U-2015- Uchungechunge "Omuhle" (endimeni kaPeter III - uPavel Derevyanko)
- 2018 - Uchungechunge lwe-TV "I-Bloody Baryn" (Endimeni kaPeter III - Evgeny Kulakov)