I-Biograge
Enye yezikhulu zakudala ezihlonishwayo zaseRussia yiPrince Yaroslav ehlakaniphile, indodana kaGreater Vladimir Svyatoslavovich (Baptist). Uthole isidlaliso sabahlakaniphileyo uthando lokukhanyiselwa kanye nokwakhiwa komthetho wokuqala owaziwayo, kamuva kuno "iqiniso laseRussia".
Futhi ungubaba, umalume nogogo wababusi abaningi baseYurophu. Ngaphansi kobhapathizwa, i-Yaroslav yathola igama likaGeorge (noma i-Yuri). ISonto Lase-Orthodox LaseRussia libadumaza njengethembekile futhi yethula usuku lwenkumbulo yakhe ezinhlakeni. Unyaka we-Leap nguMashi 4, nangokwejwayelekile - 5th.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Mayelana nosuku lokuzalwa kwe-Yaroslav Vladimirovich nanamuhla baphikisana nanamuhla. Kodwa izazi-mlando eziningi nososayensi bavame ukuba yiNkosana yazalwa ngonyaka ka-978, yize kungekho ukuqiniseka okuphelele kulokhu. Usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe konke kungaziwa ngokwengeziwe.
Ababelethi bakhe kwakunguVladimir Svyatoslavovich, owayengowoluhlobo lweRurikovich, kanye nePolotsk Princess Rogy Rogvodovna. Yize kungekho mvume lapha. Isibonelo, isazi-mlando esidumile kunazo zonke uNikolai Kostomarov sangabaza ukuthi kwakunguRognendaba owayengumama we-Yaroslav. Futhi i-Arrignson yakhe yozakwethu yaseFrance yayicabanga nhlobo ukuthi isikhulu sabeletha i-Byzantine Tsarevna anna. Kusolwa ukuthi lesi simo sichaza ukungenelela kwakhe emacaleni angaphakathi ku-1043.
Kepha ngenxa yobulungisa kufanelekile ukuba baqaphele ukuthi bonke abanye abahlelizwe bathambekele ekucabangeni iRongy yowesifazane owanikeza izikhulu ezindala kakhulu zeRussia.
Yonke inzalo yazalwa emshadweni noRoggede, u-Izyaslav, uMstislav, i-Yaroslav ne-vsevolod, i-Grand Duke Vladimir yathunyelwa eMormonomize emadolobheni ahlukene. I-Yaroslav yathola i-rostov. Kepha njengoba umfana wayeneminyaka engu-9 ubudala emndenini, owesilisa owaphonswa kuye kanye naye noVoivode Budoy (kweminye imithombo yeBhura). Kamuva, lapho i-Yaroslavis ekhuphukayo ihlakaniphile yaqala ukubusa iNovgorod, umnakekeli kanye nomeluleki baphenduka umlingani oseduzane.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Lesi sikhathi singumlingiswa wezinganekwane nezinganekwane. Isikhathi sePrince Yaroslav sihlakaniphile, kanye nomuntu uqobo, ezinye izazi-mlando zivame ukuba zihle kakhulu, ezinye - ukudicilela phansi amademoni. Kuliqiniso, njengenjwayelo, ndawo ndawo phakathi nendawo.
Inkosazana uNovgorod yayinesimo esiphakeme ukwedlula ukuphathwa kweRostov. Noma kunjalo, umbusi weNovgorod wayenesimo esingaphansi maqondana neKiev, okungukuthi, uVladimir. Ngakho-ke, i-Prince Yaroslav ihlakaniphile ngendlela ephoqelekile minyaka yonke ikhokhele uYise 2/3 waleli elinikezwe emazweni aseNovgorod aDani. Kwakuyinani lezinkulungwane ezimbili ze-hryvnia. Inkulungwane yasala ngenxa yokulungiswa kweVelmazby uqobo neqembu lakhe. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi usayizi wawo uphansi kuphela ophansi kunabo bonke eqenjini le-vladimir.
Mhlawumbe, lesi simo sasunduza indodana ukuba idwebe futhi ngo-1014 yenqaba ukukhokha imali enkulu kuYise. Izakhamizi zeNovgorod zasekela umninindlu kwazo, luyini ulwazi ngemibhalo elondoloziwe. UVladimir wayethukuthele futhi waqala ukulungiselela ukuhamba ngekhono lezinduba. Kepha ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka yakudala. Ngokushesha wagula futhi efile kakhulu futhi engajezisi yiNdodana.
Indawo kababa yathathwa yindodana endala - iSvyatopolilk Okayan. Ukuze uvikele futhi ugcine amandla ezandleni zakho, wabhubhisa abafowethu abathathu: UBoris, owayethandwa kakhulu amaKievin, iGlebi naseSvyatoslav. Isiphetho esifanayo sasilinde i-NOVgorod Postnerer. Kepha wakwazi ukunqoba iSvyatopolka empini enegazi ngaphansi kothando nango-1016 wangena eKiev.
Isigaxa esintekenteke phakathi kwabafowethu esasihlanganyela eKiev ku-Dnieper, ngezikhathi ezithile sidlulela esigabeni "esishisayo". Kepha ngo-1019, iSvyatopolka ayizange, futhi i-Yaroslav ihlakaniphile yaqala uhulumeni ongenangqondo eKhriev Restone.
Ububi obukhulu bePrince Yaroslav buhlakani baba ukunqoba ama-Pechenegs. Kwenzeka ngo-1036. Njengoba imilando isho, leli dolobha labekwe nguNomads ngaleso sikhathi lapho umbusi ekhishwe kuNovgorod, lapho ahlanganyela khona ethebhulweni yethempeli. Kepha njengoba ngithole izindaba zengozi, washeshe wabuya futhi wanqoba iPechenegs. Kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, ukuhlaselwa kwazo okulimazayo nokunegazi ku-rus kume isikhathi eside.
Kwaqala "isikhathi segolide" i-yaroslav ehlakaniphile. Ngemuva kokuthi i-Wins iwina, iVelosa ithathwe ukwakhiwa okumangalisayo. Endaweni yokunqoba okuhle kakhulu ngaphezulu kwama-Nomads, iSofia Cathedral yabekwa. Wayeyikhophi elikhulu lesonto laseTsargrad. Ihlotshiswe ngama-frescoes amahle kakhulu kanye ne-mosaic, ithempeli lishaye ubuhle bezinto ezedlule futhi lijabulisa amehlo namuhla.
I-Welject ayizange azisole ngezimali ezenhlekelele esontweni futhi yamenywa ukuba iqede nesonto lamakhosi amaGreek. Futhi amasango adumile egolide avele edolobheni, ngokufanayo ngokufanayo eTsargrad. Isonto lokuphindwaphindwa selikhulile phezu kwabo.
Inqubomgomo yangaphakathi nangaphandle
Umbusi wenze imizamo enkulu yokuphazamisa ukuncika kweSonto LaseRussia Orthodox kusuka kulokhu okulethwe yiVisantia. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1054, ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni waseRussia, isonto lakhe laliholwa yiRussia, hhayi iMetropolitan yamaGrikhi. Igama lakhe elibizwa ngokuthi i-Illarion.
Inqubomgomo yangaphakathi ye-Yaroslav ehlakaniphile yahlose ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwabantu kanye nokuqedwa kwezinsalela zokholo lobuqaba. Ukholo lobuKristu lwagonywa ngamandla amasha. Kule Ndodana kwaqhubeka icala likababa wakhe omkhulu, uVladimir Baptist.
UNdodana wayala ukuba ahumushe izincwadi ezibhalwe ngesandla zamaGrikhi eziya eSlavic. Waze wathanda ukufunda futhi wazama ukugxilisa uthando ngokufunda nokukhanyisela okungaphansi kwakhe. Abefundisi baqala ukufundisa izingane ngokufunda nokubhala. ENovgorod, kwavela isikole sabafana, esamukela abafundi bokuqala abangama-300.
Isibalo sezincwadi sakhula ngokushesha futhi ukubhuka ukuhlakanipha kwakhiwa ngohlobo lwesikhathi saleso sikhathi. Ukukhanyiselwa ukuba kube nokuhlonishwa.
Endabeni yesikhathi seminyaka, kubhekiselwa emhlanganweni othile wezincwadi kanye nemibhalo, okuyisiko ukubiza umtapo wezincwadi we-Yaroslav ahlakaniphile. Ososayensi bakhuluma ngamanani ahlukene: kusuka kumavolumu angama-500 kuye kwangama-950. Ngokweminye imibiko, umtapo wezincwadi wadluliselwa kwisikhulu (ngolunye ulwazi - abazukulu bakhe abakhulu) beSofia Cathedral.
Kusukela izincwadi zasendulo zazingatholakali iminyaka eyinkulungwane, kunezindlela eziningi ze-hypotheses lapho zingagcinwa khona. Abanye bathi kungaba ngumgodi weSofia Cathedral, abanye bakhuluma ngama-catacombs eKiev-Pechersk Lavra, elesithathu - mayelana neVydumitsky Mouchery. Kepha kukhona abangabazayo abakholelwa ukuthi amaFoli agxile akunakuphila ngemuva kokuhlaselwa ama-polovtsy nemililo.
Enye inguqulo enelungelo lokuba khona yi-Yaroslav Happy Library iye yaba yingxenye yomtapo omncane we-Ivan okubi.
UPrince Yaroslav uPrince wami ngemvelaphi yokubonakala kwezindela zokuqala zaseRussia, kufaka phakathi induna - kiev-pechersky. Isigodlo sezindela asizange nje senze umnikelo omkhulu kuphela ekunyuselweni nasekudumeni kobuKristu ne-Orthodoxy, kodwa futhi badlala indima enkulu ekukhanyisweni. Yize kunjalo, iziKronike incwadi ezalandelwa lapha kwahunyushwa izincwadi.
Futhi ngalesi sikhathi esimnandi, "iqiniso laseRussia" leYaroslav ahlakaniphile. Le yiqoqo lokuqala lemithetho yaseRussia, okwakungezwa kwabalandeli nokunda.
Izazi-mlando zizazisa kakhulu ezombusazwe zangaphandle zikaVelmazby, lapho athola khona impumelelo enkulu. Kubukeka sengathi ungowokuqala kwezikhulu zaseRussia agxile ekukhulumeni, hhayi amandla ezikhali.
Ngaleso sikhathi, imishado ye-Dynastic yayithathwa njengendlela eyinhloko yokusungula ubudlelwano nezinye izifundazwe. Futhi kusukela eKeevin Rus ngesikhathi seBhodi yabahlakaniphileyo yaphenduka isimo esikhanyiselwe futhi esinamandla, khona-ke "ukuzala naye, ababusi abaningi bamazwe aseYurophu aveziwe.
Unkosikazi kaYaroslav uhlakaniphile waba yindodakazi yenkosi yaseSweden Olaf - Inhigerda, eyayithola igama u-Irina ngemuva kokubhapathizwa. KuBaba wathola i-dowry ecebile - idolobha lase-Aldeagaborg (kamuva latoga). Umhlaba oseduze kwawo wabizwa ngokuthi i-Ingermanland (okuhunyushwa njengase-Ingrids Land).
Indodana yenkosana - vsevolod - eshadile Greek Tsarevna. Inzalo eminingi emibili - kwizikhulu zaseJalimane. Indodana i-Izyaslav yathatha umkakhe kudadewabo kaDise Prince Casimir, kanti uCasimir uqobo washada nodadewabo ohlakaniphile - uDobogen.
Imishado efanayo ye-Dynastic yayiphakathi kwamadodakazi aseKiev Velmazby. U-Elizabeth wayeshade nenkosi yaseNorway yaseGarald, i-Anastasia - ngombusi waseHungary noRerei. Kepha odume kakhulu nenhlonipho kwakuyindodakazi ka-Anna Yaroslavna, eyaba ngumfazi weNkosi yaseFrance uHenry I. Ngenxa yenqubomgomo yangaphandle, iPrince Yaroslav ehlakaniphile ixhumeke ngokubhekiselwa komakhelwane abaningi, omakhelwane kanye ukude.
Isisekelo Semadolobha
UPrince Yaroslav wasungula uYuriEL. Kwenzeka ngo-1030, lapho ekanisa ekanise aye eKhudi. Idolobha elisha, eliqanjwe ngengelosi yakhe, lavela ogwini lwechibi. Manje ubizwa ngeTartu futhi yidolobha lesibili ngobukhulu lase-Estonia ngemuva kweTallinn.
Omunye idolobha laseYaroslav uhlakaniphile ngu-Yaroslavl, yize ezinye zezethuli zibheka iqiniso lesisekelo salo yinkosana engekho.
Kukhona elinye i-yryv elasungulwa yinkosana. Lo muzi wavela ngasikhathi sinye inqaba, eyayifakwe entanjeni yezokuvikela yePOJON. Yakhiwa ukuvikela iKiev yakwaNomads. Ngo-1240, ama-tatar-mongols abhujiswa, ashiya kuphela amanxiwa esonto. Eduze kwakhe nomuzi bavuselelwa, njengoba bathola igama lesonto elimhlophe. Ubizwa nanamuhla.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Izazi-mlando eziningi ziyavuma ukuthi umfazi obunqabile, ngemuva kokubhapathizwa, owaba umbhapathi, waba nomthelela omkhulu kumyeni wakhe washiya uMarku owamakiwe emlandweni waseRussia. Emazweni atholakala kuyise ngo-1703, uSt. Petersburg wakhiwa nguPetru owokuqala.
EKiev, ngibonga uPrincess, u-Irina wavela isigodlo sokuqala sowesifazane. Yakhiwa eSontweni laseSt. Irina. Enye yezinsika zakhe "waphila" maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili. Manje umgwaqo othule i-Irinsinskaya ufana nokuba khona kwethempeli.
Kwakunjani impilo yomuntu siqu ye-Yaroslav ehlakaniphile ne-Irigeria - namuhla kunzima ukusho. Kwaziwa kuphela ukuthi emshadweni namadodakazi akhe ayi-6 namadodakazi amathathu ayi-3. Umlingani wabelana ngemibono ngomyeni wakhe futhi wathuthela okholweni lwakhe, enze inyuso yakhe enkulu.
Okuhle, okuhle kakhulu, kubonakala sengathi akunjalo. Ikhala elivelele kakhulu kanye ne-chin efanayo, umlomo ovezwa ngokubukhali namehlo amakhulu awazange angeze ukukhanga. Futhi wayengu-chrome ngenxa yobude obuhlukile bemilenze. Ngokusho kwenguqulo eyodwa - ngenxa yokhahlo ne-dee-elimele empini, nakwelinye, ngenxa yesifo esivela ehlane.
Kukhona imfumbe yomlando yomlando lapho kunemibono yawo ehlukene khona. Abanye babo bathi i-Prince Yaroslav ehlakaniphile yashada kabili.
Unkosikazi wakhe wokuqala kuthiwa wayenguNorway Anna. Emshadweni, ngaze ngazalwa nendodana ka-Ilya. Kepha ngo-1018, yena, kanye nonina, wabanjwa yinkosi yasePolesSlav Brovev futhi wayiswa ePoland kuze kube phakade. Le nguqulo kuthiwa yaqinisekiswa iqiniso lokuthi igama elithi u-Anna litholakala kwezinye iziKronike ezithile.
Kepha kukhona abaphikisi bale nguqulo ephikisayo. Baphikisana nokuthi konke kulula kakhulu. U-Ana igama le-monothe le-Ingrid Irina. Kusolwa ukuthi, ekugcineni kwempilo yakhe, wadedeka endudumini, ethatha leli gama. Ngo-1439, uMbhishobhi omkhulu u-Evfimius wabalwa u-Ana ebusweni bamaNgcwele. Kubhekwa njengokwabiwa kwabantu basezulwini uNovgorod.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isikhulu saseYaroslav sihlelwe ngokwakhe kuphela ngekhulu le-XXI.
Ukushona
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila, uPrince Yaroslav uhlakaniphile uchithe eVyshgorod. Ushone eholidini lokugujwa kwama-Orthodoxy ezandleni zomunye wamadodana akhe - vsevolod, wasinda iminyaka engu-4 ngiyinkosikazi kanye namadodana amakhulu angu-2, uVladimir.
Usuku lokufa kweNkosana lubhekwa njengoFebhuwari 20, 1054. Wangcwatshwa eSofia Cathedral eKiev, ekulimaleni kwemabula yemabula ayi-6. Ngeshwa, izinsalela zombusi omkhulu zanyamalala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iSarcophagus ngekhulu lamashumi amabili yavuleka kathathu: Ngo-1936, ngo-1939 nango-1964. Futhi kwakungeke kufanelwe nonembeza.
Ngemuva kokuvula ngo-1939, izinsalela ze-Yaroslav zihlelelwe eLeningrad, lapho ososayensi be-anthropology bestitute okokuqala ukuqinisekisile ukuthi omunye wamathambo (owesilisa, owesifazana nezingane) kusukela emngcwabeni ovulekile kungokwenkosana. Ngokusho kwesigaxa esitholakele, isifo se-anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov sakwazi ukubuyisela ukubukeka kombusi.
Izidumbu zibuyele eKiev. Kepha ngo-2009, ithuna lembulwa futhi futhi lathola ukuthi izinsalela zakudala zaseRurikovich azenzi. Kwakukhona amathambo amabili abesifazane khona - isikhathi esisodwa seKeevin Rus, isikhathi sesibili se-Scythian time. Futhi ethuneni, amaphephandaba athi "Izvestia" neqiniso lika-1964 athola.
Izazi-mlando eziningi nabaphenyi bavame ukufunwa yile hlobo izinsalela kufanele zifunwe e-United States. Kusolwa ukuthi basuswa ngo-1943, lapho amabutho amaJalimane abuyela emuva.