I-Biograge
I-Alexandra Kerensky nanamuhla, abaningi babheka "i-Arter" yenkosi yaseRussia, bamangalela bobabili ekufeni komndeni wasebukhosini, futhi kuleso siphithiphithi segazi, esasingenzeki ngemuva kokubhuqelwa kwenkosi. Uvakashele kakhulu amandla, okokuqala ngqa emlandweni, waba umbusi osemusha kunabo bonke beRussia enkulu awekho ngakwesokunene sefa: kwamyisa kulolu moya wokuguqula umoya. Kepha umoya ofanayo futhi "oshaywayo" uKerensky ngesihlalo sobukhosi. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, kusukela esigodlweni sasebusika kwakufanele agijime ngengubo yowesifazane. Abanye bathi - ezingutsheni zomhlengikazi, abanye bathi - incekukazi.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alexander Fedorovovich Kerensky wazalwa ngoMeyi 1881 eSimbirsk. Tom uqobo, lapho uVladimir Ulyanov (uLenin) uvele ngasikhathi sinye. Ngenxa yomehluko eminyakeni yobudala, babengebona abangane, kodwa abazali babo babengabangani. Ubaba, owaphothula eMhlanganweni wasemafinzini ongokomoya wasePheni, wazitholela umsebenzi wezwe. Njengoba sesisebenze iminyaka eminingana esikoleni sase-County, wathola enye imfundo ephakeme, ngemuva kokuphothula ekhasini lomlando kanye nobuchwepheshe beKazan University.
Ngemuva kwemisebenzi yokufundisa, wajwayela esihlalweni soMqondisi weSimbirsk Mane Gymnasium. Lapho, wahlangana nomqondisi weSymbirsk School of School Olyoy Nikolayevich Ulyanov. Babengabangani nemindeni. Umfundi odume kakhulu weKerensky kwakuyi-Vladimir Ulyanov efanayo. Ngemuva kokuboshwa kanye nokubulawa komfowabo u-Alexander Foodor Kerensky wanikeza uVladimir Ulyanov isimilo esihle, ngaphandle kwaso wayengeke akwazi ukungena eyunivesithi.
EKazan, uKazan, uKerensky washada nomzukulu wasemshinini ocebile waseMoscow kanye nendodakazi yekhanda le-topographic bureau esifundeni samasosha aseKazan Adler. Abanye abacwaningi baphikelela ngemvelaphi yayo yamaJuda, abanye babizwa ngokuthi yi-bounce ngezimpande zaseRussia - zaseJalimane.
EKazan, uKazan wazalelwa amadodakazi amathathu, nangemva kokuthuthela eSimbursk amadodana amabili - u-Alexander noFedori. USasha, indodana endala, wakujabulela uthando olukhethekile. Ngiseyingane, wayenesifo sofuba i-femur, kepha ngemuva kwesikhathi eside sokuvuselela kabusha wakwazi ukubuyisela ngokuphelele ukuhamba futhi adansa kahle.
Ngo-1889, uKerensky-Seanider wamisa umhloli omkhulu wezikole eTurkestan Terre. Lo mndeni wathuthela eTashkent, lapho uSasha oneminyaka engu-8 ubudala waya e-Gymnasium. Ubengumfundi ophumelele kakhulu futhi wakhombisa amakhono abuciko abuciko ayemkhulu ngaye esikhathini esizayo. Ngo-1899, u-Alexander Kerensky uthweswe iziqu ze-Gymnasium ngendondo yegolide waya eSt. Petersburg. Lapho, wakhipha inyuvesi kalula ngokukhetha ubuhlakani bomthetho.
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
ESt. Petersburg, u-Alexander Kerensky waqala umsebenzi ophumelelayo wezomthetho. Ngokushesha wayiqonda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi wakujabulela ukuthathwa ngezinqubo zezepolitiki. Ngozwela oluthile, wasebenzisa izinguquko kanye noBuntari, ababona ababonile ezinkantolo. Ngo-1912, kwamenyelwa ummeli osemusha ukuba ahole ukuthunywa komphakathi eHulumeni, okwaphenywa nguLensky Shot. Lo nyaka kubhekwa njengokuqala kwe-biography yezepolitiki ka-Alexander Kerensky.
Ngokushesha wathuthela izitebhisi zomsebenzi. Ummeli osemusha, iqembu elinozwela laseSerc, laqokwa yiPhini Lika-IV State Duma. Ngokushesha waba yiCumier of Liberals. Kusukela ngo-1915, uKerensky waziwa njengesikhulumi esihle kakhulu sombuso we-Duma, omele ikamu lesokunxele. Ukuze uhlale e-Olimpiki yezepolitiki, kwadingeka ukuthi kube njalo nenye into 'ukukhulisa iziqu' ze-radical yakhe. Futhi vele ngo-1916, ukudeza kwakhe kwafinyelela isilinganiso esinjalo esigcizelela u-Alexander FÖdorovna waphosa ukuthi kufanele alengiswe.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, i-February Revolution yabulawa. UKerensky wayephakathi kwabaholi bakhe. Inkosi yayichithwa, yeka ukuthi usopolitiki wayephupha ngasikhathi sini, ngaphandle kokucasha, acasulwe. Isiguquli selangabi esinamakhono agqamile esihlaseli sinxuse kalula amasosha amabutho asebukhosini ukuba ahambe ngasohlangothini lwenguquko. Wahola mathupha ukuboshwa kwezikhulu zasebukhosini kanye nongqongqoshe, futhi wabeka amabutho amaningi okulahlekelwa nguNikolai II nomfowabo uMikhail Alexandrovich.
U-Alexander Kerensky uba yisithixo sangempela sabantu abasha, i-Liberal Idol. Ukhulekelwa njengokwaphezulu, ekuhlonipheni kwakhe kusekelwe ku-OD. Abesifazane abamniki ukudlula. Izimbali eza ezandleni zakhe zigopha ngokuhaha futhi zihlukanise njengezinto ze-talisman.
Ngalesi sikhathi, insizwa enokubukeka okumangalisayo okugqamile, kuvela i-bobrik hairstyle edumile, yasungulwa ngumlingani wayo omncane. Ugqoka ama-French amasosha, yize amasosha alikaze. Lesi sithombe sihambisana ngokuphelele ne- "Fashion" yezepolitiki: Konke okukuKerensky kukhuluma ngokuvuselelwa kwakhe kwezinguquko.
Kepha ngokushesha "asceticism" kwakhe kwaba inganekwane. Ngemuva kokuthi u-Alexander Kerensky waba nguNgqongqoshe wohulumeni wesikhashana, wathuthela esigodlweni sasebusika. Amahlebezi okuthi uNgqongqoshe alala kulowo owake waba ngumbhede wangaphambili we-Empress ahlasela eceleni kwe-petrograph yezinguquko. Uqala ukubiza ngokuthi "Alexander IV".
Ngokuhleleka komholi omusha, zonke izinguquko zibuya kusixhumanisi. E-Petrograd, "ugogo weRassiona Revolution" wabuyiselwa ngokuqinile e-Ekaterina Breschko-breschkovskaya. Owayenguhlelo lokwahlulela olwalukwahlulela ngenxa yemizamo ka-Alexander Fedorovovich Kerensky yabhujiswa. Waqeda inkantolo yobugebengu obuphakeme, amakamelo wokwahlulela nezinkantolo zezifunda. Ngasikhathi sinye, amajaji ayeka ngaphandle kokuchazwa, emnyango noma ekubhaleni.
Kodwa-ke, ngo-1917, i-pendulum yomlando yafunga ngaphesheya. Ukuqhakaza kokuqala okuphawulekayo kudumo lomholi - ukwehluleka kwe-June 1917 kuyahlaseka. Ukuwa kwezomnotho, ubuphofu obukhulayo babantu abalula, izinqubomgomo ezihlulekile zokubekwa phambili futhi ezigxilwe e-Chaos Army zichitha i-halo ezungeze isithombe.
U-Alexander Kerensky uphoqeleka ukuthi ashintshe kakhulu inkambo kahulumeni ayibhekile. Kufanele athembele kubaphathi abalondolozekayo, aqoke induna kaGeneral Cornilov. Kepha ukuthi ngo-Agasti 1917 wathutha amabutho ephepheni lezinguquko ukuletha "i-oda" lapho.
UKerensky uyakuqonda ukuthi ngaphansi kwaleli gama uKornilov akaqondakali nje kuphela ekuhlanzeni amaBolsheviks, kodwa nakuhulumeni okhululekile oholwa nguye. Ngakho-ke, osopolitiki umemezele ngokuvamile lesi sihlubuki futhi wacela umzabalazo uBolsheviks, owayebhekisisa izitha izolo.
Ngo-Okthoba 1917, iBolshevik yahlasela isigodlo sasebusika. U-Alexander Fedorovovich kwadingeka ukuba agijime. Kamuva, yena, kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo, ecasulwa yinganekwane ye- "Female dress", izolungiswa nje, okungeke kugijime nakancane. Yebo, futhi ukugqokwa kwakusesutsheni yabesilisa. Futhi ngashiya inxusa laseMelika, okusolwa ukuthi amaMelika aphakamisa yena. Kuliqiniso, ama-diplomati aseMelika aphikisane nokuthi imoto yathathwa nje ngu-Alexander Kerensky.
Buyela eqenjini idola langaphambili alikwazanga. Waphenduka ngokungadingekile hhayi kuphela ngamabutho alwa-bolshevik akhaphela, kodwa futhi nakwabangane bayo izolo - u-Esraram.
Ukuthengisa isikhashana eseRussia, u-Alexander Kerensky wathuthela phesheya. Lapho, wazama ngeze ukuxoxisana nabaholi bezepolitiki ngokungenelela kwangaphandle ukuze bagumbuqele ama-bolsheviks aqiniswe ezandleni zabo. Ubudlelwano nabafuduki abashiya leli lizwe ngemuva kokugumbuqelwa kwenkosi kwaphenduka okungaphezu kokupholile. Abaningi babheka nje ukuthi bambulali ngombulali womndeni wasebukhosini kanye naleso simbatho sokuwa kombuso omkhulu.
Okwesikhashana, umfuduki wahlala eParis. Wabe esethuthela e-United States, lapho ahlanganyela khona ekubhaleni imiyalo nemisebenzi yokufundisa. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, u-Alexander Kerensky wazama ukuthola imvume yokungena e-USSR, kodwa wenqatshwa. Intshisekelo empilweni yalobuntu obuqine ayibhalisi namuhla. Waqubuka nebutho elisha ngemuva kokukhululwa ngo-2014 kwizikrini zochungechunge oludumile mayelana ne-RASPOTINA "GriGory R.".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokokuqala ngqa, osopolitiki bashada ngo-1904. U-Olga Baranovskaya ngaleso sikhathi wayeyinto "ecabanga kancane kancane." Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi ngaphandle komndeni ompofu Kepha abazali bakhe abuzange bavume umshado, becabanga ngeqembu nabaseKeren Mesallia ngentokazi esencane ehle. Noma kunjalo, abathandi bashada futhi baqhuba iholide lezinyosi efeni likaSanta Olga.
Igagasi lezepolitiki, elakhisa ummeli osemusha esiqongweni sodumo nenkazimulo, lalikhonjiswa masinyane empilweni yomndeni walo mbhangqwana. Impilo yonke nokukhathazeka ngezingane ezimbili ezazilele emahlombe zowesifazane osemusha. Ukuvalelwa okufushane nezixhumanisi u-Olga nakho kwahlukanisa lowo oshade naye.
Kepha ngo-1912, lapho u-Alexander Fedorovovich ekhethwe eHulumeni eDuma futhi waba ngumuntu womphakathi kanye nezintokazi zezithombe, umshado uvinjelwe emthungo. Okwesikhashana, u-Olga wavalela amehlo akhe amanoveli amaningi namasono anomyeni wakhe, kodwa-ke akwazanga ukumelana nakho. Kubukeka sengathi ukwehla kokugcina kwakuyinoveli yoMlingani wakhe nomzala wakhe.
Ngo-1917, umndeni wavala ubukhona babo. UKerensky waphunyuka, u-Olga wasala ezweni: isinxibi, nezingane ezimbili ezincane, washushiswa futhi walandela iziphathimandla, waphuthuma ezweni lonke, wacasha emadolobhaneni ashiyile.
Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa wakwazi ukushelela ukushelela phesheya, e-Estonia. Ukusuka lapho, umyeni wangaphambili wahumusha u-Olga nezingane eNgilandi futhi wawashiya lapho. Impilo yomuntu siqu u-Alexander Kerensky wathuthela endleleni yakhe. Wakhumbula amadodana andala kuphela ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II futhi wasondela kubo.
Unkosikazi wesibili kaKerensky wayeyintatheli uLidia Tretton, oxhumana nabo eParis yezincwadi eziningi zase-Australia. Ufa ngenxa yomdlavuza ezandleni zoMzawabo Onothando, wamshiya enyanyekayo.
Ukushona
Kuyamangaza ukuthi le ndaba enengubo yaseKerensky yaqhubeka. Umfuduki osekhulile waseRussia wayiswa komunye wemitholampilo, kodwa ayikho indawo yeklayenti eliphansi eliphansi esibhedlela samahhala. Wavuka embhedeni wamahhala emnyangweni we-gynecology. UVeteran wezepolitiki yaseRussia wakuthobela umuzwa omubi futhi wadluliselwa kwelinye igatsha.
Imali ebonakalayo etholakele ekwelashweni kuka-Alexander Fedorovovich, ethengisa ngoMgcinibonyo Sakhe. Ngemuva kwenhlolovo kwavela ukuthi wayenomdlavuza. Indoda endala ekhanyiselwe ngokungathi sína yenqabile ukwelapha. Akazange athathe ukudla. Futhi lapho kwafakwa ngenkani ngesisombululo sokudla okunempilo eVienna, isiguli sakhipha inaliti.
U-Alexander Kerensky ushone ngoJuni 11, 1970 ekhaya lakhe eNew York. Amasonto e-Orthodox anqabile ukusukuma, ecabanga ngenjongo yokuwa kweRussia. Isidumbu sawela eLondon, lapho indodana yamngcwaba khona kwelinye lamathuna, okungeyona eyanoma yikuphi ukuvuma izono.