I-Biograge
UNapoleon Bonaparte wayengumkhuzi ogqamile, i-prozomatay, enezobuhlakani obuhle kakhulu, inkumbulo eyisimanga nokusebenza kahle. Isikhathi sonke siqanjwe kuye, nezenzo zakhe zaba ukwethuka kwabantu abaningi. Amasu akhe ezempi asezincwadini, futhi izinkambiso zentando yeningi zamazwe asentshonalanga zisuselwa ku- "Napoleon Law".
Indima emlandweni weFrance yalobuntu obuvelele iyamangalisa. ESpain naseRussia, wabizwa ngokuthi Umphik'ukristu, futhi abanye abacwaningi babheka uNapoleon iqhawe elimbalwa elihlotshiswe ngalo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Commander egqamile, isishumayeli, uMbusi uNapoleon i Bonaparte wayengowokuzalwa eCorsica. Ngo-Agasti 15, 1769 wazalelwa edolobheni lase-Ajaccio emkhayeni wobukhosi ompofu. Abazali be-Engper yesikhathi esizayo babenezingane eziyisishiyagalombili. Ubaba uCarlo di Buonaparte wahola umkhuba wezomthetho, umama weLeticia, uNee Ramolino, wakhulisa izingane. Ngobuzwe, babengamaCorsican. I-Bonaparte yinguqulo ye-tuscan yesibongo esidumile seCorsican.
Ukufundwa kwakhe okungcwele kanye nomlando wangcwele bafundiswa ekhaya, banikezwa iminyaka eyisithupha esikoleni esizimele, e-Odenis College, lapho umfana ehlala khona isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokuthi ikolishi liyaqhubeka nokutadisha esikoleni samasosha aseBarryna. Ngo-1784 ungena eParis Military Academy. Ekugcineni, isihloko sikaLieutenant siyathola futhi kusukela ngo-1785 kusebenza e-Artillery.
Emusha wokuqala, uNapole wayehlala ngokotimu, wayethanda izincwadi nezindaba zezempi. Ngo-1788, ukuba eCorsica, wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezidakamizwa ezivikelayo, wasebenza embikweni wenhlangano yezempi, njll. Ubuke wacabanga ukuthi i-FireTrary isebenza ngenani elikhulu, yanethemba lokuthi izoduma kule nkambu.
Ngentshisakalo Ufunda izincwadi emlandweni, i-geography, usayizi wemali etholwa nguhulumeni emazweni aseYurophu, usebenza kwifilosofi yomthetho, uyayithanda imibono uJean-Jacques Rousseau ne-Abbot Reynal. Ubhala udaba lweCorsica, udaba 'lwengxoxo ngothando', 'lo mprofethi ofihliwe "," Bala i-Essex "futhi uhola idayari.
Imibhalo yeBonaparte yoMncane ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu ahlale emibhalweni yesandla. Kule misebenzi, umbhali uveza imizwa engemihle maqondana neFrance, ayicubungule i-Enslave yeCorsica, kanye nothando lwezwe lakubo. Amarekhodi amasha weNapoleon akwenziwa nge-telitiki yezepolitiki futhi agcwele umoya wezinguquko.
I-French Revolution Napoleon Bonaparte ihlangana nomdlandla, ngo-1792 ingena eJacobin Club. Ngemuva kokunqoba phezu kweBritish ngokuthathwa kweToulon ngo-1793, isihloko se-Brigade General siyahlonishwa. Lokhu kuba yinguquko e-Biography yakhe, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho umsebenzi wamasosha ogqamile uqala.
Ngo-1795, uNapoleon wehluka ngokusheshisa kokuhlubuka kwabantu basebukhosini, okwathi lapho kumiswa umphathi wamasosha. Umkhankaso wase-Italy owenziwe ngo-1796-1797 ngaphansi komyalo wakhe wabonisa ithalente lomkhuzi wamkhazimulisa ezwenikazi lonke. Ngo-1798-1799, umkhombandlela umthumela ekuhambeni kwamasosha ewile eSyria naseGibhithe.
Ukuxoshwa kwaphela ngokunqotshwa, kepha akuzange kubhekwe ukwehluleka. Ushiya amabutho ngokudabukisayo ukulwa nesiRussia ngaphansi komyalo weSuvorov. Ngo-1799, jikelele napoleon Bonaparte ubuyela eParis. Imodi ye-Directory ngalesi sikhathi vele esezingeni eliphezulu lenkinga.
Ezombusazwe zasekhaya
Ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kwe-cooport ngo-1802, uba yi-Consul, kwathi ngo-1804 - umbusi. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngokubamba iqhaza kukaNapoleon, kushicilelwa ikhodi entsha ye-Civil, okwakuyisisekelo somthetho wamaRoma.
Inqubomgomo yangaphakathi eyenziwa ngumbusi ihlose ukuqinisa amandla ayo, okuthi, ngombono wakhe, iqinisekise ukulondolozwa kwezinguquko zenguquko. Ukwenza izinguquko emkhakheni wezomthetho nokuphatha. Bathathe izinguquko eziningi ezindimeni ezingokomthetho nezokuphatha. Ingxenye yalokhu okusha futhi manje yenza isisekelo sokusebenza kwezifundazwe. UNapoleon walilahla kabi. Kwamukelwa umthetho, wanikeza ilungelo lempahla. Izakhamizi zaseFrance zaqashelwa zilingana namalungelo namathuba.
Izimeya zaqokwa emadolobheni nasemizaneni, kwadalwa ibhange laseFrance. Ukuvuselelwa komnotho kwaqala, okwakungakwazi ngisho ukujabula ngisho nezendlalelo ezingezinhle zabantu. Amasethi emkhosini avumelekile ukuthola abampofu. Izinkundla zavulwa ezweni lonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, inethiwekhi yamaphoyisa inwetshiwe, umnyango oyimfihlo utholile, ama-bress abe yi-South Courborship. Kancane kancane kwakukhona imbuyiselo ohlelweni lwezezimali lukahulumeni.
Umcimbi obalulekile weziphathimandla zaseFrance kwaba isivumelwano esiphethwe ngopapa wangoRoma, ngenxa yokuthi umthetho wezomthetho weBonaparte waqashelwa esikhundleni sokumemezela inkolo yamaKatolika enkolweni enkulu yezakhamizi eziningi. Umphakathi maqondana nombusi wahlukaniswa waba amakamu amabili. Ingxenye yezakhamizi ezimemezele ukuthi uNapoleon wakhaphela ushintsho, kodwa bonatarte ngokwakhe wayekholelwa ukuthi ungumlandeli wemibono yakhe.
Inqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe
Ukuqala kweBhodi likaNapoleon kubalwa isikhashana, lapho iFrance ihola ubutha nge-Austria naseNgilandi. Umkhankaso omusha wase-Italian wase-Italian wasusa usongo oluvela emingceleni yaseFrance. Umphumela wezobutha kwakuwukuzithoba kwawo wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Ezindaweni ezazingafakwanga eFrance, izinhlinzeko zombusi woMbuso zadalwa, ababusi bawo babengamalungu omndeni wakhe. I-Russia, iPrussia ne-Austria bafaka inyunyana.
Ekuqaleni, uNapoleon wabonwa njengezwe laseMsindisi. Abantu babeziqhenya ngempumelelo yakhe, izwe lalinokukhuphuka kwezwe. Kepha impi eneminyaka engama-20 ubudala yazo zonke. I-Contitaltental blockade, ememezelwe nguBonaparte, okwaholela emnothweni waseNgilandi, imboni yayo yokukhanya, yaphoqa iBrithani ukuthi iyeke ukuhweba ngezizwe zaseYurophu. Inkinga ishaya amadolobha aseFort of France, ukulethwa kwezimpahla zamakoloni kunqanyulwe lapho eYurophu asevele kujwayela khona. Ngisho negceke laseFrance lahlushwa ukuntuleka kwekhofi, ushukela, itiye.
Isimo sanda ngenkuthazo yezomnotho yango-1810. Lo mgergeosie wayengafuni ukusebenzisa imali empini, ngoba usongo lokuhlasela amanye amazwe lwahlala esikhathini esidlule. Wayeqonda ukuthi inhloso yenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yombusi ukwandisa amandla ayo nokuvikelwa kwezintshisakalo zobukhosi.
Ukuqala kokulimala kombuso kwakungu-1812, lapho amabutho aseRussia anqoba amabutho e-napoleonic. Ukudalwa kwe-anti-Armnce Coalition, okwakuhlanganisa iRussia, e-Austria, iPrussia naseSweden, ngo-1814 kwaba ukuwa kombuso. Kulonyaka wahlula amaFulentshi futhi wangena eParis.
UNapoleon kwadingeka walahla isihlalo sobukhosi, kepha isimo sombusi salondolozwa ngemuva kwakhe. Udluliselwe esiqhingini sase-Elba oLwandle iMedithera. Kodwa-ke, umbusi wezesekeli wahlala lapho isikhathi eside.
Izakhamizi zaseFrance nezempi zazingagculisekile ngalesi simo, zesaba ukubuyiselwa kwamaBurbones kanye neBiseli. I-Bonaparte yenza ukuphunyuka futhi ngoMashi 1, 1815 kushukumisela eParis, lapho ahlangabezana khona nokubalwa ngentshiseko yezakhamizi. Izenzo zezempi ziyaqala kabusha. Emlandweni, le nkathi ifake njengezinsuku eziyikhulu. " Ukunqotshwa kokugcina kwamasosha amaNapoleonic kwenzeka ngoJuni 18, 1815 ngemuva kwempi eWaterloo.
Umbusi obulalayo wathunjwa ngabakwaBrithani futhi wabuyiselwa kusixhumanisi. Kulokhu wazithola esofweni e-Atlantic Ocean esiqhingini saseSt. U-Helena, lapho ahlala khona eminye iminyaka eyisithupha. Kepha akubona bonke abaseBrithani abaphathwe kabi uNapoleon ngokungahambi kahle. Ngo-1815, uGeorge Byron, umxhwele isiphetho soMbusi oBhuthukile, wadala "umjikelezo weNapoleonioc" ngezinkondlo ezinhlanu, ngemuva kwalokho imbongi yahlanjalazwa ngokungabi nompasi. Phakathi kwamaBritish kwakukhona omunye fan of Napoleon - Princess Charlotte, indodakazi yesikhathi esizayo uGeorge IV, ukuze axhaswe yibusika abalwa ngasikhathi sinye, kodwa washona ngo-1817 ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UNapoleon Bonaparte osemusha wahlukaniswa injabulo. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, ukukhula kukaNapoleon kwakuphakeme kunezincazelo ezikhona kulezo zinto - 168 cm, ezazingeke zidonse ukunakwa kocansi oluhlukile. Izici zamakhowe, ukuma, okubonakalayo ekukhiqizeni okuvezwe ngesimo sesithombe, kudale inzalo phakathi kwamantombazane azungeze.
Isithandwa sokuqala, esasinikezwa yiNntwana, sasiyisifiso esineminyaka engu-16 ubudala-eugene-Clara. Kepha ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wakhe eParis waqala ukukhula ngokushesha, futhi uNapoleon akazange amelane ne-charm yeParisian. Enhlokodolobha yaseFrance, uBonaparte wakhetha ukuqala amanoveli nabesifazane abadala kunaye.
Umcimbi obalulekile wempilo yomuntu siqu kaNapoleon, owabanjwa ngo-1796, kwakuwumshado wakhe eJosephine Bogarne. UBonaparte othandekayo wayesemdala kuneminyaka eyi-6. Wazalelwa emndenini wePrater esiqhingini saseMartinique eCaribbean. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-16, wayeshade no-Alexander de Bogarne, owazalwa ezinganeni ezimbili. Eminyakeni eyisithupha ngemuva komshado, yahlukaniswa nomlingani wayo futhi ngesinye isikhathi yayihlala eParis, khona-ke endlini kababa. Ngemuva kwenguquko, 1789 yaphinde yaya eFrance. EParis, umyeni wakhe wangaphambili wasekelwa, ngaleso sikhathi babamba isikhundla sezepolitiki. Kepha ngo-1794, ama-visothi abulawa, futhi uJosephone ngokwalo wachitha isikhathi esithile ejele.
Ngemuva konyaka, ngilonda inkululeko, uJosephine wahlangana ne-Bonaparte, owayengadumile kangako. Ngokweminye imininingwane, ngesikhathi sokuthandana, wahlangana nombuso wothando nombusi waseFrance nguBarras, kepha awuzange umvimbe ukuba abe ngumshado kaBonaparte noJosephine bafakaze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uBarrasi wakhalaza isikhundla somkhwenyana we-Commander yebutho lase-Italy yeRiphabhulikhi.
Abaphenyi bathi abathandi banabathandi abaningi. Bobabili bazalwa bengekho kude neFrance eziqhingini ezincane, bafunda ukuncipha, bahlala ejele, bobabili babengabaphuphayo. Ngemuva komshado, uNapoleon waya endaweni yebutho lase-Italy, futhi uJosephine wahlala eParis. Ngemuva komkhankaso wase-Italy, uBonaparte wathunyelwa eGibhithe. UJosephine akakasalandelwa umyeni wakhe, kodwa wakujabulela impilo yezwe enhlokodolobha yaseFrance.
Ukuhlushwa umhawu, uNapoleon waqala ukuqala intandokazi. Ngokwezilinganiso zabacwaningi, othandekayo nguNapoleon wayesuka ku-20 kuye kwangama-50. Kwalandelwa amanoveli amaningi, aholela ekuqubuni kwezindlalifa ezingemthetho. Yaziwa cishe ngababili - U-Alexander Colonne-Valevsky noCharles Leone. Uhlobo lwekholomu-Valevsky lusindile kuze kube namuhla. Unina ka-Alexander waba yindodakazi yasePoland Aristocrat Maria Valevskaya.
UJosephine akakwazanga ukuba nezingane, ngakho-ke kwathi ngo-1810 uNapoleon walahla. Ekuqaleni, uBonaparte wahlela ukuzalela umndeni wombusi waseRomanov. Wabuza izandla zika-Anna Pavlovna kumfowabo u-Alexander I. Kepha uMbusi waseRussia akafuni ukujaha umbusi hhayi igazi lasebukhosini. Ngezindlela eziningi, lokhu kungaboni ngaso linye kuthinte ukupholisa kobudlelwano phakathi kweFrance neRussia. UNapoleon washada nendodakazi kaMbusi u-Austria Maria-Louise, owazala indlalifa. Lo mshado awuzange wamukelwa ngumphakathi waseFrance.
Kuyamangaza, kamuva, umzukulu uJosephine ngemuva kwalokho, futhi hhayi uNapoleon abe ngumbusi waseFrance. Inzalo yakhe ibusa eDenmark, eBelgium, eNorway, Sweden naseLuxembourg. Inzalo kaNapoleon yayingahlali njalo, njengoba indodana yakhe yayingenazo izingane, kodwa yena wafa esemusha.
Ngemuva kokuhlola isiqhingi sase-Elba Bonaparte, wayelindele ukubona oshade naye ofanele eceleni kwakhe, kepha uMaria-Louise waya emholweni. UMaria Valevskaya ufike eBonaparte nendodana yakhe. Ebuya eFrance, uNapoleon waphupha ngokubona uMaria kuphela uLouise, kepha umbusi akazange athole impendulo kuzo zonke izinhlamvu ezithunyelwe e-Austria.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kokuhlulwa kwe-Waterloo Bonaparte Corotal Time esiqhingini saseSt. Elena. Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo yakhe yagcwala ukuhlupheka kwesifo esingalapheki. NgoMeyi 5, 1821, uNapoleon i Bonaparte wafa, wayeneminyaka engama-52.
Ngokwenguqulo eyodwa, imbangela yokufa kwakungu-Oncology, ngakolunye - ubuthi be-arsenic. Abaphenyi ababambe izinguqulo zomdlavuza womdlavuza wesisu emiphumeleni ye-autopsy, kanye ne-herudity kaBonaparte, uBaba wayo ebulawa umdlavuza wesisu. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikhuluma lokho ngaphambi kokufa, uNapoleon Tolstie. Futhi kwaba uphawu olungaqondile lobuthi be-arsenic, ngoba iziguli zinciphisa isisindo nge-oncology. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinweleni zombusi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela iminonjana ye-arsenic of arventrance high high.
Ngokusho kwentando kaNapoleon, izidumbu zakhe zathuthwa zaya eFrance ngo-1840, ezivuselelwa eParis House of Persons ezikhubazekile eCathedral. Ezungeze ithuna lalowo owayengumbusi wangaphambili amaFrance akhombisa ama-scunppture enziwe nguJean Jacques Pradier.