I-Biograge
URuslanova Lydia Andreevna - Umculi ohlonishwayo we-RSFSR, i-Soviet Singer, ongumlingisi wezingoma zabantu baseRussia. Wahlabelela eRiichstag lapho amabutho eSoviet engena eBerlin, umsebenzi wakhe waba yimodeli yezingane zakwamaRussia zabantu bakwamanye amazwe. Izingoma ezidumile kakhulu ekubulaweni kukaLydia Andreevna: "Wovenka, Valenki", "Katyusha", "eRastiv Chastishki".Ubuntwana nentsha
Umculi, umhlaba owazi njengoLidiya uRuslanov, wazalwa ngo-14 (27) ngo-Okthoba 1900 emndenini ongenamhlali esifundeni saseSaratov. Ngokomunye umthombo, igama langempela langempela kwakunguPraskovya, ngokusho kwabanye - i-Agafya, ngokobufakazi bezikhathi zesimo, edolobhaneni abizwa ngokuthi iPan. Le ntombazane yayingenye yezingane ezintathu emndenini wakwaLedulina. UPanka wayenomfowabo we-avedy kanye nodadewabo uJulia.
Ngemuva kokuqala kwempi yaseRussia - yaseJapan, uBaba kaLeukin waya phambili, futhi umama washona. Ngakho-ke le ntombazane yafika kumqeqeshi oyintandane, lapho umculi wesikhathi esizayo ebhekene necala elinegama elinegama nesibongo esisha. NginoMfowethu noDadewethu uRuslanov bahlukaniswe. Indodakazi yomculi ngemuva kokushona kwakhe yathi uLidia igama langempela lomculi, igama kuphela elalingu-pseudonym.
Ithalente lizibonakalise lisuka eRuslanovaya ebuntwaneni. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala endaweni yezintandane yokukhosela wahlabelela esontweni lesonto. Idatha yezwi eyingqayizivele yamsiza ebusheni bakhe ukuba bangene eSaratov Conservatory, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa yokufunda, uLydia wabona ukuthi amagama ezifundo awazange abe nayo.
Wayengumuntu ozalwe omenzi wezingoma zabantu. Ngo-1916, intombazane njengoba udadewethu wesihe ayeya phambili. Ngesikhathi seminyaka yempi, wakhonza esitimeleni sokuhlanzeka. Kwesinye isikhathi wahlabelela kwabalimele ukunciphisa ukuhlupheka kwabo. Kwabe kwenzeka into yokuqala empilweni yakhe.
Umsebenzi womculo
Ekugcineni uLydia wagcina ukwakheka njengomculi ngo-1921. Wayenendlela yakhe yokusebenza, isithombe sekhonsathi kanye ne-repertoire eyingqayizivele. Indawo yokuqala yomsebenzi womlingisi omncane njengoba umculi kwakunguTop Theatre "Scromorch" eRostov-on-don.Phezulu esiteji solo Lydia kwaqala ngo-1923, ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala yayiyimpumelelo enkulu. Ku-20s, uRuslanov waqala ukuqoqa izincwadi nezingubo zabantu baseRussia. Wasebenzisa izincwadi zokuzenzela, nezingubo njengokugqoka kwekhonsathi.
Indoda yesibili yomculi yagxilisa uthando lwayo ngempilo yaseBohemiya. URuslanov wahlatshwa umxhwele ngokuqoqa imidwebo, ama-antique kanye namagugu. Ngaleso sikhathi, amarekhodi anamarekhodi ezwi likaLydia noRereevna aphuma ahlangana nemivimbo emikhulu aphambuke njengamakhekhe ashisayo. Umculi empini wathandwa kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuqala kwempi yaseSoviet-Finnish ngo-1939, uRuslanov waphinda futhi ngaphambili, kodwa vele njengengxenye ye-Concert Brigade. Usebenze ezimweni ezinzima, emakhazeni, ngaphandle kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokuzilibazisa. Ukuze ungalahlekelwa yizwi likaLydia noRereevna njalo wamukela izidakamizwa eziphilayo, athola isidlaliso "lidchka-streptocid".
Bese kuba khona impi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. URuslanova waphinde waba yingxenye ye-Concenter Brigade ekhonza ngaphambili. Le nkathi yaletha umculi ukuthandwa okungakaze kubonwe. Uchithe imali ethola imali yokuthengwa kwamadayimane, izingubo, ifenisha yasendulo nezinye izinto zikanokusho.
Ngo-1942, wabelwa isihloko somculi ohlonishwayo we-RSFSR, ngendlela efanayo, ngonyaka ofanayo, isihloko esifanayo samukelwa nomngane uRuslanova - uLeonid Utesov, owayesebenza ngaphambili. Eminyakeni yempi, umculi wanikeza amakhonsathi ayi-1120. Kwakungumlingisi waseRussia ngo-1945 ukucula kwabalwa nempi ebomvu eBerlin eReikhstag.
Rusanov ekuphelweni
Eminyakeni emibili emva kokuphela kwempi, "uzungu lwamasosha" kanye nabantu obajwayelene bama-zhukov badalulwa ngo-Opal. Phakathi kwazo kwakuwumphathi wezingwegwe nomkakhe. Ngo-1949, uLidia nomyeni wakhe bancishwa imiklomelo yezempi, impahla futhi baboshwa. Izingoma zikaRuslanov zavinjelwa. ULydia Andreevna waphenywa isikhathi eside, khona-ke bazanywa bathunyelwa ekamu. Izikhathi eziningana kwahunyushwa kusuka endaweni eyodwa yesiphetho kuya komunye, kuqhubeka imibuzo, kubandakanya nobudlelwano bakhe noZhukoV.
Ngisho nasekamu akazange ayeke ukucula, wazama ukubambelela, yize athola ufulawa olubi ngokomoya ngenxa yamahloni anolwazi. Ngo-1950, uLydia Andreevna wangena ejele laseVladimir, lapho ngaleso sikhathi lapho ephetha khona lapho umlingisi kaZoya Fedorov. Abesifazane bathola ulimi olujwayelekile futhi bathuthumela. Ejele likaLydia, uRuslanov wenqatshelwe ukucula, ngenxa yalokho angena kukhekhe amahlandla ambalwa. Ngesikhathi sesiphetho, idlulise kaningi ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu.
Ngo-1953, ngemuva kokushona kukaStalin, uLydia noRereevna noMlingani wakhe bavuselelwa kabusha. Bazibuyisela ingxenye yempahla futhi baqala ukuzama ukuthuthukisa impilo. Leli jele liye lahlazisa impilo kaKryukov naseRuslanova, umdwebi wafuna nokukhohlwa ngalesi sehlakalo. Umculi washintshelwa kakhulu ekuhlazisweni kwawo wabhekana nezwe lonke. Indoda yomculi nayo, ayikwazanga ukululama ekuhluphekeni okunolwazi ejele.
Ngenxa yenhlala-kahle yomndeni uRuslanov ubuyela esiteji. Imali etholile yanele ukuthenga ifenisha nemoto yakhe. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe ngo-1959, umculi wakhansele wonke amakhonsathi futhi wayezoshiya isigameko saphakade. Emashumini ayisithupha, izwi lakhe lalizwakala kaningi emsakazweni, ukuthandwa akuzange kwenze buthaka. Kancane kancane, uLydia Andreevna wabuyela emisebenzini yekhonsathi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yeLidia Ruslanova yayihlanganisa ukuhamba nokuwa. Esikhathini sokuqala ukuthi ashada ngo-1916 nge-intendant veritary Nikolaevich Starov. NgoMeyi 1917, ingane yazalwa izithandani. Kunenguqulo eyenziwa ngumyeni wokuqala noGypsy, ebambe ingane. Igama lendodana yakhe uRuslanov lagcina imfihlo, kanye nemininingwane yokunyamalala kwesithandwa. Ngokweminye imininingwane, ingane yafa, ngaphandle kokuhlala izinyanga ezimbili, kodwa umculi ngokwakhe ngale ngxenye ye-biography yakhe akafuni ukukhuluma.
Ngo-2014, ohlelweni lwe-TV "ngokuqondile i-Ether", umPholampeli ovela eKirov, ozibiza ngokuthi indodana kaLydia Ruslanova, wakwazi ukufakazela ubudlelwano nomshana womculi. Leli qiniso likhuluma ngokuvumela ukuthi ingane izale uRuslanova ngo-1917 ingahlala iphila.
Umshado wesibili wabahlabeleli wawukude. Ngoba uNauma Naumin Ruslanov washada ngo-1919 eVinnitsa, eminyakeni emibili umkhaya osemusha wathuthela eMoscow. Ngokubambisana, abalingani baphila iminyaka eyishumi, kwathi ngo-1929 uLydia akazange asuse isehlukaniso. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-8, uNapin wacindezelwa futhi wadutshulwa.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uRuslanova wayenenye indoda. UMikhail Garravi Artist washada ngonyaka we-1929 ukuze edukelwe uMnuz Moscow Carravi Garkaavi Garkavi. Bahlala ndawonye iminyaka engu-13, kanti uRuslanov wayengenalo uthando olusha lapho ebhekene nomngane nomngane uGeorge Zhukov.
Okujwayelekile kwenhliziyo ethathiwe yomculi waseRussia wabiza uVladimir Kryov. ULydia wehlukanisa iGarkavi, ngoba angizange ngibekezelele amanga nabadala. Owesifazane wathi uyaxolisa nge "bhere" lakhe, kepha inhliziyo igcwele uthando ngezempi, njengasebusheni bakhe. Umculi ngokwakhe uphakamise ukuthi uphawu lwe-Kryukov. I-General General yayinendodakazi eneminyaka eyisikhombisa uMargarita, okuyi-ruslanov eyayithatha njengomdabu.
Ngemuva kwempi, bahlala ndawonye, njengoba kufakazela izithombe ezijabulisayo zesikhathi. Indodakazi iyakhumbula ukuthi uLydia Andreevna wayehlale ethanda inhlanzeko nenduduzo, elungiselelwe ngokuphelele, nakusihlwa kwakukhona abangane abaningi nabantu abathakazelayo endlini.
Ubuhlobo obusondelene noZhukov baba nemiphumela ebulalayo ekufezeni uKryukov ojwayelekile nonkosikazi wakhe. Umyeni wesine wabahlabeleli akakwazanga ukutholakala ngemuva kwejele leminyaka emihlanu futhi washona ngo-1959. Ukufa komlingani kuthonya kakhulu uRuslanov, wakhansele wonke amakhonsathi akhe, futhi unyaka wawungaveli esiteji.
Iminyaka yokugcina nokufa
Ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe, uRuslanov waqala ukulimala wakhononda ngenhliziyo. Uchithe isikhathi esiningi ekhaya embhedeni, nendodakazi yakhe ifundza kakhulu. Lapho impilo ivunyelwe, uRuslanov wahamba neMargarita enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi, eyenziwa ngamakhonsathi ye-pop. Isihloko somculi wabantu uLydia Andreevna asikaze samukelwe, futhi asikhishwa phesheya. Isimo sempilo cishe sasingabonakali ngezwi lomculi, wahlala impilo enhle, enhle, emncane negcwele.
Ngo-Agasti 1973, uRuslanov wabamba iqhaza ochungechungeni lwamakhonsathi amakhulu, owokugcina wawudlula eRostov, lapho umculi eqala umsebenzi wakhe wokucula embusweni ka-1921. ULydia Andreevna washona ngoSepthemba 21, 1973. Imbangela yokufa iyisifo senhliziyo.
Ngemuva kwe-autopsy, kwaziwa ukuthi umculi ngempilo yakhe wayengenakho ngaphansi kweminyaka eyisithupha. Umculi ungcwatshwe emathuneni eNovodevichy eMoscow. Kwakuningi kakhulu abantu abazosebenzisa umculi wakho owuthandayo endleleni yokugcina yokuthi ukunyakaza kwezokuthutha okuvela emathuneni kwakudingeka kuyeke.
Ukukhumbula
Ngo-2007, ifilimu elibhalwe phansi elithi "Fluelo Romance Lydia ruslanova" ngempilo yomculi wabantu. Ngo-2008, umdlarman wanikezwa e-Irkutsk, eyayinikele kwinkumbulo kaLydia noRereevna. Njalo ngonyaka, imincintiswano yezingoma zabantu ibanjelwe kulo lonke elaseRussia, okuyigama lomculi odumile, naseVenus kukhona i-crater ruslanov. Imibhalo ephathelene nokuphila nomsebenzi womculi uyaqhubeka nokuvela kwabezindaba.
Imemori yomdlali wengoma ethi "Wovenka, uValenki" ayinyamalali, yize izwi lakhe lincane futhi lizwakala kancane emsakazweni noma nge-tele-ester. Ngo-2015, isithombe sikaRuslanova sakhiwe kabusha ekudluliseleni ezokuzijabulisa "ngqo." Ingoma ethi "Valenki, uValenki" yaletha umculi onekhono uDanil Dunaev, ophinde wavuma umculi wesintu ngaphandle futhi wakopisha ukubulawa kwakhe ngendlela.
Embukisweni ofanayo, ngilingisa i-ruslanovas yazama umculi we-pop u-Elena Vaenga, wenza iculo elithi "sagibela esikebheni." Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili, ngokuhleleka kweziteshi ze-TV ezihamba phambili zaqala ukufakwa izingulule ngempilo yabaculi abavelele nezinombolo zezikhathi zaseSoviet. Ubunikazi bakaLydia noRereevna buvezwa kwabaningi babo ("ZOYA", "uLyudmila", "zhukov") Umlingisi u-Iros Morozova.
I-Discography:
- 1996 - Sings Lings Lydia ruslanova
- 2000 - Indlovukazi yengoma yaseRussia
- 2001 - Abadlali Abakhulu BeRussia Yekhulu le-XX. ILidia ruslanova
- 2002 - Izingoma zabantu baseRussia. Ukuqopha 1930-40s
- 2007 - Amagama azo zonke izikhathi. ILidia ruslanova