I-Biograge
ILuzhkov Yuriy Mikhailovich ngusopolitiki okhanyayo weRussia Federation, iminyaka engu-18 ubudala asebenze yiMoscow, udokotela wesayensi yamakhemikhali, umlobi, eminyakeni yamuva nje - umlimi. UYuri Mikhailovich wazalelwa eMoscow (Usuku lokuzalwa - Septhemba 21, 1936), kodwa ekuqaleni ubuntwana, kanye neminyaka eyisikhombisa esikoleni wachitha eKonotop - endlini kagogo wakhe.Ngesikhathi sokubukeka kwakhe, isimo emndenini sasihle kakhulu. Ukuzama ukusinda, abazali baphoqeleka ukuba basebenze kakhulu: Ubaba wasebenza epulazini lamathangi kaMetropolitan, umama uthole ophathwayo esitshalweni. Ngakho-ke, ingane yanqunywa ukuxhasa ugogo wayo emugqeni kababa.
Ngo-1953, uYuri Luzhkov, ophothule esikoleni seminyaka eyisikhombisa, wabuyela kubazali eMoscow, lapho aphothula khona izifundo zakhe esikoleni esingu-529 (inombolo yesikole yamanje 1259) futhi yangena esikhungweni. Gubkin.
Ukutadisha kwakungelula, ikakhulukazi ngoba kwakudingeka ukuba uphile ngokufana. Ngesikhathi sesikhungo, udokotela wesikhathi esizayo wesayensi yamakhemikhali wakwazi ukusebenza njengo-janitor kanye nomthwalo esiteshini sesitimela.
Ngasikhathi sinye, amakhono akhe avelele wenhlangano abonakaliswa - kwi-akhawunti yomfundi ephethe imicimbi yomphakathi, i-Komsomol eqhubekayo. Esigabeni sokuqala sokusebenza kwe-biography of the Komsomol Uhlu lweLuzhkov, lufika eKazakhstan - lusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu labafundi, likwazi kahle intombi.
Inkambo
Masinyane ngemuva kokuthola idiploma yeLuzhkov, i-Yuri Mikhailovich iba ngumcwaningi omncane yiSikhungo Sokucwaninga Ngamapulasitiki, lapho eqhubekela khona ekhanda leqembu kanye neSekela leNhloko yelebhu. Umsebenzi owengeziwe wawuthuthuka ngokwanda.
Ngo-1964, uLuzhkov waqhamuka endaweni yeNhloko yoMnyango ngenze ngcono isikhundla seKomiti Lombuso ngeChemistry, ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa, iba yinhloko ye-ACU enkonzweni yakhe. Umkhakha we-USSR, bese umqondisi weSigaba seChimavtomavesithics se-OKBA. Kungekudala kwaba nokwanda kwesikhundla somqondisi we-NGO "Himavtomatik".
Kusukela maphakathi no-80s, uLuzhkov futhi uhumusha inkonzo yoMnyango, kulokhu ebuholini ekuphathweni kokuphathwa kwe-minkia. Ngonyaka, i-Yuri Mikhailovich ihlelwe e-Moscow State University, lapho aqala khona ukuthi abe yiPhini leNhloko, abese ethola indawo kaSihlalo ophethe. Ngo-1991, uLuzhkov uba yinduna kahulumeni waseMoscow, empeleni, wenza umsebenzi we-gradar.
IMeya yaseMoscow
Isimemezelo sikaBoris Yeltsin ngokuqokwa kweLuzhkovMe ye-Capital sakhishwa ngoJuni 6, 1992. Ngaleso sikhathi sesiyaluyalu, uYuri Mikhailovich wasekela uMongameli wokuqala waseRussia, abe umngane wakhe othembekile. Ezikhundleni ezinjalo, yahlala ngesikhathi senhlekelele yoMthethosisekelo ngo-Okthoba 1993. Kwathi ngo-1996 ngemuva kwawo wonke ama-peripetia, waphumelela ukhetho lweMeya yaseMoscow.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, uLuzhkov wabambezeleka iminyaka eyi-14 ezayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakwenziwa okuningi ngenhloko-dolobha. Indawo yokuhweba yedolobha inyuke ngezikhathi eziyi-1.5 ngokusekelwa okukhulu kwamabhizinisi amancane. Imakethe yokwakha yaqala ukukhula, futhi inani lezakhiwo zehhotela lenyuke ngo-1/4. Kwezakhamizi ezitholwa phansi, uhlelo "imalimboleko yezenhlalo" yaqala ukusebenza, okusiza ukuthola izindlu ngamanani emalimboleko ancishisiwe. Kuhlelwe uMnyango WezokuPhepha Komphakathi. Minyaka ngemisebenzi yadala imisebenzi emisha emabhizinisini ezimboni.
Ngokusebenzisa imali yesabelomali, i-Yuri Mikhailovich Luzhkov ephakamisa izakhiwo ezintsha zeMoscow State University, ilihlomele ngemishini yanamuhla yezobuchwepheshe neyesayensi. Wenza umnikelo wakhe kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezinhlaka zenkolo: ISonto likaKristu uMsindisi, isango lase-Iversky kanye neKazani Cathedral. Ngaphansi kwe-Yuri, uLuzhkov wenzeka ikhonsathi yokuqala yenkanyezi yezwe, inkosi yasePop Music Michael Jackson enkundleni eLuzhniki.
Ngobusuku bokukhethwa kukaMongameli waseRussia ngo-1999, ngokwesekwa yiYuri Luzhkov, iBlokidi Lezepolitiki "Yonke iRussia yayakha, imibono yaseMoscow ekuqaleni kukaBoris Yeltin, Ngo-1990s sahlukaniswa uMoscow. U-Evgeny Primakov waba nguSihlalo weLuzhkov kule nhlangano. Ngemuva kokunqoba kukaVladimir Putin, ngo-2001, u-OVR wangena ephathini "United Russia". Enhlanganweni entsha, uYuri Luzhkov wagcina okuthunyelwe kwesihlalo.
Ngisho neminyaka eyi-6 ngaphambi kokuwela kweCrimea ngaphansi komthetho weRussia Federation, uYuri Luzhkov waphakamisa umbuzo wokubuya kwePeninsula. Kamuva, amazwi eMeya yaseMoscow mayelana neCrimea naseVevastopol yamukelwa njengeyisiprofetho.
Ukushiya isikhundla
Ukugxekwa kokuqala kwemisebenzi yeLuzhkov kwakuyicala "lecala le-Capka" kanye "nokweqa umthetho", okwavela ku-Ether "NTV" kanye ne- "Russia-24" ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba 2010. Ukumangalelwa kwathinta izinga elengeziwe lenkohliso kanye nokucebisa okuphezulu kwamalungu omndeni eLuzhkov.
UYuri Mikhailovich wazama ukubhikisha umfudlana ongemuhle, othela kusuka kwizikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngo-Sergey Nargeshkin, wanikeza incwadi yomuntu siqu kuMongameli Dmitry Medvedev. Kodwa-ke, impendulo yayiyisimemezelo "ekuphelisweni kwamandla ngenxa yokulahleka kokuzethemba kukamongameli." Ngo-Okthoba 1, uLuzhkov, uYuri Mikhailovich, washiya izindonga zehhovisi elisebenzayo wadlula uphawu oluhlukanisa neshadi ledolobha. USergey Semenovich Sobyanin waqokwa endaweni yakhe.
Ngemuva kokwesula kweLuzhkov, umndeni waseLondon uthuthwe, lapho amadodakazi aqhubeka khona ukutadisha eMoscow State University, futhi umfazi kufanele athuthukise ibhizinisi. Kamuva indawo yokuhlala, umndeni wakwaLuzhkov wakhetha i-Austria.
Ngo-2012, kwaziwa ukuthi iMeya yangaphambili yedolobha elikhulu iyingxenye yeBhodi Yabaqondisi be-Ufaorgsintez, kwathi ngo-2013 bahlengiwe ama-87% amasheya we- "Vereener" (ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe). U-Yuri Luzhkov, osekuyisikhathi eside esaba nentshisekelo kwezolimo, ngo-2015 wadala eyakhe ipulazi esifundeni saseKaliningrad, lapho, ngaphezu kwemfuyo, watshala ubusika kanye nommbila.
"Ukuphela kwe-OPAL" kwenzeka ngoSepthemba 21, 2016, lapho isimemezelo sikaVladimir Putin Luzhkov sanikezwa i-oda "ngokufanelekela ukuba libe nguTealand". Lo mklomelo, ngokusho kokuqashelwa kukaJuri Mikhailovich ngokwakhe, waba yisipho sangempela seminyaka engama-80. Ngemuva komcimbi onesizotha, uLuzhkov noPutin bakhulume isikhathi eside, iMeya yangaphambili yaseMoscow babonga umongameli ukuthi baphume "bengaphelelwa isikhathi, ababecwiliswa" kusukela ngo-2010.
I-Auntstics Yuri Luzhkov inenqwaba yemisebenzi emlandweni weRussia, Chemistry, Ezolimo, Isayensi Yezepolitiki. Phakathi kwezincwadi zakamuva zeLuzhkov - "Trans-capitalism neRussia", "ubuciko obungakwazi ukulahleka", "homo? Ama-Sapiens? "Bamba umkhathi", "uSocrates uhlala uSocrates", "ama-algorithms wobuholi".
Ngo-2016, kusukela ngaphansi kwepeni, i-Yuri Luzhkov, incwadi ethi "Russia e-Dan Xiaopin namantombazane amadala" uYuri Mikhailovich aqhamuka kubafundi abase-Autobiography "Moscow and Life".
Ngo-2018, uYuri Luzhkov wayekhona ekuvulekeni kukaPutin.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngonkosikazi wokuqala, u-Aleceptina Luzhkov wahlangana eminyakeni yabafundi. Izingane ezihlangene abaze beza. Yebo, futhi umshado ngokwawo waphenduka umfushane. Umfazi wesibili waba nguMarina Mikhailovna Bashilova, owamnika amadodana amabili - u-Alexander noMikhail. Ngeshwa, ushone eminyakeni engama-54 ukusuka esigungwini sesibindi esibuhlungu esibuhlungu.
Okwesithathu, isiphetho simamatheka eYuri Mikhailovich ngo-1991, lapho eshada no-Elena Baturina. Umshado waphenduka uqine, uYuri Luzhkov akasacabangi ngezinguquko empilweni yomuntu siqu. Njengoba esemnikeze amadodakazi amabili (u-Elena no-Olga), u-Elena waba ngumfazi othembekile kanye nomlingani webhizinisi onokwethenjelwa umyeni wakhe.
Lo mbhangqwana umake ngonyaka ka-2016 - ngemuva kwengxenye yengxenye yekhulu leminyaka ngemuva komshado. U-Elena Baturina iminyaka eminingana ngokulandelana wabamba umugqa wokuqala wabesifazane abayi-10 abacebile abaphezulu eRussia ngokuya ngenguqulo yeForbes. Isimo saso sasilinganiselwa ku- $ 1 billion.
Ukushona
Ngeshwa, ubudala obuhlonishwayo kanye nesisindo esingeziwe (ngokuphakama okungu-174 cm, uLuzhkov wafinyelela kuma-94 kg), bazenza babona sengathi, futhi ekupheleni kukaDisemba 2016, uLuzhkov wazizwa kabi ngesikhathi sokuvakasha egumbini lokufunda lomtapo wezincwadi we-MSU. Umbuso wawumubi kangangokuba abasebenzi besikhungo semfundo kwadingeka badale i-Resusciation Brigade.Esikhathini ngosuku olulandelayo, uYuri Mikhailovich wabhekana nokufa kwesikhashana kwezempilo, kodwa wavumelana ngempumelelo nodokotela beMoscow. Ngaleso sikhathi, akazange asongele impilo yakhe.
NgoDisemba 10, 2019, kwaziwa ukuthi uYuri Luzhkov ushone eneminyaka engama-83. Ngokusho kukaRen TV, iMeya yangaphambili yaseMoscow yafa emtholampilo waseMunich, lapho ayehlinzwa khona ngenhliziyo.
-Zuzayo
Imisebenzi yeLuzhkov kokuthunyelwe okuningi kwaphawulwa imiklomelo ehlonishwayo:
- "Ukuvikela" inkululeko yeRussia "ngokuvikela indlu emhlophe;
- ukuhleleka kokuhlonishwa kokubuyiselwa kwezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo zenhloko-dolobha;
- I-oda "lokufaneleka kwezempi" - ngomsebenzi ukuze kusizakale amandla okuvikela eRussia;
- Oda. A. Kadyrov - ngokufaneleka okubaluleke kakhulu kwiChechen Republic;
Izingobo zomlando zakhe zigcina imiklomelo eminingi yomnyango kanye nomphakathi, kanye nezimpawu zakwamanye amazwe: kusukela e-Armenia naseBelarus, e-Ukraine naseKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan naseMongolia, Germany naseLebanoni.