I-Biograge
I-Stolypinin Peter Arkadyevich ingumguquli ovelele, umbuso woMbuso WaseRussia, owayengumbusi wamadolobha ahlukahlukene, wabe esenguNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zangaphakathi, futhi ekugcineni kwempilo yakhe wakhonza okuthunyelwe nguNdunankulu. Ukushintshwa kwe-Apostarian kwePeter Stolypypini kanye nomthetho ezinkantolo zasendle zezempi zesikhathi sabo uma kungengenxa yokuphumelela, khona-ke, kunoma yikuphi, i-rack elondolozayo. Izinqumo eziningi e-biography kaPeter Stolypypini zibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni kwenguquko ye-1905-1907.
Ubuntu bukaPeter Stolyppin bubonakala ngokungesabi, ngoba impilo yale ndoda yayinemizamo engaphezu kweshumi nambili, kepha akazange abuyele emibonweni yakhe. Imishwana eminingi ye-stolyppin yambozwa, ngokwesibonelo, "Sidinga iRussia enkulu" futhi "ungagijimeli!". Lapho kuzalwa uPeter Arkadyevich Stolypypin, izicukuthwane zakhe zazikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-300. Isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu nomlingisi wombuso abalwele imbongi enkulu yaseRussia uMikhail Lermontov.
Storypin Peter Arkadyevich ngokwakhe, owayenaso i-biobsion aqala ukubalwa ngo-1862, azalwa hhayi ezweni laseRussia, kodwa edolobheni laseJalimane laseDresden, ngaleso sikhathi inhloko-dolobha yaseSaxony. Kwakukhona izihlobo zikanina, uNatalia Gorchakova, babenomama we-Reformer yesikhathi esizayo. UPhetro wayenabafowabo bomdabu bakaMikhail kanye no-Alexander, kanye nodade ababenomusa kakhulu.
Abafana bakhula esiFundazweni saseMoscow, bese kuba nefa esifundazweni saseKoven. Emsebenzini wokuzivocavoca kathisha, ubuhlakani bukaPeter kanye nomlingiswa wakhe ngokuzihlonzana. Ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi sokuvuthwa, uPeter Stolypyppin waphoqa kafushane efeni labazali bakhe, wabe eseya enhlokodolobha, lapho eba umfundi wegatsha lemvelo leSt. Petersburg Imperial University. Ngendlela, wayenososayensi odumile uDmitry MendeleV, omunye wothisha. Ngemuva kokuthola idiploma ye-agronom, yaqala uPeter Stolpin Russia.
Umsebenzi Peter Stolypyppin
Njengesipho esiqhakazile eyunivesithi, uPeter Arkadyevich uthola indawo kanobhala wasekolishi futhi wenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu. Iminyaka emithathu, i-stolyppin yathatha umhlalaphansi esigabeni someluleki wesihloko, okwakuyimpumelelo engakaze ibonwe isikhathi esifushane kangaka. Ngokushesha kusheshe kudluliselwe enkonzweni yezangaphakathi futhi kuqokwa nguSihlalo weNkantolo yaseKoven of World Barmeliars. Mhlawumbe umuntu wesimanje kufanele acaciswe: I-Stolypinin Peter Arkadyevich yaqokwa eqinisweni kuze kube sesimweni esijwayelekile, ngenkathi isesikhundleni sikakaputeni, ngisho nakadala iminyaka engama-26.
Enkonzweni eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala eKovno, njengoba ngesikhathi sokubusa eGrodno naseSaratov, i-Stolypypy yanaka ukunakwa okuningi kwezolimo, yafundwa izindlela ezithuthukile ku-agronomy kanye namamaki amasha ezitshalo zokuhlalisana. EGrodno, wakwazi ukuqeda imiphakathi yezihlubuki ezinsukwini ezimbili, avule izikole zezandla zezandla kanye nezindawo zokuzivocavoca ezikhethekile zabesifazane. Impumelelo yakhe yabona futhi yahunyushelwa eSaratov, esifundazweni esicebile ngokwengeziwe. Kwakulapho lapho uPeter Arkadyevich atholakele impi yaseRussia - yaseJapan, elandelwa yi-bunth yonyaka we-1905 wavuka. Umbusi waphuma wazothambisa isixuku sokuvukela kwabantu bezwe. Ngenxa yezenzo ezinamandla ze-stolyppin, impilo esifundazweni saseSaratov kancane yathula.
UNicholas II waveza kabili ukubonga kwakhe kuye, kwathi okwesithathu ngamisa uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi. Namuhla ungacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyilungelo elikhulu. Eqinisweni, laba bantu abalandeli ababili kulokhu babulawa ngonya, futhi uPeter Arkadyevich akazange azimisele ngokwesithathu, ikakhulukazi njengoba imizamo emine yamnikezela kuye, kepha akukho ukukhetha. Ubulukhuni bomsebenzi ukuthi ingxenye eyinhloko yokwakheka kombuso we-Duma eguqukayo futhi yavulwa iphikisana. Ukuxabana okunjalo phakathi kwesikhulu nesishayamthetho kudalwe ubunzima obukhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, uMbuso wokuqala waseDuma wachithwa, futhi i-stolypypypypypypy yaqala ukuhlanganisa isikhundla sayo neposi likaNdunankulu.
Lapha, uPeter Arkadyevich Stolypypini waphinda futhi. Ubekhombisa hhayi isikhulumi esihle kuphela, imishwana eminingi yaqala ukumbozwa, kodwa futhi futhi nomguquki, kanye nokulwa okungenasibindi ngenguquko. I-Stolypy yenze izikweletu eziningi ezingene endabeni njengenguquko yezolimo ye-stolyppin. Kwaba izikhala zikaNdunankulu, wahlala waze wafa, weza ngenxa yokuzama.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-Petra Stolypypy
Njengoba uNdunankulu uStolypin Peter Arkadyevich Reform waqala ukwethula ngokushesha. Bakhathazekile izikweletu, kanye nenqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe, kanye nemizimba kahulumeni basekhaya, kanye nenkinga yezwe. Kepha inani elivelele lithole ukuguqulwa kwezolimo kwe-stolyppin. Umqondo oyinhloko wendunankulu kwakuwukugqugquzela abalimi ukuba babe abanikazi bamazimfihlo. Uma uhlobo lwangaphambilini lomphakathi ludutshulwe ngolwazi lwabasebenzi abaningi, manje uPeter Arkadyevich unesifiso sokuthembela ekufutheni okucebile.
Ukuze wenze amapulani afanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi enze imalimboleko ebhange elinenzuzo kakhulu yabalimi bangasese, kanye nokudlulisa izindawo ezinkulu zoMbuso eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude, eCentral Asia naseNyakatho Caucasus ezandleni zangasese. Ukuguqulwa kwesibili okubalulekile kwakuyiZemstvo, okungukuthi, ukwethulwa kweziphathimandla zasekhaya, okunciphise umthelela kwinqubomgomo yabanini bomhlaba abacebile. Le shintsho lePeter Stolypyppin kunzima kakhulu ukungena empilweni, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseNtshonalanga, lapho abakhileyo be bejwayele ukuthembela kuMfundi. Waphikisana nomqondo nangoMkhandlu Wezomthetho.
Ngenxa yalokho, uNdunankulu kufanele aze aze aze aze afike kumbusi. UNicholas II wayekulungele ukwenza kanzima nge-stolyppin, kepha i-Empress Maria Fodorovna yangenelela, ekhothamela indodana ehlelekile, izimo zoMguquli zingenelele. Ngenxa yesithathu, izinguquko zezimboni, imithetho yokuqasha izisebenzi ishintshile, isikhathi sosuku lokusebenza sesishintshile, umshuwalense ngokumelene nezifo kanye nezingozi nokunye. Enye inguquko ebaluleke ngokulinganayo kaPeter Arkadyevich Stolypin othintekayo umbuzo kazwelonke.
Wayengumsekeli wenhlangano yezwe laleli lizwe futhi wacela ukudala inkonzo ekhethekile yezizwe, engathola ukuyekethisa ukuze ahlangabezane nezintshisekelo zesizwe ngasinye, ngaphandle kokuhlambalaza amasiko awo, inkolo, umlando, izilimi, inkolo. UNdunankulu wayekholelwa ukuthi ngale ndlela ungaqeda ukungezwani futhi kwezenkolo futhi wenza iRussia ithandeka ngokulinganayo kumuntu wanoma iliphi izwe.
Imiphumela yezinguquko ze-stolyppin
Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi ye-stolyppin nangesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, futhi izazi-mlando zobungcweti ezedlule zazidida. UPeter Arkadyevich wayehlala njengabasekeli be-arcade abakholelwa ukuthi angavimba kuphela iRussiya elandelayo futhi asindise isitha seminyaka eminingi, futhi asikho isikhondiso esiseduze nezindlela ezinokhahlo futhi azizange zikufanele Ndumiso. Imiphumela yezinguquko ze-stolypypini yafundwa ngokucophelela amashumishumi eminyaka, futhi kwakuyinto eyayisekelwe ekuhlelweni kabusha kweMikhail Gorbachev. Imishwana yeStolypy mayelana "neRussia enkulu" ivame ukusetshenziswa amaqembu anamuhla ezepolitiki.
Abaningi banentshisekelo ebudlelwaneni bukaGregory Raspuputtin kanye ne-stolyppin. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi baphatheka kabi kabi. Peter Arkadyevich waze walungiselela umbusi umbiko okhethekile ngomthelela ongemuhle wemisebenzi ye-rasputtin eMbusweni waseRussia, owamukelwa yimpendulo edumile: "Kungcono ukuncibilikisa kwezenziso ze-Empress." Noma kunjalo, kwakusesicelweni seStolyppin "i-Raspuputin ishiywe hhayi kuphela iSt. Petersburg, kodwa futhi neRussia, izobuyela eJerusalema, yabe isibuya kuphela ngemuva kokushona koshintsho odumile.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UPeter Stolypywin washada ngeminyaka engama-22, usemfundi, eyayingenangqondo ngaleso sikhathi. Abanye besikhathi besikhathi se-stolypypywin bathi waxosha odongeni oluqinile, kanti abanye bathi le nsizwa yavikela udumo lomndeni. Iqiniso ngukuthi uPeter Arkadyevich unkosikazi kaMfowethfwe umfowabo omdala uMikhail, owashona evela eRussia Academy of Science, etholwe ku-duel ngePrince Shakhovsky. Futhi ngokufayo, okusolakala ukuthi umfowethu wacela uPhetro ukuthi athathe umfazi wakhe.
Ngabe lo mlando wenganekwane noma cha, kepha i-stolypyppin yashada ngempela u-Olga Naidgardt, owayengubani uFreilan Empress Mary Fodorovna, futhi kwadingeka ukuthi abe ngumkhuzi omkhulu kwi-Commander Great Alexander Suvorov. Lo mshado waphenduka wajabula kakhulu; ngokobufakazi bezikhathi zesikhathi, kwaba nomphefumulo emphefumulweni. Abashadikazi bazalwa ngamadodakazi amahlanu nendodana eyodwa. Ukuphela kwendodana kaPeter Stolypywin, ogama lakhe lalingu-Arkady, kamuva lafika kwelinye izwe futhi lizoba ngumbhali odumile loMphakathi eFrance.
Ukushona
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuPeter Stolypyppin, amahlandla ayishumi ayazama ukutholakala. Wayefuna ukumbulala amahlandla amane lapho uPeter Arkadyevich Stolypin wayengumbusi waseSaratov, kodwa kwakungelokho hhayi ukuthi ahlele izenzo, kepha ahlehlise ubudlova. Kepha lapho ekhanda uhulumeni, izinguquko zaqala ukuhlela ukubulawa kwakhe kahle. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala kukaNdunankulu, kwenziwa ukuqhuma esiqhingini sasePhemaceroy, lapho i-stolypini yayo yayingalimalanga khona, kepha abantu abaningi abangenacala bafa.
Kungemva kwalesi sehlakalo ukuthi uhulumeni wakhipha isimemezelo ezinkantolo "zokuphila" ezithola igama elithi "Stolypynsky Tie". Lokhu kwakusho inhlawulo yokufa okusheshayo kubashokobezi. Kudalulwe ama-Conspirac alandelayo emboni futhi futhi awazange alimaze uMguquko. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngomhlaka 11, ekwenzile ekwindla ka-1911, ukuvikela uPeter Arkadyevich Stolypypini wayengeke esakwazi.
Yena, kanye nomndeni wombuso, ubeseKiev ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwesikhumbuzo ku-Alexander II. Lapho, kusukela kumfundisi oyimfihlo, uDmitry Broga weza umyalezo wokuthi abashokobezi bafika enhloko-dolobha yase-Ukraine ukubulala uNicholas II. Kepha eqinisweni, umzamo wakhulelwa yiBogrov uqobo, hhayi kuMbusi, kodwa nge-stolyppin. Futhi njengoba lo muntu ethembele, wanikwa indawo yokulala eshashalazini, lapho kwakukhona khona ama-specials aphezulu. UBoglov wadutshulwa kabili ePeter Arkadyevich, owayesemanxebeni atholakele adlula ezinsukwini ezine kamuva wangcwatshwa eKiev-Pechersk Lavra.