I-Biograge
U-Usama Ben Laden wazalwa ngoMashi 10, 1957 enhlokodolobha yaseSaudi Arabia - idolobha lase-Er-Riyadh. Uyise usephenduke i-billioneire enethonya lika-mouhammed bin avadin Ben Laden, kanti umama ungumphathi we-hamid al-atass. Ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa kwenombolo yamaphekula ikusasa 1, abazali bakhe bahlukanisa, futhi umfana wasala nonina. Kamuva, waphinda washada futhi wabeletha umlingani omusha wezingane ezine.
![U-Usaman bin Laden ebuntwaneni U-Usaman bin Laden ebuntwaneni](/userfiles/126/18105_1.webp)
UBen Laden Jr. wakhuliswa njengeSunni. Wafundela esikoleni esingcono kakhulu sezwe futhi e-University University of King Abdel-Aziza, kwi-Faculty of Economics and Business Management. Eminye imithombo ibika ukuthi le nsizwa yathunyelwa kakhulu ezifundweni zayo futhi yaphothula ngempumelelo eyunivesithi, ithola idiploma ehambelana nayo. Abanye, kunalokho, bathi u-Utama Ben Laden waphonsa izifundo zakhe ngonyaka wesithathu.
![U-Osama bin Laden U-Osama bin Laden](/userfiles/126/18105_2.webp)
Isimo esivamile somndeni wakwaBen Laden sasingama-5 billion amadola. Ngemuva kweBin Laden-SR. Washona ngenxa yokuphahlazeka kwendiza ngo-1967, indodana yakhe i-USSAMA (enye yezingane ezingama-52 ze-Brictionaiare) yazuza njengelifa cishe amadola angama-25-30 million. Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe eyunivesithi, waqala ukukhombisa isithakazelo esandayo enkolweni, wenza ngenkuthalo ekuchazeni i-jihad ne-Quran.
Impi e-Afghanistan
KUNGENZEKA ukukhulisa ifa elitholwe, engcupheni yase-USAMA yahlanganyela ebhizinisini lokwakha. Ukusuka emsebenzini onokuthula ukuze kusizakale inkampani yakhe, waphazanyiswa ukuhlaselwa kwamasosha e-Afghanistan kanye nokunyakaza kwe-Afghan Jhad. I-eyedricrist yathukuthelisa ngempi yafika e-Afghanistan ngasekupheleni kuka-1979, futhi ekuqaleni konyaka we-1980 wasungula oxhumana nabo bokuqala abaphikisana namaqembu amaSulumane edolobheni laseLahore (Pakistan).
![U-Osama bin Laden U-Osama bin Laden](/userfiles/126/18105_3.webp)
Emva kwalokho, u-Osama Ben Laden wasekela ngokuhlelekile abaholi benhlangano yokumelana ne-Afghan kusuka kwizisetshenziswa zayo zezezimali. Ku-pair no-Abdalla Azam, obhekise i-movie yasePalestine "amaSulumane ubuzalwane", u-Osama wavula ama-Bureau of Services futhi wahlelela ukuqashwa kwamaSulumane amaSulumane avela emazweni aseMhlabeni wama-Arabhu. Usomabhizinisi-Oxethozayo okhokhelwe bonke amavolontiya afika e-Afghanistan kanye nokulungiselela kwabo ukubamba iqhaza kubutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngokwakhe wabamba iqhaza ezimpini zokulwa ne-USSR Troops.
![U-Osama bin Laden U-Osama bin Laden](/userfiles/126/18105_4.webp)
Lapho amabutho aseSoviet ehoxiswa ezweni, amaphekula alahlekelwe yinhlangano enyunyana naseRussia, eshintshele e-United States. Ukuthukuthela kwakhe ngokungapheli okuthukuthele ukuba khona kwamabutho ahlomile aseMelika emazweni aseMhlabeni amaSulumane, futhi waqala ukubona izifundazwe njengesitha sakhe esiyisihluthulelo. Ngo-1989, ngokwedlulele kwaphinde kwathatha usonkontileka nosonkontileka, ngasikhathi sinye nalolu hlelo olusizo lwalusizo oluqhakazile abavela eYemen naseSaudi Arabia.
Al-Qaida
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980s, u-Osama Ben Laden wahamba no-Abdullah Azam, ngoba lokhu kwafuna ama-Arabhu ekwakhekeni kokuhamba kokumelana nama-mujaheds, ngenkathi u-USAMA ngokwakhe efuna ukubona abakwethu bempi abanamandla ahlukile. Ngakho-ke i-al-qaida yaqala ukwakha. Ekuqaleni, le nyunyana yayihlelekile: Amalungu eqembu kufanele abe nemikhuba emihle kuphela, alungele ukulalela futhi alethe isifungo sokungaphezu kwama-comrade aphezulu.
![U-Osama bin Laden U-Osama bin Laden](/userfiles/126/18105_5.webp)
Ukuqhekeka kwezimpande kwenzeka lapho sekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1990, uMongameli u-Iraq Saddam Hussein usola uKuwait esimayini esingekho emthethweni emafulethini ase-Iraq futhi wethula amabutho akhe ezweni elincane elingumakhelwane. Ngokuqondile, le mpi yathatha izinsuku ezimbili kuphela, kodwa yiYena eyaqala impi enkulu kakhulu futhi ende kakhulu ePersian Gulf, ukubamba iqhaza lapho i-United States ne-USSR babamba iqhaza khona.
Ukuhlushwa okukhulu kakhulu kwamasosha ase-Iraq kwakugxile kude nomngcele noSaudi Arabia, noSaddam Hussein uqobo lwazinxusa ngenkuthalo abantu abangomakhelwane ukuba banyunyana. U-Osama Ben Laden wahlangana nezindawo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ngethemba lokuthi uzowakhuthaza ngosizo oluvela emazweni aseNemumulman World futhi anikeze ukwesekwa okunamandla kwe-Arab Legion. Kodwa-ke, ukweqisa kwenqatshwa.
![U-Osama bin Laden U-Osama bin Laden](/userfiles/126/18105_6.webp)
Ikhanda le-al-Qaeda likulahla kaningi ekuhlaselweni kwamabutho ahlomile aseMelika emazweni amaSulumane, liphikisana nokuthi yilabo kuphela ukuthi islam kuphela amaSulumane yinkolo yendabuko angavikela iMedina naseMecca. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye, kancane kancane iqembu lase-USAMA laqala ukuphenduka ukwakheka kwamaphekula ahlomile, futhi ukunganeliseki kukaBin Laden ngamaSulumane kuthola ifomu eliphelele eliphelele ngohlobo lwezinhlelo zokuhlasela kwamaphekula okuzayo.
Amaphekula №1
Yize impi ePersian Bay yaphela ngoFebhuwari 1991, konke kwaqala ngo-Osama. Ekugcineni wanquma ukuthi ukulwa nezitha zomhlaba wamaSulumane (kanye nalabo ayekholwayo ngenxa) enjalo) umgomo oyinhloko wempilo yakhe, futhi ngokuzikhandla nokuqina nokuqina kwaqala ukuzibandakanya kulo mzabalazo.
![U-Osama bin Laden U-Osama bin Laden](/userfiles/126/18105_7.webp)
Ngakho-ke, ngo-Agasti 1998, inhlangano yakhe yamaphekula yavutha inxusa laseMelika eTanzan Dar es Salam naseKenyan Nairobi. Ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula kwahlelwa ngo-Agasti 7 (ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa lapho amabutho aseMelika abekwe eSaudi Arabia ngesikhathi sempi ePheresiya Gulf). Ngenxa yokuqhuma kwamanye amazwe eNairobi, kwafa abantu abangama-213, kwathi izakhamizi ezingaba ngu-5 000 zalimala ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.
Kusukela lapho, ngezinsizakalo ezikhethekile zaseMelika, uBen Laden wathola isimo esidumile senombolo yamaphekula 1. Ama-akhawunti amaningi asebhange angamabhizinisi-amaSulumane aboshwa, futhi ngolwazi oluzosiza ukubambezela isigebengu samazwe omhlaba, kwathenjiswa ukukhokha amadola ayizigidi ezinhlanu.
![U-Osama bin Laden U-Osama bin Laden](/userfiles/126/18105_8.webp)
Noma kunjalo, amaphekula aqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa okusebenzayo kwabashokobezi abahlala enkabeni ye-Asia, eNyakatho yeCaucasus nasezinye izifunda.
Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, uBin Laden wakwazi nokusungula "isisekelo sokuxhasa amaphekula". Ikhanda le-al-Qaida liphinde lahlanganyela empini yaseBosnia, esiza uMongameli woMbuso ukuthi adale "i-Fundaiplicar Republic yamaSulumane yangempela eBalkan. Ukuze uxhase ukudluliselwa kwe-Mujahideen-Mercenaries eBosnia evela eMelika umhlaba wase-Arab, u-USAMA waphendukela kusizo lwabo abalingani bebhizinisi laseSudan.
![U-Osama bin Laden U-Osama bin Laden](/userfiles/126/18105_9.webp)
Maphakathi nawo-1990s, isiphepho esivelele i-Albania, sesifikile kuMongameli. Izithombe ezisekelwayo noma amavidiyo azange agcinwe kusukela lapho-ke, kwaziwa ukuthi u-Osama wamelela elinye lamaqembu a-radical ancesist athumela amalungu awo ukuba ahlanganyele engxabanweni ehlomile eKosovo. Lapho impi iqala eChechnya, inhloko yalowo ononya futhi i-al-Qaeda yaqala ukuthutha ngenkuthalo uMujahideen wayo futhi kulesi sifunda.
Imicimbi Septhemba 11
Njengoba kwaziwa, ngoSepthemba 11, 2001, inhlangano yamaphekula yebiza izindiza zabagibeli abane, ezazibiyele imibhoshongo emibili yesikhungo se-World Trade Center, esakhiweni sasePentagon nasesigangeni ngaseSchenxville (kwathathwa ukuthi iplanethi yesine iyakwazi hlala ku-capitol). Ngenxa yezenzo ezinhle zobuphekula, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu babulawa.
![Ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ngoSepthemba 11, 2001 Ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ngoSepthemba 11, 2001](/userfiles/126/18105_10.webp)
Ekuqaleni, u-USAMA BENEn Laden wenqabile ukubandakanyeka kweqembu lakhe labashokobezi be-al-Qaida ukwenza lokhu kuhlasela kwamaphekula. Kamuva wavuma ukuthi uyazi ngokuhlaselwa kokulungiselela futhi waxoxa nabanye abaholi bomqashi ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kwathatha umthwalo wemfanelo ngokwenzekile. Ngo-Okthoba 2004, u-Osama wathi ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ngoSepthemba ngo-2011, ngombono wakhe, ukujeziswa okulungile "kobushiqela" benyunyana yase-American-Israel eLebanon nasePalestine.
Ukuvalelwa kanye nokupheliswa kwemali
Ukubhubhisa umsolwa owaziwayo wonke umhlaba wazama uClinton, nesihlahla, no-Obama. Umvuzo wekhanda likaBin Laden ukhuphuke waya ku-25, bese kuthi amadola ayizigidi ezingama-50. Eminyakeni edlule yokushushiswa komqambiso, kwabezindaba kanye nezibalo eziningi zezepolitiki kwabika ukuthi u-Osama wabulawa, wabulawa yiTyhus, nokunye. Kodwa-ke, kamuva kwavela ukuthi amaphekula asaphila. Kwenziwa izinyembezi ezivaliwe zamaphekula ezihlangene e-United States, enye yazo inikezelwe kwifilimu "yenhloso yokuqala".
![Indlu usama bin laden Indlu usama bin laden](/userfiles/126/18105_11.webp)
UBin Laden wahlangana nokufa kwakhe kwangempela ngoMeyi 2, 2011, lapho amabutho ahlomile aseMelika enze umsebenzi oyimfihlo eVilla yamaphekula. Yayiseduze naseduze naseMusbabad, ensimini ye-Abbottabad. Kamuva, imithombo eminingi, kubandakanya ngqo nomongameli we-United States, uBarack Obama, ukuqinisekisile imininingwane mayelana nokubulawa komuntu obulawa yilapho umgquma ebula khona, njengoba eyayineminyaka emingaki ngesikhathi ayesengusikhathi sokufa , njll. Umzimba Ben Laden, ngokusho kweCNN, wangcwatshwa oLwandle Arabia.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Imininingwane enembile mayelana nekhanda le-al-Qaida akuyona kangako. Basho ukuthi ushiywe - ngesandla, ukukhula kwakhe kwakungemva kokungaphezu kuka-180 cm, noma ngo-193-196 cm, wahamba nenduku futhi wahlukaniswa ngendlela yokukhuluma buthule. Okweqiseni okwedlulele ashadile amahlandla ambalwa futhi ahlukanise kaningi, kanti esewonke wazalwa acishe abe yizingane ezingama-20- 26. Kubikwa ukuthi ngemuva kwemicimbi yangoSepthemba 11, abaningi babo bathuthela e-Iran.