I-Biograge
UDenikin Anton Ivanovich wazalwa ngo-December 16, 1872 esigatshaneni saseWloclawek, esabhalwa ngalezozinsuku ngesimo sedolobha lesifundazwe esifundeni saseRussia soMbuso WaseRussia. Njengoba izazi-mlando kamuva ziphawulile, leli wrestler lesikhathi esizayo linomkhosi "wemvelaphi wesikhathi eside kunalabo abakhokha kamuva" abaholi be-proletariat. "
U-Ivan Efimovich, uyise ka-Anton Denikin, wake waba ngumlimi we-serf. Ngesikhathi sobusha bakhe, u-Ivan Denikin wanikezwa ukuqashwa, kwathi eminyakeni engama-22 ethembekile, wakwazi ukuthola isimo sesikhulu. Kepha ngalokhu, ababempofu bangaphandle bengamkhawulelanga: Wahlala kule nkonzo futhi wakhe umsebenzi wezempi ophumelele kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho kamuva waba yisibonelo sendodana yakhe. U-Ivan Efimovich wasuka enyaweni ngo-969 kuphela, wakhonza iminyaka engama-35 futhi wafinyelela isikhundla saseMay.
U-Elizabeth Francisovna Vrzezinkaya, umama womholi wezempi esizayo, wenzeka emndenini wabanikazi bezizwe basePoland, lapho kwakukhona isiza esincane somhlaba kanye nabalimi abaningana.
U-Anton Ivanovich wakhuliswa nge-Orthodoxy eqinile futhi wabhapathizwa eneminyaka engaphansi kwenyanga emndenini, ngoba uyise wayeyikholwa elijulile. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi umfana wavakashela kanye nebandla kanye noMama Katolika. Wakhula waba nezipho futhi wathuthuka eneminyaka emine: Sekuneminyaka engu-4 efundwayo, wakhuluma ngokuphelele hhayi kuphela ngesiRussia, kodwa nasePoland. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwalokho akwenzanga ubunzima esikoleni sangempela sangempela sikaWloclaw, futhi kamuva - osebenza naye ibanga.
Yize uYise ka-Anton wayengowesilisa ohlonishwayo osethathe umhlalaphansi, umndeni wakwaDenikiny wawumpofu kakhulu: Umama, ubaba kanye nesibalo sezepolitiki esizayo kwadingeka ukuthi siphile ngokuthatha umhlalaphansi koyise ngenyanga engama-36 njalo ngenyanga. Kwathi ngo-1885, u-Ivan Efimovich wafa, nangemali, u-Anton nonina baba mubi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho uDenikin Jr. waqala ukufundisa, futhi eneminyaka engu-15 wathola umfundi wanyangazonke njengomfundi ophumelelayo futhi okhuthele.
Ukuqala komsebenzi wezempi
Umndeni, njengoba sekushiwo, u-Anton Denikin ngumthombo wokuphefumulelwa: kusukela esemncane waphupha ngokwakha umsebenzi wezempi (njengoYise, uzalelwa ku-serf, nomufi oshonile). Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokuqeqeshwa esikoleni esikhukhulekile, insizwa ethile ayizange icabange ngekusasa lakhe lesikhathi esizayo, ibhalisa ngempumelelo eKievita Infantry Dection School, bese kuba ne-Impering Imperial Nikolaev Academy of the General Caffer.
Usebenze emaqenjini ahlukahlukene nasezigabeni, wabamba iqhaza empini yaseRussia - yaseJapan, wasebenza e-General Fants, wayengumkhuzi weshumi nesikhombisa we-postantrant arbangeloborod ibutho. Ngo-1914, u-Anton Denikin uthole isihloko sikaGeneral, ubhalisa esifundeni samasosha aseKieli, ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho walethwa esihlokweni esikhulu kakhulu.
Imibono Yezombusazwe
U-Anton Ivanovich wayengumuntu olandela ngokucophelela impilo yezepolitiki yezwe lomdabu. Wayengumsekeli wenkululeko yaseRussia, wakhuluma ngokuguqula amabutho, ngokumelene ne-bureaucracy. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, uDenikin akazange asanda kushicilela ukuboniswa kwakhe kumaphephabhuku ezempi namaphephandaba. Umjikelezo odume kakhulu wezindatshana zakhe "Amanothi Ezempi" aphrintiwe ephephabhukwini elibizwa nge- "Scout".
Njengasendabeni yempi yaseRussia - yaseJapan, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kwempi yezwe yokuqala, u-Anton Ivanovich wafaka umbiko, emcela ukuba ayiqongele ohlelweni. I-Brigade yesine yabadubuli be- "Iron Brouchic", umkhuzi wayo eyayiyiDenikin, yalwa ezingosini eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ikhombise kaningi isibindi nesibindi. U-Anton Denikin uqobo phakathi neminyaka yeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala wathola imiklomelo eminingi: umyalo weSt George, uSt. George Weapons. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuphumelela kwesikhundla sesitha ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuhlaselayo kweSouth-Western Front kanye nokuthwebula okuphumelelayo kweLutsk, wathola isihloko sikaLieutenant General.
Impilo Nomsebenzi Ngemuva Kwenguquko eFebhuwari
Ngesikhathi sokuvukelwa kukaFebhuwari ka-1917, u-Anton Ivanovich wawuse-Romania ngaphambili. Usekele ukugcwaliseka okufezekile futhi, ngokungahambisani nokuqwashisa kwakhe nokubhala kwezepolitiki, waze wakholwa ngamahemuhemu amaningi angelona anovalo ngoNicolae II nawo wonke umndeni wasebukhosini. Isikhathi esithile, uDenikin wasebenza njengendlunkulu nguMikhail Alexeyev, owathi ngemuva nje kwemvume wamiswa umkhuzi ophakeme-in-induku yebutho laseRussia.
Lapho u-Alekseev eshintshiwe eposini futhi athathelwa indawo yiGeneral Brusilov, u-Anton Denikin wenqaba isikhundla sakhe wathatha isikhundla somkhuzi entshonalanga ngaphambili. Futhi ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1917, uLieutenant-General wakungakunaki ukuveza ukusekelwa kwakhe ngesikhundla sikaGeneral Kornilov, ukuthumela i-telegraph efanelekile kuhulumeni wesikhashana. Ngenxa yalokhu, u-Anton Ivanovich kwadingeka achithe cishe inyanga ejele laseBerdichev elindele ukubulawa kwabantu.
Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, uDenikin nabanye ojenene badluliswa besuka eBerdicheva baye eBykhov, lapho kwakukhona enye iqembu le-General ARegs Rights (kufaka phakathi i-General Kornilov). Ejele laseBetHovskaya, u-Anton Ivanovich wahlala kuze kube ngoDisemba 2, okufanayo ngo-1917, lapho uhulumeni weBolshevik, ukuwa kukahulumeni wesikhashana, isikhashana akhohlwe ngojenene oboshwe. Ngokunikeza intshebe futhi ushintshe igama ngesibongo, uDenikin waya kuNovoRecherkassk.
Ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza kwebutho lokuzithandela
U-Anton Ivanovich Denikin waba nengxenye esebenzayo ekwakhiweni kwebutho lokuzithandela, abushelelezi izingxabano phakathi kukaCornilov no-Alekseev. Wamukela izinqumo eziningi ezibalulekile, waba yinduna yemikhankaso yokuqala yaseKuban yaseKuban, ekugcineni wanquma ukubhekana neziphathimandla zeBolshevik.
Maphakathi no-1919, amasosha eDenikin alwa ngempumelelo nokwakheka kwezitha u-Anton Ivanovich aze akhulelwa umkhankaso eMoscow. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlelo aluzange lufezeke: Amandla webutho lokuzinikela anciphise ukuntuleka kohlelo lonke, oluzothakazelisa izakhamizi ezijwayelekile zezifunda eziningi zaseRussia, ukuchuma kwenkohliso ngemuva, kanye noguquko lwe ingxenye yebutho elimhlophe kubaphangi kanye nabaphangi.
Ekupheleni kuka-1919, amasosha amaDenikin axosha ngempumelelo ukhozi futhi atholakala ezindaweni eziya eTula, ngaleyo ndlela aphumelele ngokwengeziwe ezinye izinhlobo ze-Anti-Bolshevik. Kepha izinsuku zebutho lokuzithandela zaxoxwa ngazo: Entwasahlobo yango-1920, amabutho acindezelwa ngokulwa nolwandle e-Novorossiysk futhi, ingxenye enkulu, abathunjwa. Impi yombango yalahleka, futhi uDenikin ngokwakhe wamemezela ukwesula kwakhe washiya izwe lakubo laphakade.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngemuva kokundiza esuka eRussia, u-Anton Ivanovich wayehlala emazweni ahlukene eYurophu, futhi ngemuva nje kokuphothulwa kweMpi Yezwe II waya e-United States, lapho afela khona ngo-1947. Umndeni wakhe: Unkosikazi othembekile waseKsenia Chizh, azama kaninginingi futhi ukunciphisa isiphetho, nendodakazi kaMarina - ebambe iqhaza kulezi zidumbu naye. Kuze kube manje, izithombe eziningi zombhangqwana ofudukayo namadodakazi abo phesheya kwezilwandle zigcinwa, ikakhulukazi eParis nakwamanye amadolobha aseFrance. Yize uDenikin efuna ukuzalwa ezisezingane, oshade naye akazange abelethe okwengeziwe ngemuva kokuzalwa okukhulu kakhulu kokuqala.
Ekuthukeni, owayenguLieutenant-General waqhubeka nokubhalela izihloko zezepolitiki. Kubandakanya vele eParis kusuka ngaphansi kwezimpaphe, ochwepheshe banamuhla abaziwayo abaziwayo bezinkumbulo zeRussia University ", asekelwe hhayi kuphela ngezinkumbulo zeDenikin uqobo, kodwa futhi nakumininingwane evela kumadokhumenti asemthethweni. Eminyakeni embalwa emva kwalokho, u-Anton Ivanovich wabhala ukwengeza nokungenisa "ama-Essays" - incwadi ethi "Indlela Yesikhulu saseRussia".