I-Biograge
Mhlawumbe, lokhu kungenye yezinhlamvu eziphikisanayo nezinhlobonhlobo zomlando waseRussia. Indodana kaVladimir Monomakh, wambozwa isifiso esingaguquki ukwandisa amandla nokuphamba, ukuphila wonke amadolobha amasha namasha kanye nemizana.
Isazi-mlando esidumile saseRussia uVasily Tatishchev, echaza i-biography yesikhulu, okukhulunywe ngaye ukuthi isikhulu 'sabafundisi esikhulu sabesifazane, ukudla okumnandi nesiphuzo.' Futhi wakhathalela ngaphezu kwakho konke "mayelana nenjabulo, kunokuba aphathe kanye nezempi." Yena uqobo wayenza okuncane, abeke izibopho ezijwayelekile "ezinganeni nezikhulu zakwa-Allied".
NgeTatishchev, omunye umlando ovumayo kanye nohulumeni - uMikhail Shcherbatov. Wayekholelwa ukuthi izikhophi eziqanjwe nguDolgoruky "ezenzeka ngesikhathi sikaYuri ngezimfanelo zomuntu siqu. Inkosana, njengenkosi yasePheresiya ka-Aritahither, yabonisa ukuthi "ukuhaha kokutholwa".
UVasily Tatishchev ofanayo wafika esiphethweni sokuthi usuku lokuzalwa lwenkosana kufanele lubhekwe njengeminyaka eyi-1090. Uma kunjalo, khona-ke umama wakhe waba yiWesses, umngane wakhe wokuqala kaVladimirim Monakh. Ngemvelaphi, wayeyinkosazana yesiNgisi, indodakazi yenkosi yokugcina yabusa yama-Anglo-Sates Harold II.
Kodwa-ke, uGürhev Mati (umama waseYuri), oshiwo 'emfundisweni' kaVladimir Monakh, washona ngoMeyi 1107, futhi uGita washona entwasahlobo ka-1098. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, umama walesi sillos angaba ngumkakho wesibili kaMonakh - efimia.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uYuri Dolgoruky uvele ngesikhathi esiphakathi kuka-1095 no-1097. Kepha awukho umbono oyedwa, ngakho-ke kukholakala ukuthi isikhulu sazalwa sazalelwa ku-1090s.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Omunye umfana uYuri, kanye nomfowethu womdabu, uMstislav wathunyelwa eRostov.
Kusukela ngo-1117, iBhodi elizimele laseDolgoruky laqala. Kepha ekuqaleni kwawo-1130s, wayengalawuleki eningizimu, esondela ePreinistry yaseKiveriting ehlonishwayo. Imicimbi esemqoka kwenqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe neyasekhaya kaYuri Dolgoruky yaba yimikhankaso eminingi yokunqoba lapho inkosana yathatha khona.
Ngo-1132, uYuri wathumba uPereyaslavl Russian. Kepha akakwazanga ukukulungisa lapho isikhathi eside - kuphela isonto elizongena. Ngomphumela ofanayo, ukuthathwa kwePereyaslavl kwathweswa umqhele ngo-1135.
I-restless Yuri Dolgoruki ihlala ingenelele ekuwohlokeni kweTransfreight. Wayenentshisekelo ekhethekile eKiev enkulu, lapho ngaleso sikhathi umshana wakhe u-Izzwelav Mtilavovich wabuswa. Phambilini leli dolobha labuswa nguyise kaYuri, uVladimir Monomakh, ngakho-ke isikhulu esivelele isikhulu se-IStovo safuna ukuthatha lesi sihlalo sobukhosi esiphakeme. Emizameni eminingana yokwazi kiev ezintathu kwaba yimpumelelo. AmaKevider awazange athande ukuhaha nokunonya.
Isikhathi sokuqala ukuthatha idolobha elifiselekayo laseDolgorukomu liphethwe ngo-1149. U-Yuri washaya amabutho e-IASLAV e-Mstislavich yesibili futhi wathumba eKiev. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwakhe kwaphenduka ubukhosi bakaTorovsky ne-pereyaslav. UMfowethu vyacheslav Vyacheslav Vyaevoda wanikeza i-Vergorod.
Inqubo yokukhohlisa yendabuko, eyayisekelwe emgomweni wokuba ophakeme, wephulwa, ngakho-ke umzabalazo we-Kiev Restone waqhubeka. U-Izyaslav wavumelana namaPoland and Hungary Allies naku-1150-51 wabuya eKiev. UVyacheslav wenza umquba.
UVoivode wazama ukuzama ukudikibalisa idolobha. Kepha impi yaphela ngokunqotshwa okucasulayo emfuleni iRuta.
Ukuhlasela kwesibili okuphumelelayo eKiev yeVoivode eyenziwe ngo-1153. Usemisele imvume yeGrand Duke Kiethe Roostislav, waxosha edolobheni lase-Iaslavlava. URostislav waze wanika ophumelele isihloko se-Grand Duke kiev. Futhi futhi akuzange kusebenze esihlalweni sobukhosi isikhathi eside.
Kepha umzamo wesithathu waba umqhele ngempumelelo. Unqobile eKive unqobile ngo-1155, umbusi wawutholile isihloko senkosana enkulu yaseKiev futhi wagxila lapha kwaze kwaba yilapho kudideka ngokwalo. Kodwa-ke, lapha ukubusa isikhathi eside akuzange kusebenze: U-Yuri Dolgoruky washona eminyakeni engu-2 emva kokunqotshwa kweKiev, ngo-1157.
Iminyaka yokubusa kukaPrince Yuri Dolgorukh yayiphikisana. I-Welject yayinomona, ngobuqili nokuhaha, kepha ngasikhathi sinye yabizwa ngokuthi iqhawe elinesibindi nelinekhono. Abanye abacwaningi bambheka njengabo bonke abayiziphukuphuku, abathonya kahle imiphumela yokubusa isikhathi eside. I-Merit of the Prince ifaka phakathi inyunyana noMbuso weByzantine (kufaka phakathi ukuhweba), kanye nesiphetho senkontileka enokuthula nePolovtsy, futhi yize kukhona ukuhlala okufushane eKiev Restone.
Kepha kwenzeka kanjalo ukuthi izicukuthwane, impilo yami yonke iphupha ngeKiev, ihlotshaniswa nomunye idolobha - iMoscow. Izizukulwane zikubheka njengomsunguli wenhlokodolobha. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, uYuri Dolgoruky ubuyile esuka eKiev eya eVladimir nasezixhashayo wabona isilo esingajwayelekile se-shaggy enamakhanda amathathu, ancibilikile enkungwini ngokuqala ekuseni. Eduze kwale ndawo, kwatholakala indawo yokuhlala kaYoyarin Kuchka, eyayihlonze i-squint yesikhulu futhi ayizange inikeze ukuncika ezivakashi ezingalindelekile. Ephendula lokhu, uYuri Dolgoruky wathatha umquba wamasosha wale ndawo, ngenkathi ebulala isixuku.
U-Yuri wawunamhawu kuphela ngabantwana bakwaBoyhari - amadodakazi ultimate, owake washada nendodana ka-Andreri bogolyubyky, namadodana - uPeter noYakimi. Lapho izingane zakwethu zeqembu zivula imfihlakalo yokufa kukayise, baya emgqeni futhi babulala indodana kaYuri Dolgoruky - u-Andrey. Leli qiniso lichazwa empilweni kaPrince BOGOLYUBSKY, eyakhazinyuliswa kamuva yiSonto LaseRussia Orthodox eLick of Saints.
Ngo-1147, ngokuhleleka, ngokuhleleka kwe-Yuri, iDolgoruky emaphethelweni asenyakatho-mpumalanga yeRussia, kwabekwa indawo yokuhlala, indima yayo kwakuwukuvikelwa kwemingcele. Iphakanyiselwe egqumeni ekuhlanganiseni kwemifula emithathu. Kwakuyindawo ekahle ye-watchdogs. Ukuxazululwa kwavela ukuthi kuthandeke empilweni futhi kwaqala ukukhula ngokushesha.
Ngomhla ka-1147 wombusi, ebuya emkhankasweni wokuya eNovgorod, wabhala umlingani, uCherniGovo-Seversky Prince Svyatoslav Olgovich, umyalezo: "eMoscoy kimi, mfowethu, eMoscow!". Kulomlayezo, kukhulunywa okokuqala ngqa. Kamuva, i-chronicle yathi inkosana yaphenduka incangu, ejwayelene nabo bonke abahlonishwayo bomlando waseRussia. I-Ipatiev Chronicle ithi incwadi yenkosana yilona umthombo wokuqala wolwazi mayelana nenhloko-dolobha ye-Russia. Ngakho-ke, i-1147th ibhekwa njengonyaka wokusekelwa komuzi.
Endaweni yomlando, kukhona inguqulo, ngakho-ke leli dolobha selivele likhona ngalo mzuzu wokukhuluma esimweni se-archway engatherni iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Esihlokweni sisebenzise izimpande ezimbili ezindala zeSlavic: "Mosk", okuthi ekuhumusheni kuzwakala njenge- "flint" kanye "nokufihla" - "Fihla". Ngokuvamile, igama lasho ukuthi "indawo yokukhosela enamatshe".
Hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi iMoscow ibhekwa 'ukuzalwa' ngalokhu okuhle. U-Yuri Dolgoruki wasungula i-Dmitrov, ebiza lo muzi ukuhlonipha ubuthongo bokulala kwe-vsevolod isidleke esikhulu, ubhapathizwa nguDmitry. Futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1150s, i-Voivo yasungulwa i-pereyaslavl-zalessky ne-yuriev-polsky. Izinguquko ngesikhathi sokubusa kwesikhulu azenziwa. Impumelelo enkulu yemisebenzi yangaphakathi yezepolitiki yababusi ifaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha, izinqaba namathempeli. Ukuze uqinise amandla eDolgoruky, eholele eMastery of Aastern Lands kanye nesimo esizolile emingceleni yaseMpumalanga.
Ngomhlaka 1154, ukoma kokunqoba kwaqala inkosana. Wathumba uRyazan, wayishaya ngePrince Rostislav. Ukubusa lo muzi kwakuyindodana kaDolkhogo - u-Andrei Bogolyubsky. Kepha bekungenzeki ukugcina iRyazan: URostislav wanqoba ukusekelwa kwePolovtsy futhi wangqongqoza abahlaseli abavela kuViclob wabo.
Ngo-1156, umsunguli wenkosana waseMoscow waqinisa idolobha lasePalico ejulile yokhuni. Ubuke indodana yakhe u-Andrei bogolyubsky.
Akuyona yonke indawo inqubomgomo kaYuri Dolgoruky yazondwa ngendlela efanayo nakuKiev. Enyakatho yeRussia, inkumbulo enhle yasindiswa ngaye. Lapha bakholwa ukuthi ubeka amandla amaningi elungiselelweni lezwe laseRussia.
Ngempilo yakhe, umkhuzi weVladimir-on-Klyazma wavuka. Futhi nokho okunesidumbu esisele ngemuva kwesikhumbuzo sokwakha izakhiwo - Isonto Lesivikelo Sezomhlaba jikelele ePereyaslavl-Zalessky, esontweni laseBoris eKidekshe, eSt. Poarsky, esontweni laseGladimir noMsindisi eSuzdal.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-Welject yayishade kabili. Unkosikazi wokuqala uDolgoruky - ndodakazi kaPolovtsy Khan Aepea Aenevich. Lo mshado wakhulelwa nguVladimir Monomakh, ukuba nenhloso ngokusebenzisa inyunyana ukuqinisa umhlaba nge-polovtsy. Impilo yomuntu siqu ye-Yuri Dolgoruky enesigamu iye yathuthuka ngenjabulo. Kulo mshado, kwavela izingane eziyi-8 emhlabeni.
Ngemuva kokushona koshade naye wokuqala, isikhulu sashada ngokwesibili. Unkosikazi wakhe waba yiTsarevna Olga, indodakazi (ngokolunye ulwazi - udadewabo) weByzantine Empeel Manuel aqale. Ukusuka emishadweni emibili uYuri Dolgoruky, izingane eziyi-13 zazalwa.
Phakathi kwamadodana kaYuri Dolgoruky waduma u-Andrei Bogolyubky, owaqinisa isikhundla sokuba ngumphathi we-vladimir-suzdal, owaba umnyombo weRussia wanamuhla, kanye ne-vsevolod "isidleke esikhulu", ngemuva kokubulala ngemuva kokubulala umdala u-Andrei wathatha izintambo ukubusa kokubusa kwe-Princity. Umzukulu weVsevolod III - U-Alexander Nevsky - waduma ngokunqoba phezu kweLivonian Knights ngesikhathi sokulimala kweqhwa.
Ukushona
Ngo-1157, uYuri Dolgoruky, wabuyela eKiev, wahamba ngendodakazi ka-petrily emkhosini. Ngobusuku bangase-10, isikhulu sazizwa isifiso. Abanye abacwaningi bathambekele ekukholelwe ukuthi iKieviskaya enobuthi engashintshi eyayinobuthi. Ezinsukwini ezi-5 kamuva, ngoMeyi 15, umbusi wafa.
AmaKiviya akazange alinde isikhathi eside isikhathi eside: Meyi 16, ngosuku lomngcwabo, baphanga igceke leVelmazby elizondwa yibo nendodana yakhe. UKiev waphinde wathatha ummeleli welayini uCherniGov Davydovich, i-IZYaslav owesithathu.
Ngisho nomzimba we-Kiev Kievit oshonile akazange avume ukumngcwaba eduze koyise uVladimir Monomakh. Ithuna leNkosana lahlela kwenye indawo. U-Yuri Dolgoruky wangcwatshwa endaweni kaKiev-Pechersk Lavra - kuMsindisi weBerestovsky Resource.
Ukukhumbula
Izazi-mlando, zinikeza isimilo sikaYuri Dolgorukha, zihlole kahle umnikelo wakhe endabeni, zibiza inkosana "yamazwe aseRussia." Izinhloso nezinhloso zezinqubomgomo zakhe kwakuwukuqiniswa kwamandla asemqoka ngaphezu kwezikhulu zaseRussia, ezinomthelela ekwehlweni ezimpini zomuzi.
Isikhumbuzo esiseYuri Dolgorukhi esikwenzisweni se-Tverter of the capital - inkokhiso kwiNkosana Yomsunguli. Lesi sithombe esidalwa yiphrojekthi uS. Orlov sasungulwa ngo-1954, yize isikhumbuzo samvumela mathupha uJoseph Stalin ngosuku lokugubha iminyaka engama-800 eMosse. Isithombe seNkosana saphenduka saba sihlangene, ngoba imiphumela ngqo ye-Yuriy Dolgorukha ayigcinwanga. Esihlangu esisesihlangulweni se-gradar, kuboniswa uGeorge enqoba. Emhlobiso, onquma itshe lesikhumbuzo, izithombe zeSlavic Folklore nezisusa zakudala eza eRussia ngokusebenzisa iByzantium zasetshenziswa.
Futhi ngo-Ephreli 2007, kwahlelwa umkhumbi wezembatho wokuqokwa kwamasu athile eRussia. Isikebhe esithi "Yuri Dolgoruky" - esinye "iselula" esikhumbuzweni se-Grand Duke.
Ngenkumbulo yaseYuri, i-dolgoruk ikhiqiza njalo izinhlamvu zemali zesikhumbuzo. Bavele emkhumbulweni angama-800, bese kuwukugubha iminyaka engama-850 yokusungulwa kwenhloko-dolobha yaseRussia.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo aqhamuka e-biography kaPrince Dolgoruky abezinikelwe kumafilimu amaningi abhaliwe, kwathi ngo-1998 itheyiphu yezobuciko "IPrince Yuri Dolgoruky" yaphuma lapho amakhemikhali e-boris adlale khona umlingiswa ophambili.
Ukukhumbula
- Izikhumbuzo Zuri Dolgorukhuku eMoscow, DNTOVROV, Kostroma, Zalesky, Yurnev-Polsky
- Isithombe sesikhulu esikhandisweni "senkumbulo yonyaka wama-800 waseMoscow"
- Igama le-asteroid (7223) dolgorukij, evulekile nge-astronomer yudmila karachkina
- Film film "Prince Yuri Dolgoruky"
- Ukwakha i-fullear yasemanzini yasendlini "Yuri Dolgoruky"
- Imoto yesitshalo semoto ye-moscow moscowes m-2141R5 "Yuri Dolgoruky" ngesisekelo semoto "Moskvich-2141"